Abstract: A method for clarification and concentration of grape musts. Harvested and picked-up and crushed grapes are placed in a vinification vat, from which comes a must. The must then passes on to an apparatus where the solid phase and the liquid phase of the must are separated; and then the liquid phase is introduced into a flotation apparatus where it is clarified. The clarified must is then conveyed to a vat connected to a reverse osmosis concentration loop.

Abstract: An object of the invention is a device for interconnection between an integrated circuit and an electrical circuit, such as a printed circuit. This device has, depending on the desired interconnection, an insulating platelet or several, stacked insulating platelets. Each of the platelets is crossed by a pre-determined number of electricity conducting channels without offset and by a pre-determined, non-zero number of electricity conducting channels with an offset in the plane of the platelet and in a direction that is prefixed and proper to the platelet. Selected conduction routes are established by burning out the non-selected channels. The device is placed between the active face of the integrated circuit and the electrical circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device enabling the selective, simultaneous triggering of high energy detonators, using no sensitive pyrotechnical device, such as exploding wire detonators or slappers. The device comprises, for each of the detonators, an electrical triggering chain comprising a capacitor used to deliver energy sufficient to trigger each of the detonators. It comprises a single energy source generating a pulse and a single switch to apply the pulse to each electrical triggering chain. Means to inactivate the corresponding chain are applied before the commutation of the switch so as to make those detonators that are not to be triggered inoperative.

Abstract: A depresser designed to keep a fish, towed by a ship, submerged comprises a flat swept wing joined to the towing cable by means of three suspenders making it possible to set it at an optimal angle of incidence. This enables a fish to be towed at a high speed which may go up to 30 knots while, at the same time, keeping it at a substantially constant depth of submersion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the fabrication of chip cards. These cards are flat and undergo a high degree of deformation under bending and twisting stresses, when the user does not take any special precautions in their use. A micromodule is housed in a cavity of the card, and this micromodule is fixed by the natural adhesion between the plastic material of the bottom of the cavity and the coating resin of the integrated circuit of the module. To prevent the micromodule from being torn off during a bending stress undergone by the card, there is provision for at least one overhang by which the upper surface of the card covers an edge of the micromodule to limit the movements of said micromodule.

Abstract: The device disclosed by the invention is associated with an element to be mounted in a wall, by insertion in a hole bored in the wall.It comprises a longitudinal body (4), centring and lateral stabilizing means (7') and longitudinal locking means consisting of a collar (5') and peripheral resiliently retractable portions (10') having a step shaped cut-out (11') so as to form a succession of interrupted circular shoulders so that after insertion the edge of the reception hole in the wall is automatically engaged bweteen the collar (5') and the shoulder whose longitudinal spacing from the collar is the closest, upwardly, of the thickness of the wall.The device may be integrated in the element to be fixed or consist of a sleeve (1'). With the device, an element may be quickly fixed while working from only one side of the wall.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns digital telephone sets and, more particularly, those with amplified listening facility and "hands free" telephones. To fulfil the function of the anti-Larsen effect needed in these telephones, there is need for a signal envelope detector which gives a measurement of the mean level of the signal emitted or received on the line. According to the disclosure, the cofidec present in the digital telephones is used to establish an envelope detection system with logarithmic compression. This removes the need to do a logarithmic detection on the analog speech signal. Such a detection would necessitate diodes, upside down with respect to each other, which can be made, particularly, only through bipolar technology. A series/parallel converter, a digital comparator and a counter having a countdown frequency which is far slower than the counting frequency, fulfils the signal envelope detection function.

Abstract: A radiological image detector of the type formed by a matrix of photosensitive elements, associated with a light source, enables a resetting of the voltages at the terminals of the photosensitive elements, the light source and the photosensitive matrix being connected to each other so as to give the image detector a particularly small thickness. To this end, the light source includes a stack of semiconducting layers forming at least one electroluminescent diode having, as its support, a substrate of the matrix.

Abstract: A chamber comprising an air humidification device is disclosed. This chamber comprises an improved humidification device. The chamber has a vessel containing water which gets evaporated to humidify the water of the chamber. When a refrigerated chamber is used, the water vapor gets condensed and solidifies in forming frost on an evaporator. Advantageously, the defrosting water is used to re-humidify the air of the chamber in making this water follow a path comprising projecting features and negative slopes. The non-evaporated defrosting water is either added to the tank or rejected outwards. The disclosed device can be applied chiefly to the humidification of chambers. It can be applied notably, to the humidification of refrigerated chambers such as, for example, chambers designed for the storage, keeping and aging of bottled wine. It can also be applied to refrigerated chambers for the storage of foodstuffs or photosensitive materials such as, for example, photographic films or photosensitive paper.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns electrically programmable memories and, notably, the memories known as EPROMs, EEPROMs, FLASH-EEPROMs. To increase the information storage capacity of a memory, it is proposed to define at least three (instead of two) sections of current coming from a cell to which reading voltages are applied. These sections correspond to n possible programmed states of the cell. Comparators define a piece of information stored, for example, in two-bit form on the outputs S1, S2. However, to ensure safety during the reading despite programming uncertainties, the cell is tested by means of additional comparators and, if the cell current measured for a programming level defined among n levels is too close to the current threshold that defines the programming threshold at this level, an operation for complementary programming of the cell is triggered.

Abstract: A method for testing electrically programmable memories is disclosed. To enable the measurement of the current of programmed cells and blank cells (and not only to check whether the cells are programmed or not), and to enable this measurement even after the memory has been encapsulated in a package, it is proposed herein to connect, in testing mode, the bit line of a cell to be tested with the programming terminals to which there is applied, in programming mode, the programming high voltage Vpp. A low voltage Vte is applied to this terminal in testing mode, and the current flowing between this terminal and the voltage source is measured. This current is the current of the tested cell.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns photosensitive matrices, and especially those using NIPIN or PINIP type phototransistors made of amorphous silicon. To prevent problems of remanence, due to the collecting of holes in the base after an illumination stage, it is proposed to follow the step for reading the illumination signal by a remanence erasure step in which the phototransistor is made conductive in forward or reverse bias, so as to inject, into the base, electrons which will eliminate the holes by recombination. Switching on by reverse bias proves to be more efficient than switiching on by forward bias. The invention is applicable notably to a matrix structure of rows and columns of photosensitive sites in which each site is formed by a NIPIN transistor made of amorphous silicon in series with a reading diode that may be put into reverse conduction.

Abstract: In a semi-conducting integrated circuit, there is made a light detection circuit, the output signal of which can be used to counter manipulations by dishonest persons who undertake a decapsulation or a removal from the card when the integrated circuit is inserted in a bank type card, or even a depassivation of the upper protective layer of this integrated circuit, in order to reveal the secret functioning of the circuit or to modify its characteristics. The detector comprises a current generator delivering a current of limited intensity which flows into a reversed biased electronic junction. When the junction is subjected to light, the reverse current that can be allowed into the junction increases. Since the current generator is not capable of putting through stronger current, the voltage at the terminals of the junction drops. This drop in voltage is used as information that reveals the illumination.

Abstract: Disclosed is an imaging device of the type which, notably, associates a scintillator screen and a matrix of photosensitive elements. The invention particularly concerns means which can be used to reduce an active surface of a photosensitive element to a far greater extent than the quantity of light to which this photosensitive element is exposed. To this end, the scintillator has an input screen and an output screen, respectively applied to an input face and an output face of the scintillator, the output screen being provided with apertures that let through a light emitted by the scintillator, the apertures being placed in a matrix arrangement and indexed on the network of photosensitive elements.

Abstract: A method for insertion of active components in chip cards. A card is made with a cavity, whose edges are formed from a material having shape memorization properties. The initial shape of the cavity at ordinary temperature is that of a basin having dimensions for housing an integrated circuit micromodule, with overhanging edges which do not allow the micromodule to go out of the cavity or to be inserted into the cavity. The card is then plastically deformed with the overhanging edges pushed back a sufficient distance and the integrated circuit micromodule is inserted. Finally, the card is heated to a temperature at which its shape memorization effect is displayed, and the plastically deformed edges of the cavity again become elastic and resume their initial overhanging shape.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns the reading of the photocharges generated by the illumination of a matrix of photosensitive dots. The dots are formed by a photosensitive diode in series with a reading diode, all between a row and a column of the matrix. To reduce the reading errors, there is provision to illuminate the photosensitive dots with a constant illumination which gets added to the illumination to be measured, thus creating driving charges that get added to the useful charge and facilitate its transfer to a reading register.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a substrate for an electrically controlled device such as a display screen, said substrate integrating non-linear elements and control elements of the elementary display points. The invention relates to the production of a substrate, in its active part, has non-linear elements associated with each image element and produced from amorphous silicon and, in its peripheral part, polycrystalline silicon controlled elements. Initially the substrate has amorphous silicon layers, the peripheral crystallization being obtained by annealing in a temperature gradient furnace.