Abstract: A device is described for detecting a magnification error in an optical imaging system comprising a lens system (L.sub.1, L.sub.2) which is telecentric at one side. Two gratings (RG.sub.1, RG.sub.2) arranged in the object plane (MA) are imaged onto two gratings (WG.sub.1, WG.sub.2) arranged in the image plane (W; WT) and the radiation beams (b.sub.1, b.sub.2) by means of which these images are formed are incident on two radiation-sensitive detection systems (D.sub.1, D.sub.2) which supply periodic signals (S.sub.1, S.sub.2). By phase comparison of these signals a magnification error (S.sub.ME) and, if desired, a focussing error can be measured very accurately.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data bus connector or a connector for another complex high-speed electronic application. In accordance with the invention, the connector comprises a plurality of substrates (4, 5, 6) which are arranged at a plurality of mutually substantially parallel levels. Active circuits (10) are mounted on the substrates (4, 5, 6) and are connected between input pins (2) to be connected to an external connector and pins (1) which are to be soldered to a printed circuit card (28). The connector pins (2) are straight and secured flat against the edge of the substrates (4, 5, 6) carrying the active circuits (10); the spacing between two substrates thus corresponds to that between two rows of pins. The pins (1) to be soldered extend perpendicularly to the pins (2) of the connector and are also secured to the substrates.

Abstract: A multifunctional cassette (1) for a printer (131), in which the cassette (1) that can be arranged in the printer (131) is provided with first, second and third chambers (31, 35, 37). The second chamber (35) and the first chamber (31) can accommodate a supply reel (59) and a takeup reel (57), respectively, for transport of a color transfer strip (55) past the printing head (143), while the third chamber (37) can comprise a supply of a data strip (41) to be transported along the printing head (143). Pins (103, 105) brake the web when the cassette is not in the printer. Whether using or not using the first and second chambers (31, 35), the multifunctional use of the cassette (1) becomes possible for different types of printers, such as black-and-white printers and color printers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a weighing element for a weighing apparatus, comprising an elongated plate-shaped ceramic bending element (1) provided with strain-gauge transducers, one end (2) of the bending element being secured to a frame (6) of the weighing element, the free other end being secured to a torque lead-in arm (10), said bending element being supported by the frame and by the arm at a distance a from said one end and said other end, respectively. In order to increase the accuracy of the weighing element it is proposed to make the frame and arm supports (8, 13) resilient in the longitudinal direction of the bending element.

Abstract: A bipolar semiconductor device with interdigitated emitter and base regions has a sub-region of the base, which has a shorter carrier recombination time than the major part of the base region due to the presence of argon ion implantation induced carrier recombination centers. The sub-region of the base is located centrally with respect to the emitter region to intercept the transient current lines during device turn-off and so to promote collapse of the transient current and the avoidance of second breakdown of the device. The centrally located sub-region of the base is remote from the emitter region edges to collector region current flow when the device is on. The ions may be implanted at energies between 50 keV and 3 MeV and at doses between 10.sup.11 ions cm.sup.-2 and 10.sup.14 ions cm.sup.-2. The implanatation mask may be provided by photolithographically processed resist having a thickness between 0.5 .mu.m and 4 .mu.m dependant on the ion implantation energy.

Abstract: A positioning device for manipulation of objects, provided with an object holder (5) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (.theta.) by means of a .theta.-manipulator and is displaceable by translation along a Z-axis coinciding with the axis of rotation (.theta.) by means of a Z-manipulator. The two manipulators are coupled to each other by means of a separator (17, 153) in such a manner that the .theta.-movement and the Z-movement are independent of each other. The positioning device is particularly suitable for manipulation of objects in the submicron range, such as takes place, for example, in optical lithographic devices according to the invention.

Abstract: The mask part 41 includes a substrate 1, a patterning means 40 and a photoemissive layer 6. The patterning means 40 includes a mask pattern 2, 3 of apertures 3 and masking areas 2 and a modifying layer 4. Ultraviolet radiation 56 is patterned by patterning means 40 before effecting electron emission 60 from the photoemissive layer 6. There is electron emission from over the apertures 3 and the masking areas 2 as the masking areas are partially transparent to incident ultraviolet radiation. The ultraviolet transmitted by the apertures and the masking areas is modified in intensity dependent on the thickness R of the modifying layer. The resuting electron emission 60 is in a patterned beam which forms a proximity effect corrected electron image of the mask pattern in the electron sensitive resist layer 63. The masking areas 2 of chromium and the modifying layer 4 of resist may be made by modifications of known methods of chromium deposition and resist exposure and development.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device in which the base resistance is minimized to increase the speed of operation of the device. This is accomplished because the device made by the method makes it possible to form the base and emitter contacts next to each other laterally but spaced vertically.

Abstract: A collapsible reel (31) composed of two identical reel halves (1, 1') each comprising a flat annular flange (3, 3') having a central opening (5, 5') and a number of annular segments (7, 7') which are bounded by loop-shaped incisions (9, 9') and which are joined to the flange (3, 3') by a folding rib. Each segment (7, 7') is subdivided by a hinge rib into a securing vane (15, 15') and a bridge part (17, 17'). By means of the securing vanes (15, 15'), the two flanges (3, 3') are joined. The folding ribs (11, 11') and the hinge ribs (13, 13') are arranged so that the reel (31) can be extended merely by a relative rotational movement of the two flanges (3, 3').

Abstract: The invention relates to a needle printing head (1) comprising a number of printing units (2). Each printing unit (2) is provided with a spring (9) supporting an armature (6) and a printing needle (10). The armature (6) is included in a magnetic field path comprising both a permanent magnet (4) and an electromagnet (7) provided with a core (8). Each spring (9) has one rigidly fastened end and one freely swinging end. According to prior art needle printing heads, the springs are so fixed that essentially the hole bending takes place in one single point in direct connection to the rigidly fastened end. This puts high requirements upon the spring material and the risk of material fatigue is great. According to the invention the bending of the spring (9) does not take place in one signal point, but it distributed along at least a first length adjacent to the fastening point. This distributed fastening is obtained by means of a supporting means (5.

Abstract: In a high-frequency circuit arrangement, passive parts of the circuit are realized in a semiconductor body in which active circuit elements of another semiconductor material are located in recesses in the semiconductor body. When the semi-conductor body is at least in part low-ohmic, a reference plane, for example, the ground plane, can extend very close to the elements of the circuit arrangement. Consequently, due to the shorter connections required, parasitic effects are considerably reduced. When only one active element is mounted and only connections for this element are formed on the semiconductor body, a very suitable support for mounting and measurement is obtained.

Abstract: A device having a core that comprises a bar-shaped leg (1) of amorphous ferromagnetic metal which is surrounded by a coil (7), and a yoke (3) which magnetically interconects the end portions of the leg and which is made of ferrite. The cross-sectional area of the yoke (3) is at least twice as large as that of the leg (1). This construction combines the advantages of the low core losses of amorphous metal and a low cost price.

Abstract: An opto-lithographic device comprising a lens system (13) arranged between a mask support (25) and a substrate table (33) and telecentric on one side, the lens system (13) and the mask support (25) being secured to a first holder (21) and a second holder (23), respectively, which can be displaced both simultaneously and relatively by means of a first actuator (183, 187, 189) and a second actuator (197, 199) for adjustment of focusing and enlargement. The invention provides the possibility of a simple correction of focusing and enlargement when this focusing and this enlargement are varied inter alia due to pressure or temperature variations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of impressing channels having a cross-sectional area of less than 1 mm.sup.2, notably less than 3000 .mu.m.sup.2, into the surface of an object, notably for the formation of damping channels of ink jet printer heads. The impression of channels having a small cross-sectional area can be performed with high precision by inserting a wire-shaped element (5) between the surfaces of the object (2) and of a plane die (1) in the position of the channel (3, 4, 12) to be formed, after which the die (1) is pressed until it contacts the surface of the object (2).

Abstract: A continuous time electrical filter fabricated as an integrated circuit includes capacitors (CF,CN) and resistors (R1,R2). Since capacitors and resistors are difficult to integrate with accurately defined values, a trimming circuit is provided which operates switches (S1-SN) to select appropriate ones of the capacitors (CN) to accurately define the cut-off frequency of the filter. The trimming circuit comprises a capacitor (TC2) which is charged through a resistor TR1 during a first period and which is discharged in incremental steps by capacitor (TC1). The number of incremental steps is counted by a counter (11) and transferred to a register (13). The outputs (S1-SN) of the register (13) control the switches (S1-SN). Alternatively the values of the filter resistors may be adjusted, a convenient procedure being to short out selected portions of the resistors. More than one capacitor or resistor may be adjusted using a single counter and register.

Abstract: The ink-jet printer contains an ink-jet nozzle (1) connected to a pressure chamber (5) which is recessed in a body (7) and is covered with a diaphragm (13, 15) on which a driving element (17) is fitted. The diaphragm contains an outer plate (13) on which the driving element (17) is fitted and an inner plate (15) provided with an oblong opening (19) which extends between the pressure chamber (5) and the ink-feed channel (11). The opening (19) forms a narrow passage with very accurately defined dimensions between the ink-feed channel (11) and the pressure chamber (5).