Abstract: This invention relates to catalytic distillation utilizing Lewis acid promoted non-zeolitic inorganic oxide, large pore crystalline molecular sieve and/or ion exchange resin systems. Alkylation and oligomerization processes are adapted to this catalytic distillation technique.

Abstract: An improved fluid-bed reaction process and apparatus are disclosed in which feedstock is preheated and may be at least partially converted by contacting the feedstock with spent catalyst in a preheat zone. Additional benefits include a reduction in catalyst poisons and coke production in the reaction zone. By contacting the fresh feed with hot spent catalyst, at least a portion of the coke which would otherwise form in the reactor is deposited on the spent catalyst. Temporary catalyst poisons are also sorbed onto the spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is then withdrawn from the preheat zone, stripped of entrained hydrocarbon and regenerated.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 paraffinic hydrocarbons to more valuable petrochemical feedstocks including C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatics in the presence of a composite catalyst comprising a binder and at least one zeolite having a Constraint Index of between about 1 and 12, said composite catalyst having an alpha value of of greater than 5 and less than 33. It has been found that yields of valuable C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatics are increased by maintaining the composite catalyst alpha value within the claimed range.

Abstract: A process is provided for upgrading the olefinic gasoline by-product of low-severity medium-pore zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes including catalytic dewaxing and olefin oligomerization. The olefinic gasoline stream is upgraded in a high-severity catalytic conversion process which may be carried out in a catalytic cracking unit primary or secondary riser reactor or in a second medium-pore zeolite-catalyzed reaction zone. The olefinic gasoline stream may be mixed with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 aliphatic stream before upgrading the mixture in the high-severity catalytic conversion process. Examples of such low-severity medium-pore zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes include distillate and lubricant dewaxing as well as olefin oligomerization.

Abstract: An improved composition and method for passivating vanadium on or in a catalytic cracking catalyst during the process of catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons is described. The improved method comprises mixing discrete particles of lanthanum oxide and, optionally, other rare earth oxides along with the catalyst and the hydrocarbon during the catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched paraffins for making gasoline having improved octane is taught. The improved process comprises isomerizing the olefins and then contacting effluent and isoparaffins with a composite catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a large pore zeolite and/or a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide. The beneficial effects of low temperature operation and the use of water in the process are also noted. The process results in reduced catalyst aging and obviates environmental problems associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the Viscosity Index of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil comprising the steps of providing a flow reactor having separate first and second inlet ports for the separate co-injection of lubricating oil and an organic peroxide, charging said lubricating oil and said organic peroxide of said flow reactor through said first and second inlet ports respectively, controlling the relative flowrates of said lubricating oil and organic peroxide reactants together with the total volumetric flowrate through said flow reactor to maintain a flow regime which favors diffusional mixing between said organic peroxide and said lubricating oil, and maintaining said organic peroxide and said lubricating oil under conversion conditions including temperatures of between about 50.degree. and 300.degree. C. and pressure sufficient to maintain said lubricating oil and said organic peroxide substantially in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for increasing heat transfer efficiency between a conduit and a gas flowing through the conduit by fluidizing in the gas stream a Geldart Type A powder having controlled fines content. The invention further provides a method for integrating two fluid beds to transfer heat from a heat source to a fluid-bed reaction zone.

Abstract: Alkanes, preferably lower alkanes, are converted to olefins in a `third bed` external catalyst cooler (ECC) in which hot catalyst from a first regenerator (`second bed`) operating in conjunction with a fluid catalytic cracker (`first bed`) thermally cracks and dehydrogenates the alkanes. Because this is an endothermic reaction, the catalyst is autogeneously cooled before it is recirculated to the FCC regenerator. The cracking catalyst is the catalyst of choice in the FCC reactor. The conversion of alkanes to olefins is tailored to provide a mixed feed for an aromatization reactor (`fourth bed`) which feed is proportioned to provide a substantially heat-balanced reaction in the aromatization reactor, that is, requiring no additional heat other than that which is provided by the feed and the heat of reaction. A second regenerator (`fifth bed`) is provided for the aromatization reactor, preferably in a moving bed reactor system. This reactor produces a predominately aromatic hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Sulfurized olefins having no detectable reactive olefinic bonds, particularly sulfurized isobutylene, are reacted with dihydrocarbyl phosphates or phosphites. The resulting product is useful as an extreme pressure and wear additive for lube oil compositions.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is disclosed in which octane improvement is attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 bound in a matrix chosen such that the matrix component forms a thermodynamically favored compound with selected cations. Sustained catalytic activity is achieved by pre-exchanging the catalyst to a high level of selected cation loading. By extending the active life of the additive catalyst, markedly lower makeup catalyst addition rates are required.

Abstract: Heat transfer is improved and maintenance down time is decreased by a method for collecting particulates on a hinged perforate strainer at the inlet of a sump pump in a circulating water system. An improved sump pump strainer apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are lubricant compositions containing a lubricant and:(a) the reaction product of a metal dihydrocarbylaromatic sulfonate and a dialkyl or trialkyl phosphite; or(b) the reaction product of a metal dialkylnaphthalene sulfonate and a dialkyl or trialkyl phosphite and further containing an acid or acid supplying component; or(c) an unreacted mixture of dialkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and a dialkyl or trialkyl phosphite.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a fixed bed reactor, a method of loading catalyst into the reactor to minimize plugging and to improve the uniformity of fluid flow across the reactor, and a hydrotreating process employing the novel reactor. The system utilizes removable partition forms and/or permanent interbed baskets to create gradual transition zones between catalyst layers and to significantly increase the open area available for flow at the interface of such zones.

Abstract: Films having a core of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) sandwiched between polyolefin, e.g. polypropylene are coextruded so that the polyolefin also encapsulates the EVOH layer on the side edges. The films which can contain adhesive layers are oriented greater than 4 greater in the machines direction and greater than 7 greater in the transverse direction to give excellent oxygen and moisture barrier properties.

Abstract: A moving-bed catalytic process is disclosed for converting C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 aliphatic hydrocarbons to high-octane gasoline. By controlling the reaction severity in sequential reaction zones, yield of high quality gasoline is increased.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which provides improved control over the noble-metal exchange of zeolite catalyst by using bulky organic bases to control pH during the metal loading step.

Abstract: A fluidized bed catalytic process is disclosed for the conversion of light olefinic gas feedstock to produce hydrocarbons rich in C.sub.5 + liquids. Low temperature turbulent fluidized bed regeneration preserves the acid activity of the catalyst thus reducing catalyst makeup requirements.

Abstract: High density polyethylene (HDPE) films, preferably containing blends of HDPE resins or microcrystalline wax, are oriented up to about two times in the machine direction and six times or more in the transverse direction to give films having good dead-fold and water vapor transmission characteristics making them highly suited for packaging, particularly for dry foods when coated with or coextruded with a heat sealable layer, e.g. Surlyn.

Abstract: A process for converting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 non-aromatic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics by contacting the feed with a zinc-containing medium pore size zeolite catalyst in a conversion zone, comprising adding at least one non-metal oxide or sulfide to the feed in an amount effective to prevent elution of zinc from the zinc-containing zeolite catalyst.