Abstract: A process for the formation of a di(hydroxyalkylaryl) aryl phosphate is disclosed which comprises the reaction of an o-alkyl substituted aromatic diol, e.g., an o-alkyl substituted hydroquinone such as o-t-butylhydro-quinone, and monoaryl dihalophosphate, such as monophenyl dichlorophosphate. This process can, in particular, be used to make certain di(hydroxy-o-alkylphenyl) phenyl phosphate compounds, preferably those that are p-hydroxy, such as di(p-hydroxy-o-t-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate.

Abstract: A hybrid roof covering element, which suitable for simultaneously heating a medium and generating electricity, and which comprises a single or multiple transparent layer, a flexible thin film solar cell sheet with a heat capacity of less than 3.5 kJ/m2K and a thermally insulating material, and a medium to be heated. The flexible thin film solar cell sheet comprises a carrier, a back electrode, a photovoltaic layer, and a transparent conductive front electrode and has a heat capacity of less than 3.5 kJ/m2K. This hybrid roof covering element has a response speed of more than 5.7·10−4 K/J if the medium to be heated is air and a response speed of more than 1·10−4 K/J if the medium to be heated is water.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a normally white super twisted nematic (NW-STN) display comprising a super twisted nematic (STN) display cell and a compensation layer, characterized in that the compensation layer is a twisted liquid crystalline polymer and has an optical retardation (OR) which is 10 to 50% of the OR of the display cell in the off-state, and wherein the absolute value of the twist angle of the compensation layer is between 150° and 10° and is at least 90° smaller that the absolute value of the twist angle of the STN display cell. Preferably, the compensation layer of the NW-STN display is temperature matched with the STN display cell.

Abstract: Chelating agents (chelants) of the general structure: wherein: n=2-4 X=—CR1R2—, or whereby at least two of X are of formula III Y=COOH, —PO3H2 or o-hydroxyphenyl R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or C1-C8 alkyls m=1, 2 or 3 and most preferably m=1 Z and Z1 are unsubstituted or substituted C C*=C or CH or N Z1, Z2, Z′1, and Z′2 are independently selected from H (or nothing for Z2 and Z′2 if C* is N) and C1-C10 groups that optionally contain one or more N atoms (optionally attached directly to C*), whereby one of the pairs Z/Z1, Z/Z2 and Z1/Z2 and one of the pairs Z′/Z′1, Z′1/Z′2 and Z′/Z′2 may be connected to form substituted or unsubstituted (hetero)(poly)cyclic structures of less than 20 atoms. C* is either part of an aromatic (hetero)(poly)cyclic structure or linked by a double bond to Z or Z2 and/or Z′ or Z′2.

Abstract: A method and container for transporting and storing chemical compounds susceptible to exothermic decomposition. The method including placing the chemical compounds in a container where the opening and the rim of the container are sealed by means of a cover and a clamping strap, and the clamping strap is designed to release the cover from the rim of said container at a predetermined level of superatmospheric pressure in the container to open up the entire top for relief of the superatmospheric pressure. When exothermic decomposition occurs, the invention provides substantial and instant pressure relief, which, in turn, avoids cracking and/or fragmentation of the container.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbylvinyl-1-phosphonic acid hydrocarbyl ester, such as a 1-phenylvinylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester, which utilizes: (a) the base catalyzed addition (preferably using a nonnucleophilic strong organic base) of a hydrocarbyl phosphite, such as a dialkyl phosphite containing no more than about eight carbon atoms in either of its alkyl groups, to an aldehyde or methyl ketone, such as a phenyl ketone, as exemplified by acetophenone, to form a hydrocarbyl 1-hydroxy-1-hydrocarbylphosphonate, such as a dialkyl 1-hydroxy-1-phenylalkylphosphonate compound; (b) the acid-catalyzed esterification (preferably acetylation) of the compound from (a) with an acid anhydride to form an acylated intermediate; and (c) the removal of carboxylic acid (preferably at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 215° C.

Abstract: Claimed are a process and an apparatus for extracting a component dissolved in a liquid by means of liquid-liquid extraction using an extraction liquid which is immiscible or only partially miscible with the liquid, in which process the extraction liquid is dispersed in the liquid in a dispersion apparatus and then coalesced in a coalescer, after which the ex traction liquid, the specific weight of which differs by at least 5% from the specific weight of the liquid to be extracted in which the component to be extracted is to be found, is separated from the liquid by gravity in a phase separator in which process in order to obtain an efficiency per extraction stage of at least 0.9 at an average residence time of at most 15 seconds in the dispersion apparatus and of at most 300 seconds in the phase separator, at a linear velocity in the coalescer related to its cross-section of at least 30 m/hour: a.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing bisindenylalkanes of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently represent H or a C1-C6 hydrocarbon group or R1 and R2 or R1 and R3 or R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring, said ring being optionally substituted with a C1-C4 hydrocarbon group, and R5 represents a C1-C6 hydrocarbon group, comprising reacting, at a temperature which does not exceed about 5° C., a metallated indene of formula II with a disubstituted hydrocarbon of formula III: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 have the same meaning as defined above, M represents a metal ion, and X independently represents a suitable leaving group, in a suitable reaction medium wherein the molar ratio of II to III is 2.05 or higher. The process is particularly suitable for preparing bisindenylethane, i.e., R1-R4 represent H and R5 represents an ethylene group.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a di(hydroxyalkylaryl) aryl phosphate is disclosed which comprises the reaction of an o-alkyl substituted aromatic diol, e.g., an o-alkyl substituted hydroquinone such as o-t-butylhydro-quinone, and monoaryl dihalophosphate, such as monophenyl dichlorophosphate. This process can, in particular, be used to make certain di(hydroxy-o-alkylphenyl) phenyl phosphate compounds, preferably those that are p-hydroxy, such as di(p-hydroxy-o-t-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of peroxides and to a process for the preparation of these peroxides having the general formula (I), wherein n=1 or 2, R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, and C7-C20 alkaryl, or R1 and R2 form a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group, which groups may include linear or branched alkyl moieties; and each of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 may optionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, linear or branched alkyl, aryloxy, halogen, ester, carboxy, nitrile, and amido, and R1 and R2 may form a ring, and R3 is independently selected from the group comprising C1-C20, alkyl; C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20, aralkyl, and C7-C20 alkaryl, which groups may include linear or branched alkyl moieties; and R3 may optionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, linear or branched alkyl, aryloxy,

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process wherein peroxides are dosed to a polymerization mixture, with essentially all of the organic peroxide that is used in the polymerization process having a half-life from 0.05 hour to 1.0 hour at the polymerization temperature. The dosing of such peroxide allows for accurate control of the polymerization rate, and the process will render a polymer with a low residual peroxide level.

Abstract: An aqueous finishing composition for cellulose-containing materials, comprising a hydroxyalkyl-functional organophosphorus flame retardant (which contains a substantially non-volatile component at the curing temperature) and a non-formaldehyde cross-linking agent (such as a polycarboxylic acid cross-linking agent), and the materials treated with such a composition. Optional ingredients for the aqueous finishing composition include a cross-linking catalyst and/or an inexpensive saturated alpha-hydroxy polycarboxylic acid such as citric acid (partial replacement of a more expensive preferred polycarboxylic acid will reduce finishing costs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising cyclic ketone peroxide and a phlegmatizer having a 95% boil-off point falling in the range of 220-265° C., most preferably 235-250° C. A preferred peroxide is cyclic methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Preferably, a single phlegmatizer is used. Preferred phlegmatizers are Isopar® M and Soltrol® 170. The invention also pertains to the use of compositions according to this invention in (co)polymerization and polymer modification processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous emulsions of peroxyesters comprising an anti-freeze agent, a polyvinyl acetate with a degree of hydrolysis between 45 and 68%, and a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value greater than 16 selected from alkylene oxide block-copolymers, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and ethoxylated fatty acids. The emulsions are safe, storage stable, and generally applicable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for enhancing the melt strength of polypropylene comprising the steps of: mixing the polypropylene with at least one peroxydicarbonate; reacting said polypropylene and peroxydicarbonate at a temperature between 150° C. and 300° C., with the proviso that the peroxydicarbonate is not in the form of an aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: An article comprising wood can be preserved by applying to the wood an effective amount for the preservation of the wood of a polymeric phenol sulfide having a tri- or higher sulfide bridge therein, which can be a polymeric alkyl phenol sulfide, such as one containing an alkyl group containing from one to about four carbon atoms in the alkyl group contained therein of the following formula, where R is the alkyl group,: where R is alkyl, m is from 1 to 3, n ranges from about 2 to about 10, and x is 3 or higher.

Abstract: An aqueous finishing composition for cellulose-containing materials, comprising a hydroxyalkyl-functional organophosphorus flame retardant (which contains a substantially non-volatile component at the curing temperature) and a non-formaldehyde cross-linking agent (such as a polycarboxylic acid cross-linking agent), and the materials treated with such a composition. Optional ingredients for the aqueous finishing composition include a cross-linking catalyst and/or an inexpensive saturated alpha-hydroxy polycarboxylic acid such as citric acid (partial replacement of a more expensive preferred polycarboxylic acid will reduce finishing costs).

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmic lens comprising the cured product of a composition comprising: 60-99 wt % of a poly(allyl carbonate) of a polyhydroxy alcohol, said polyhydroxy alcohol having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxy groups in the molecule; 0.01-10 wt % of at least one radical initiator; 0-20 wt % of comonomers; and a cyclohexyl diallyl ester oligomer in an amount of 0.05 to 60 wt %, having the formula I wherein X denotes a divalent hydrocarbon residue derived from a diol having 2-20 carbon atoms, optionally partly replaced by a residue derived from a polyol having 3 or more carbon atoms and 3-10 hydroxy groups, and n=1-100.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a polymeric phenol sulfide, which can be a polymeric alkyl phenol sulfide, such as one containing an alkyl group containing from one to about four carbon atoms in the alkyl group contained therein of the following formula, where R is the alkyl group,: where R is alkyl, m is from 1 to 3, n ranges from about 2 to about 10, and x ranges from 1 to about 4.

Abstract: A catalyst component, adapted for use in the polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene, is formed by reaction of an organomagnesium compound with a metal oxide support to form a supported organomagnesium composition, reaction of the supported organomagnesium composition and a tetraalkyl silicate, contact of the resulting product with a chlorinating reagent, and treatment of the product from the previous step with liquid titanium halide.