Abstract: ZSM-22 zeolite which is particularly pure and whose synthesis does not require the synthesis mixture to be stirred can be produced by the addition to the synthesis mixture of a small quantity e.g. 1000 ppm, of preformed ZSM-22 zeolite seed crystals.

Abstract: A first refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has a sodium and/or potassium concentration of not higher than 0.1 ppm. Since it has low hydrolyzability and excellent insulating properties, the first refrigerating machine oil is useful as a refrigerating machine oil composition for refrigerators having a hermetic compressor. A second refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is composed mainly of an ester of pentaerythritol and a carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid is a mixed carboxylic acid composed of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and a straight-chain or branched fatty acid having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The proportion of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in the mixed carboxylic acid is in the range of from more than 50 mol % to not more than 90 mol %.

Abstract: A lubricant and combination lubricant and refrigerant composition for use in a refrigerating machine in which a substitute freon refrigerant, which lubricant contains a polymer of a fumaric ester or a fumaric ester and a copolymerizable alkylene, and optionally contains an organic carboxylic ester or a polyalkylene glycol with a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 30 cSt. The lubricant is compatible with substitute freon refrigerants such as hydrogen-containing halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly R 134a, in a wide temperature range, has a high viscosity index, is thermally and chemically stable, and has an excellent lubricity.

Abstract: A biodegradable lubricant which is prepared from: about 60-99% by weight of at least one biodegradable synthetic ester base stock which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and mixed acids comprising about 30 to 80 molar % of a linear acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.12, and about 20 to 70 molar % of at least one branched acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.10 and wherein no more than 10% of the branched acids used to form the biodegradable synthetic ester base stock contains a quaternary carbon; wherein the ester base stock exhibits the following properties: at least 60% biodegradation in 28 days as measured by the Modified Sturm test; a pour point of less than -25.degree. C.; a viscosity of less than 7500 cps at -25.degree. C.

Abstract: A synthetic ester composition which exhibits thermal and oxidative stability, lower friction coefficient and lower wear, wherein the ester composition comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one branched mono-carboxylic acid which has a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.13 ; wherein the synthetic ester composition has between about 5-35% unconverted hydroxyl groups, based on the total amount of hydroxyl groups in the branched or linear alcohol.

Abstract: A method for producing 3-methyl-2-pentene which is substantially free of any other C.sub.6 olefin, except 2-ethyl-1-butene, by first producing a stream that contains 2-ethyl-1-butene from the trimerization of ethylene, and second by recovering the 2-ethyl-1-butene as 3-methyl-2-pentene via etherification, separation of the ether, and decomposition of the ether back to predominantly 3-methyl-2-pentene with some 2-ethyl-1-butene.

Abstract: A biodegradable lubricant which is prepared from: about 60-99% by weight of at least one biodegradable synthetic ester base stock which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one branched oxo acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.10, provided that said branched oxo acid does not include 2-ethylhexanoic acid; wherein the ester base stock exhibits the following properties: at least 60% biodegradation in 28 days as measured by the Modified Sturm test; a pour point of less than -25.degree. C.; and a viscosity of less than 7500 cps at -25.degree. C.; about 1 to 20% by weight lubricant additive package; and about 0 to 20% of a solvent.

Abstract: A process for recovering phthalic anhydride as a liquid from a vapor phase oxidation product which comprises mixing the vapor phase oxidation product having a temperature of about 130.degree. C. or greater with a first stream comprising a solvent having a boiling point in the range between about 150.degree. to 350.degree. C. and a freezing point of less than 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Ethers, for example those produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols, are freed from esters by treatment with an alkoxide, and are especially suitable as drilling fluid components.

Abstract: A synthetic ester composition which exhibits thermal and oxidative stability, lower friction coefficient and lower wear, wherein the ester composition comprises the reaction product of: a linear or branched alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one linear and/or branched acid which has a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.4 to C.sub.20, wherein the synthetic ester composition has a hydroxyl number of between about greater than 5 to 180, preferably between about greater than 5 to 100, and more preferably between about 10 to 80.

Abstract: A biodegradable synthetic ester base stock which comprises a blend of the following base stocks: (A) the reaction product of: (1) a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and (2) mixed acids comprising about 30 to 80 molar % of a linear acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.12, and about 20 to 70 molar % of at least one branched acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.10 and wherein no more than 10% of the branched acids used to form the biodegradable synthetic ester base stock contains a quaternary carbon; wherein the ester base stock exhibits the following properties: at least 60% biodegradation in 28 days as measured by the Modified Sturm test, a pour point of less than -25.degree. C.; and a viscosity of less than 7500 cps at -25.degree. C.

Abstract: A low emissions, high oxidative stability crankcase lubricating oil formulation which is prepared from a base stock which comprises at least one synthetic ester selected from the group consisting of: polyol esters, synthetic esters having between 5-35% unconverted hydroxyl groups, based on the total amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyol, and synthetic esters combined with at least one additional functional group which is capable of increasing the polarity of the functionalized synthetic ester, wherein the base stock has an oxygen, nitrogen or halogen content of at least 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the base stock; and a lubricant additive package.

Abstract: A synthetic ester composition exhibiting thermal and oxidative stability which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula K(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and at least one branched mono-carboxylic acid which has a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.13 ; wherein the synthetic ester composition has between 5-35% unconverted hydroxyl groups, based on the total amount of hydroxyl groups in the branched or linear alcohol.

Abstract: A process for forming acids from aldehydes which comprises reacting an oxo aldehyde with water in the presence of an acid-forming catalyst and in the absence of hydrogen, and at a pressure of about 0.1 to 6.99 MPa and a temperature of about 93.degree. to 205.degree. C., thereby converting aldehyde to an oxo acid.

Abstract: A biodegradable lubricant which is prepared from: about 60-99% by weight of at least one biodegradable synthetic ester base stock which comprises the reaction product of: a branched or linear alcohol having the general formula R(OH).sub.n, wherein R is an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic group having from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms and n is at least 2; and mixed acids comprising about 30 to 80 molar % of a linear acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.12, and about 20 to 70 molar % of at least one branched acid having a carbon number in the range between about C.sub.5 to C.sub.10 and wherein no more than 10% of the branched acids used to form the biodegradable synthetic ester base stock contains a quaternary carbon; wherein the ester base stock has an oxygen to carbon ratio of between about 0.15:1 to 0.3:1 and exhibits the following properties: at least 60% biodegradation in 28 days as measured by the Modified Sturm test; a pour point of less than -25.degree. C.

Abstract: Non liquid-crystalline esterphenol-capped liquid polymer and polyol compositions in combination with an amino crosslinking agent endow coating compositions containing them with the ability of providing films having superior properties. The esterphenol-capped polymers and polyols can be prepared by direct esterification of hydroxybenzoic acid without its decarboxylation.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxo alcohols and aldehydes by the cobalt catalyzed hydroformylation of C.sub.2 to C.sub.17 linear or branched monoolefins with subsequent hydrogenation of the hydroformylation product, in which oxo process aqueous solutions of cobalt salts are converted to active hydrido cobalt carbonyl species in a preformer reactor under preforming reaction conditions, the improvement characterized by the preformer reactor containing a shell-type, metal on substrate, preformer catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process which includes more than one catalytic cracking reaction step. The process integrates a hydroprocessing step between the catalytic cracking reaction steps in order to maximize olefins production, distillate quality and octane level of the overall cracked product. Preferably, the hydroprocessing step is included between the reaction stages, and a portion of the hydroprocessed products, i.e., a naphtha and mid distillate fraction, is combined with cracked product for further separation and hydroprocessing. It is also preferred that the first catalytic cracking reaction step be a short contact time reaction step.

Abstract: A thermosetting plastic foam solid is obtained using a blowing agent comprised at least partially from depolymerization of dicyclopentadiene into essentially pure cyclopentane. This unique hydrocarbon is miscible in polyester polyols, where others, such as extracted cyclopentane, are not. In a blend of 15 parts of liquid flame retardant per hundred parts polyester polyol, the mixture is both stable and has a suitably low viscosity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for contacting solid particles and fluid. A liquid is sprayed as liquid droplets from the discharge tip of a nozzle into hot solid particles passing upwardly in a vertical pipe. A venturi is formed in the pipe, and the venturi has an entrance portion which is upwardly convergent to the throat and an exit portion which is upwardly divergent from the throat. The tip of the nozzle is so located relative to the venturi that liquid droplets commence vaporization, due to heat transfer from the hot solid particles, no further up stream (relative to the direction of movement of solid particles up the pipe) than the throat of the venturi thereby resulting in a high degree of turbulence which causes good mixing of particles and vapor downstream of the venturi throat. The particles-vapor mixture leaving the exit portion of the venturi is well mixed and particles are substantially uniformly mixed with vapor in radial planes of the pipe downstream of the venturi.