Abstract: .alpha.-aminonitrile compounds derived from a fatty alkyl alkylene diamine containing two reactible amino functionalities are disclosed.

Abstract: Polymeric catalysts (e.g., polymeric acid catalysts such as poly(styrene)sulfonic acid) can be used in the synthesis of sol-gel derived ceramic materials from metal alkoxides, for example, organic/inorganic hybrid materials formed by reaction of a metal alkoxide and a reactive endcapped polymeric modifier. The use of a polymeric catalyst, rather than a conventional monomeric (inorganic or organic) acid catalyst, has a non-deleterious effect on the aging behavior and offers potential for control of rheological properties (spinnability, coatability, etc.) of the hybrid materials.

Abstract: A series of new high abrasion resistance coating materials have been prepared utilizing organic/inorganic hybrid materials formed by cohydrolyzing a metal alkoxide sol (e.g. silicon, aluminum, titanium, or zirconium metal alkoxide sol) with one or more bis(trialkoxysilane-containing) organic components or related functionalized species. These hybrid materials show optical clarity and improve the abrasion resistance of polymer substrates when applied as coatings and cured on such substrates.

Abstract: The addition of an aqueous solution containing one or more cations intended in a metal oxide ceramic product to a base to precipitate a calcinable metal oxide ceramic precursor reduces gelation problems during the precipitation of the precursor.

Abstract: Accelerator compositions for the free radical polymerization of unsaturated polyesters and for the curing of unsaturated polyesters and polyurethanes are disclosed. More particularly, use is made of complexes of thiolic compounds with metal salts as the accelerators. In more preferred embodiments, the accelerators also include oxygen-containing compounds or phosphorus-containing compounds. Also disclosed are curable resin compositions comprising these accelerators and polymerization and curing processes employing these accelerators.

Abstract: Novel bis(extraannular functionally-substituted phenylene) crown compounds, useful as chelating agents or in the synthesis of condensation polymers containing large semi-rigid macrocycles in the polymer backbone, are described. A broad range of functional groups (preferably in the 5-position) can be used in the 1,3-phenylene varieties. Carboxy functional groups are used in certain novel 1,2-phenylene crowns.

Abstract: Organophosphorus dihalides can have one of their halogen substituents substituted with an alkyl group from a trialkylaluminum by gradual addition of the latter reagent to the former.

Abstract: A polyoxime can be formed by reacting hydroxylamine with a copolymer of carbon monoxide and propylene. When the relative amount of oxime units in the polyoxime is high the polyoxime is soluble in water. Conversely, solubility in organic solvent is conferred when the oxime content is relatively low.

Abstract: Scale inhibition in a water treatment system can be achieved by using a composition which combines a butenedioic acid, such as maleic acid and/or fumaric acid, phosphorous acid, and a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Polyketone polymers can be stabilized and rendered more processable by the inclusion of a liquid crystalline diglycidyl compound, e.g., the diglycidyl ether of a 1,4-bis(p-hydroxybenzoyloxy) cyclohydrocarbon.

Abstract: In an optically non-linear (NLO) polymeric material a frequency doubling structure composed of alternatingly poled NLO polymer is made. This structure can be made by forming a layer of NLO polymer, effecting poling in it with the use of an electric field, partially removing the layer of NLO polymer by etching, such that in the polymer a grating structure is formed composed of etched grooves and projecting polymer parts, the width of the grooves matching that of the polymer parts, dividing the polymer layer containing the grating structure into at least two sections, and placing the two sections one on top of the other, such that grooves of the one section are back-filled by projecting polymer parts of the other section. To prevent the enclosure of air a filler may be added, preferably in the form of a solution of the NLO polymer.

Abstract: A high temperature lubricant composition comprising polycarboxylic acid esters and organophosphorus compounds is described. This composition is useful for lubricating very high temperature diesel engines. A method of rectifying used lubricant compositions is also described.

Abstract: Thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyamides comprise: (a) a thermoplastic, aliphatic polyamide, such as nylon-6,6; and (b) a mesogen comprising an amide-linked aromatic group segment which is not completely para-linked (namely, is substantially ortho- or meta-linked or a mixture of ortho- and meta-linked) by an amide linkage to an alkylene amide group contained in the mesogen.

Abstract: Manufactured is a non-linear optically active (NLO) device, an optical waveguiding structure being formed which comprises at least a layer of an NLO polymer containing hyperpolarizable groups, and the NLO polymer being exposed, with heating, to an electric field for poling of the hyperpolarizable groups, the heating being by contacting the NLO polymer with a thermal energy generating live electric conductor (a resistor wire). Preferably, the live electric conductor also functions as electrode when generating the electric field with which the hyperpolarizable groups are poled. The invention further relates to a device comprising an optical waveguiding structure and electrodes for electro-optically affecting light coupled into the waveguide. The live electric conductor used in the manufacture also functions as an electro-optical effect generating electrode.

Abstract: A frequency doubling structure composed of an alternatingly poled NLO polymer is incorporated into an optically non-linear (NLO) polymeric material. This structure is made by forming a layer of a first NLO polymer, partially removing it by etching after it has been poled with the aid of a first electric field or not, such that a grating structure is formed composed of etched grooves in the polymer, and applying a layer of a second NLO polymer, such that the etched grooves are backfilled, after which the resulting alternating structure of the two NLO polymers is subjected either to a second electric field oppositely directed to the first one, or in the case of poling of the first polymer not yet having taken place, to two oppositely directed electric fields in succession. The second electric field is applied at a temperature which will not affect the poling of one NLO polymer effected by the first electric field.

Abstract: Epoxy functional copolymers of a higher .alpha.-olefin, and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid ester formed by copolymerization of olefin, acid ester and ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl compound can be used to form nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and/or sulfur-containing lubricant additives by reaction of the epoxy functionality in such a copolymer with glycidyl-reactive compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and/or sulfur atoms. Alternatively, the copolymerization reaction can utilize the olefin, unsaturated acid ester, and an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing the nitrogen, phosphorus and/or sulfur atom, which compound is formed by reaction of ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl compound and an epoxy-reactive nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: Polyketone compositions can be prepared by polymerizing carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer using a catalyst system containing a palladium compound, an anion of a non-hydrohalogenic acid, and a phosphorus compound bidentate ligand, a bis(diphenylphosphino)oxaalkane compound which can have the formulae: ##STR1## where R is an alkylene bridging group.

Abstract: A linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide and propylene, which is substantially free of ester and ether linkages, is formed by the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and propylene in a ketone solvent medium (e.g., acetone). Acid end groups can be introduced if a mixture of water and ketone is used.

Abstract: The bisulfite adduct of a carbonyl compound, amine, and alkali metal cyanide are reacted in aqueous media to form an organic layer containing the desired .alpha.-aminonitrile product and an aqueous layer containing alkali metal sulfite. The aqueous layer, after separation from the organic layer, can be used as the reaction medium in a fresh reaction of bisulfite adduct, amine and alkali metal cyanide after its pH has been adjusted to the moderately acidic range, e.g., a pH of about 4 to about 5.

Abstract: Preblends with improved interfacial adhesion, capable of later melt blending, can be formed by heating, above their glass transition temperatures but below their melting temperatures, a flexible coil polymer, to serve as the matrix, and a lesser amount of a block copolymer of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer and a flexible coil polymer.