Abstract: A process is disclosed for upgrading C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 olefin-containing gasoline to a high octane motor gasoline blending component.C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins are hydrated to alcohols and then selectively removed from the aqueous hydration reactor effluent stream via liquid extraction with the gasoline feedstream. The alcohol enriched gasoline extract stream is then etherified and unreacted alcohols are extracted to yield a high octane gasoline blending component free of metal-bearing additives.

Abstract: Liquid olefin oligomers are produced by the oligomerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alpha olefin alone or with ethylene as a co-monomer. The oligomers having high viscosity index and a structure which is characterized by a regio-irregularity of at least 20 percent, usually from 20 to 40 percent. The olefins are oligomerized with a reduced valence state chromium oxide catalyst on a silica support, usually at a temperature from 90.degree. to 250.degree. C., although lower temperatures can also be used with ethylene as a con-monomer. The liquid oligomerization products can be produced in wide range of viscosities including the direct production of low viscosity lubricants having high viscosity index.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed to reduce the amount of unstripped hydrocarbon flowing to the regenerator in an FCC unit. The catalyst stripper section is heated by indirect heat exchange with a mixture of hot regenerator flue gas and regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for increasing heat transfer efficiency between a conduit and a gas flowing through the conduit by fluidizing in the gas stream a Geldart Type A powder having controlled fines content. The invention further provides a method for integrating two fluid beds to transfer heat from a heat source to a fluid-bed reaction zone.

Abstract: The C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefin yield is unexpectedly increased while coke and heavy aromatics production are decreased by the addition of a propane-rich supplemental feedstream in a process for catalytically upgrading C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffinic feedstreams. Further benefits include increased conversion of the C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffinic feedstream, decreased coke production and prolonged catalyst useful life. Udex raffinate is a particularly preferred feedstream.

Abstract: Operational flexibility of a fluid catalytic cracking process is improved by directly cooling regenerated catalyst in an external catalyst cooler/stripper (ECCS). Regenerated catalyst withdrawn from the catalytic cracking unit regenerator is mixed with spent catalyst from the reactor stripper to effect desorption of cracked products from the spent catalyst at elevated temperature. The catalyst mixture is then contacted with an alkane-containing feedstream in a fluid bed maintained within a central section of the external catalyst cooler/stripper (ECCS). The mixture of spent and regenerated catalyst, cooled by the endothermic dehydrogenation of the alkanes, then flows downward through the ECCS to a lower section of the ECCS where the catalyst is countercurrently stripped with steam to remove remaining entrained hydrocarbons. Steam is withdrawn from an upper section of the steam stripping zone and bypassed around the dehydrogenation/stripping and mixing stages to avoid steam deactivation of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricant additive and lubricant composition comprising the copolymer of 1-vinyladamantane and 1-alkene having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, said copolymer having a Viscosity Index of at least 80 and a kinematic viscosity of at least 6 cS at 212.degree. F. The invention further provides a catalytic method for the preparation of such a copolymer useful as a lubricant stock. In a preferred embodiment of the composition, the 1-alkene is 1-decene. Suitable polymerization catalysts include both acid and coordination catalysts. Useful coordination catalysts include Group VIA metals on an inert support, for example, chromium oxide supported on silica, or Ziegler-Natta catalysts such as TiCl.sub.4 and aluminum alkyl, while useful acid catalysts include BF.sub.3 and AlCl.sub.3, and their appropriate co-catalysts.

Abstract: Yield is improved in a fluid-bed catalytic paraffin aromatization process by tailoring heat transfer to match the endothermic heat load within the fluid bed.

Abstract: Polymers are disclosed which comprise monomer units bonded through octahedrally disposed atoms of the monomers. Adamantane exemplifies the skeletal structure of such monomers.

Abstract: An improved fluid-bed reaction apparatus is disclosed in which feedstock is preheated and may be at least partially converted by contacting the feedstock with spent catalyst in a preheat zone. Additional benefits include a reduction in catalyst poisons and coke production in the reaction zone. By contacting the fresh feed with hot spent catalyst, at least a portion of the coke which would otherwise form in the reactor is deposited on the spent catalyst. Temporary catalyst poisons are also sorbed onto the spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is then withdrawn from the preheat zone, stripped of entrained hydrocarbon and regenerated.

Abstract: Alkylated polycycloparaffinic compounds useful as lubricating stocks are prepared by alkylating a polycycloparaffinic compound with an alkylating agent under alkylation reaction conditions in the presence of a zeolite catalyst. Useful zeolites include zeolite Beta as well as zeolites having a Constraint Index of from about 1 to about 10, such as ZSM-5 and MCM-22. In a preferred embodiment, the polycycloparaffin comprises adamantane and the alkylating agent is a C.sub.14 alpha-olefin.

Abstract: Aliphatics are aromatized in a two-stage catalytic upgrading process. In the first stage, aliphatic hydrocarbons are at least partially cracked and dehydrogenated to form an intermediate product stream. The extent and selectivity of the cracking and dehydrogenation reactions are preferably controlled to maintain heat balance in a second stage catalytic aromatization step.In a preferred embodiment, a first aliphatic feedstream is cracked and dehydrogenated to form an intermediate product stream. The intermediate product stream is then mixed with a second aliphatic feedstream and contacted with a zeolite aromatization catalyst. Cracking and dehydrogenation of the first aliphatic feedstream is controlled to provide heat balanced aromatization of the combined streams.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons in a transport or sub-transport fluidized bed reaction zone. Inert particles are used to transfer heat to the reaction zone. The particles may be heated separately from the catalyst in a combustion zone or together with the catalyst in a regenerator. Fuel is fired to heat the inert particles or a mixture of catalyst and inert particles. Hydrogen deficient fuels such as charcoal or coke are preferred.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of an aliphatic feedstream in which an oxygen-deficient flue gas is used to directly transfer heat to the primary conversion reaction. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the primary conversion reactor effluent are converted to methanol or Fischer-Tropsch liquid and may be recycled to the primary conversion reactor. Preferred primary conversion reactions include dehydrogenation and aromatization of aliphatics.

Abstract: Heavy resid oils are upgraded by a thermal treatment under liquid coking conditions to evolve two at least partially immiscible liquid phases. The lighter gas oil phase is then separated from the heavier liquid coke phase by decantation.

Abstract: The endothermic heat of reaction for zeolite-catalyzed paraffin aromatization is provided by a co-fed oxygenate stream. Advantageously, the addition of a dehydrogenation metal to the zeolite reduces the reaction temperature for paraffin aromatization to a range suitable for the exothermic conversion of an oxygenate to C.sub.5 + gasoline. Preferred paraffinic feedstreams include C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 LGP and the preferred oxygenate is methanol.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions of matter and methods of making the same are disclosed, said polymeric compositions comprising at least one monomer having the structure of one selected from the group consisting of diamantane, triamantane and the higher adamantalogs, said monomer being bonded through at least one double bond extending through a methylene position of said monomer.

Abstract: Diamondoid compounds are concentrated in a solvent mixture containing at least 20% by weight of normal and slightly branched C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 paraffins by selectively converting the paraffins to lower boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons and separating the lower boiling aliphatics from the solvent mixture to yield a concentrated solvent mixture enriched in diamondoid compounds. Useful shape selective catalysts include zeolites having Constraint Indices from about 1 to about 12, such as ZSM-5 and MCM-22.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for locating a solvent injection apparatus within a natural gas wellbore to reduce the deposition of hydrocarbonaceous solids which are at least partially soluble in the solvent.

Abstract: A fluid bed catalytic paraffin upgrading process is disclosed. By closely controlling catalyst particle size distribution and density, together with feedstock superficial vapor velocity, the fluid bed is maintained in a turbulent flow regime. Surprisingly, maintaining the fluid bed in a turbulent flow regime shifts the product selectivity away from methane and ethane and toward the more valuable products hydrogen, light olefins and C.sub.5 + gasoline. In the most preferred embodiment, the catalyst contains a dehydrogenation metal component such as gallium, zinc, platinum or rhenium to provide a C.sub.5+ gasoline product rich in aromatics. Catalysts useful in the inventive process include zeolites as well as layered siliceous materials.