Abstract: An optically anisotropic solution containing cellulose and inorganic acids of phosphorus contains 94-100 wt % of the following constituents: cellulose; phosphoric acid and/or its anhydrides; and water; and 0-6 wt % of other constituents. This solution can be prepared in an apparatus in which intensive mixing is made possible by the shearing forces generated by mixers and kneaders in the apparatus. The solution can be used in making pulp, hollow fibres, staple fibre, membranes, nonwovens, or films.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for forming monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphates by the reaction of a diaryl halophosphate, such as diphenyl chlorophosphate, optionally in the presence of some monoaryl dihalophosphate, with an aromatic diol, such as resorcinol, to form the monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate. The reaction preferably employs a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride.

Abstract: Celluloe extrudates can be made from an optically anisotropic solution containing 94-100 wt % of: cellulose; phosphoric acid and/or its anhydrides; and water by extruding the solution, coagulating the formed extrudates, and then aftertreating those extrudates so that they have a degree of acidity which at least equals 7. Fibres obtained by such a process possess particularly good thermal stability and are suitable for use as a reinforcing material.

Abstract: The preparation of polyesters and copolyesters, titanium dioxide precipitates and/or titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide coprecipitates having a composition of TiO.sub.2 :SiO.sub.2 >90:10 mol/mol and/or titanium dioxide/zirconium dioxide coprecipitates having a composition of TiO.sub.2 :ZrO.sub.2 >95:5 mol/mol, which have been obtained by hydrolytic precipitation of the corresponding metal alcoholates formed from mono- or polyhydric alcohols, are proposed as polycondensation catalysts. They offer increased safety for the ecosystem and have a higher catalytic activity than Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, so that the preferred amount used is only 10 to 100 ppm, based on the esters or oligoesters to be subjected to polycondensation. Their storage stability is good if the catalysts have a water content of from 0 to about 15 weight percent, preferably from 0 to about 5 weight percent based upon the hydrated precipitate or coprecipitate, as determined by Karl Fischer titration.

Abstract: The synthesis of an aramid by the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide, an aromatic dichloride, such as 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and a diamine, such as 1,4-diaminobenzene, is disclosed. The reaction may be catalyzed by palladium (II) and palladium (0)-containing catalysts with chelating trialkyl phosphines, such as bis(diisopropylphosphino)-propane.

Abstract: Styrene phosphonic acid (SPA) can be formed the reaction of phosphorous acid with acetophenone, preferably in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, to form a hydroxy adduct intermediate thereof which is then reacted with acetic anhydride to form the acyl derivative of the hydroxy adduct, followed by removal of an acetic acid moiety therefrom, preferably in the presence of an acidic catalyst, to form the styrene phosphonic acid product.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-soluble alkylaluminoxane composition, such as, methylaluminoxane or even a modified methylaluminoxane, can be prepared by preparing an alkylaluminoxane precursor via non-hydrolytic means, such as, by treating at least one trialkylaluminum compound with a compound containing an oxygen-carbon bond, adding to that precursor an effective amount of an organoaluminum compound which prevents formation of insoluble species, such as, a trialkylaluminum compound where each alkyl group contains two or more carbon atoms, and converting that modified precursor to an alkylaluminoxane, such as, by thermolysis. In a distinct embodiment of the invention, if an insoluble methylaluminoxane product is formed using the non-hydrolytic technique, it can be solubilized by treatment with a solubilizing amount of an alkylaluminoxane, prepared by either hydrolytic or non-hydrolytic means, wherein the alkyl moieties contain two or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: A solution which comprises: a non-polar organic solvent, such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, like hexane; polyaniline; and an effective amount of an amphiphilic phenol-containing reagent, which can be a monomeric compound or a phenol-containing polymer, for the solubilization of the polyaniline in the solvent. The alkyl substituent in the phenol-containing reagent, if monomeric, can contain from about six to about twelve carbon atoms, with a preferred solubilizer being dodecylphenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of fabricating an electro-optical device which comprises integrating a semiconductor component with a polymeric optical waveguide component. According to the invention, a semiconductor component obtained by epitaxial lift-off (ELO) is embedded in a waveguide device which in addition to a polymeric optical waveguide structure comprises an appropriate cavity. The invention further pertains to an integrated electro-optical device attainable by means of this ELO technique. Notably, it concerns an integrated electro-optical device in which the polymeric waveguide component and the semiconductor component are integrated on a substrate made of a different material from that of the semiconductor component, preferably a material with good heat dissipation, such as silicon. Preferably, the polymeric waveguide component comprises a polymer in which waveguide channels have been provided by bleaching.

Abstract: The aromatic polyamide pulp obtained by the process of this invention is good in dispersibility in water and good in opening property, and excellent in dispersibility of inorganic filler and wettability with and adhesion to a matrix resin such as phenol resin. Hence, an impregnated paper and molded article excellent in homogeneity and mechanical strength can be produced. Also, in the case of friction materials free from paper-making step, the filler-retention of pulp in the production process is good and such a result that the filler-dispersibility and mechanical strength of molded article are excellent is obtained, and the pulp can be utilized particularly effectively in uses as asbestos-substitutes.

Abstract: Polysaccharide acid amide compositions are disclosed which contains one extra carbon atom as compared to the polysaccharide and which comprises an acid amide of the formula --C(O)N(R)(R') where R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from about one to about four carbon atoms and R' is fatty alkyl of no less than about eight carbon atoms. Disaccharides such as lactose or maltose are preferred. These polysaccharide acid amides are formed by reacting the polysaccharide with a cyanide source, for example, an alkali metal cyanide, such as sodium cyanide, in the presence of an amine reagent containing a fatty alkyl group, such as one which comprises a ammonium ion of the formula H.sub.2 N(R)(R') where R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of from about one to about four carbon atoms and R' is fatty alkyl of no less than about eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for forming a composition containing over, for example, about 90% by weight of an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing bis(diphenyl phosphate) compound and less than, for example, 10%, by weight, of monophosphate by-product. This process involves the reaction of a composition containing a diphenyl halophosphate and an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing diol, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid catalyst, utilizing a means, during the course of the reaction, for removal of hydrohalide by-product. The preferred means that are used for removal of hydrohalide by-product include:performing the reaction in a hydrocarbon solvent;utilizing vacuum to remove such by-product;utilizing sparging with an inert gas; andcompatible combinations of one or more of the foregoing means.

Abstract: It is proposed to use a synthetic granulate or powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm as packing material for the removal of liquid, gaseous and/or dissolved constituents from a process stream, which packing material is made up of a porous, preferably dimensionally stable polymer having an overall porosity of 50 to 95% by volume, which when used as an extracting medium has pores of a diameter of 0.01 to 50 .mu.m, with an extracting liquid immobilised therein, or when used as a coalescence medium has a cellular body/window structure with the diameter of more than 50% by volume of the bodies being in the range of 100 to 700 .mu.

Abstract: Claimed is a copolyether amide having a melting point in the range of 180.degree. to 260.degree. C., incorporating at least 10 wt. % and not more than 30 wt. % of ethylene oxide groups, and composed of 30 to 60 wt. % of polyamide segments and 70 to 40 wt. % of segments derived from a (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a dimeric fatty acid and a polyoxyalkylene diamine derived from a polyoxyalkylene group having a molecular weight of 600 to 6000 and an atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen of 2.0 to 4.3. Also claimed is a non-porous, waterproof film having a water vapour permeability of at least 1000 g/m.sup.2 day determined at 30.degree. C. and 50% RH in accordance with ASTM E96-66 which is based on a the use of these films in rainwear, shoes, tents, chairs, as mattress covers and understating, for medical purpose garments, and for the manufacture of dressings.

Abstract: A method for the making and use of a porous, preferably dimensionally stable, hydrophobic polymer for the extraction of metal ions from an aqueous solution, with the polymer being in the form of a regenerative granulate or powder having an average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 10 mm and pores of from 0.1 to 50 .mu.m, which is obtained by the dissolving of a polymer, with heating, at a temperature above the upper critical demixing temperature Tc in a complexing agent containing hydrophobic liquid, followed by lowering of the temperature, resulting in a porous polymer filled with the hydrophobic liquid, and the mechanical diminution of the solidified mass is disclosed. Favorable results have been attained using polypropylene as the hydrophobic polymer, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thio acid as the complexing agent, and with a mixture of dibenzyl toluene and/or polypropylene glycol ether being part of the hydrophobic liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spinneret of a very specific geometry which provides more strength compared with the commonly applied spinnerets, and to a spinneret made of a specific metal alloy which also provides a further high strength. In combination, a spinneret is resistant to spinning pressures up to 60.000 kPa if it is made of the specific geometry and made of the preferred metal alloy of gold, platinum, rhodium and palladium, which does not comprise contaminations and which material is very homogeneous and thus does not show an obvious second phase.

Abstract: A low temperature molten ionic liquid composition comprising a mixture of a metal halide and an alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt is described which is useful as a catalyst and a solvent in alkylation, arylation and polymerization reactions or as an electrolyte for batteries. The metal halide is a covalently bonded metal halide which can contain a metal selected from the group comprised of aluminum, gallium, iron, copper, zinc, and indium, and is most preferably aluminum trichloride. The alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt may contain up to three alkyl groups, which are preferably lower alkyl, such as methyl and ethyl.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming an aluminoxane composition comprising methylaluminoxane by mixing trimethylaluminum, or a mixture of trimethylaluminum and one or more other trihydrocarbylaluminum compounds, with an organoaluminum compound containing a trialkylsiloxide moiety and then oxygenating the mixture to form the aluminoxane. Oxygenation can be carried out by controlled hydrolysis or by treatment with an organic compound containing carbon-oxygen bonds, such as carbon dioxide. A preferred trialkylsiloxide moiety is of the formula --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, such as in a compound of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.2 AlOSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for forming monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphates by the reaction of a diaryl halophosphate, such as diphenyl chlorophosphate, optionally in the presence of some monoaryl dihalophosphate, with an aromatic diol, such as resorcinol, to form the monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate. The reaction preferably employs a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic phosphorus compound-containing which comprises an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) produced by polymerizing free-radically polymerizable monomers comprising at least an allyl group-containing monomer and an epoxy resin.