Abstract: A refining unit treats heavy sweet charge oil with a methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a refractometer, a sulfur analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all sampling the heavy sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals. Sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the heavy sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers, the refractometer and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the heavy sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A refining unit treats heavy sour charge oil with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining extractor to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a sulfur analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the heavy sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals, a refractometer samples the charge oil and provides a signal corresponding to the RI, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the heavy sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers, the refractometer and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the heavy sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: High speed printing apparatus for printing on light sensitive material includes a circuit adapted to receive at least one input signal which provides a control signal in accordance with a received input signal. A laser scans the material and provides pulses of light which strike the material in accordance with the control signal so as to expose the light sensitive material at the point of striking. The exposed film is developed so as to provide a printed copy in accordance with the received input signal.

Abstract: A borehole pressure sensing system includes a tool having an outer shell having an end which enters a borehole, traversing an earth formation, first. The end has an opening extending from the interior of the tool to the borehole. A pressure sensitive device is inserted in the opening. Bourdon-tube apparatus is arranged with the pressure sensitive device so that as the borehole pressure changes the bourdon-tube apparatus will change its rotational position around the longitudinal axis of the opening. An encoder includes a mask having opaque and translucent areas and is affixed to the bourdon-tube apparatus so that as the bourdon-tube apparatus changes its position, the mask is rotated accordingly. A light grate, spatially related to the mask, divides a received light beam to provide a plurality of light beams in a manner to impinge on the mask. A transmission subsystem of light conductors comprises one conductor which conducts light from the surface to the grate.

Abstract: A furfural refining unit treats heavy sweet charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a flash point temperature analyzer, a sulfur analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the heavy sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the solvent flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the heavy sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the heavy sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A wide dynamic range automatic high speed gain ranging amplifier system includes a receiver circuit adapted to receive an analog input signal. A single stage amplifier is connected to the receiver circuit which amplifies a received analog signal to provide an output signal. A control circuit connected to the receiver circuit and to the amplifier controls the gain of the amplifier in accordance with the output signal and provides digital gain signals corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A well logging system includes a logging tool adapted to be passed through a borehole traversing an earth formation. The logging tool contains a sensor sensing a condition of the earth formation and providing electrical pulses corresponding in number and peak amplitude to the sensed condition. A first electrical pulse from the sensor occurring during each predetermined time period of a plurality of predetermined time periods, is stretched and then converted to parallel digital signals. A register receives the parallel digital signals and provides a serial digital signal in response to the shift pulses. A network provides an electrical synchronization pulse each time period prior to the occurrence of the shift pulses. A light emitting diode converts the synchronization pulses and the serial digital signals to corresponding light pulses. A cable including a fiber optic conductor transmits the light pulses uphole to the surface.

Abstract: A torque meter which measures the torque of a rotating shaft includes at least two sensors. Portions of each sensor are fixed to the shaft. The sensors provide shaft pulse signals at the same frequency but having a phase difference corresponding to the torque experienced by the shaft. A clock provides clock pulses. A detection network detects reverse rotation of the shaft in accordance with the shaft pulse signals and provides a detection signal. A circuit connected to the sensors and to the clock provides first groups of pulses in accordance with the shaft pulse signals so that the number of pulses in each group of the first group of pulses corresponds to the torque experienced by the shaft at a constant speed. A first counting network counts the pulses from the circuit.

Abstract: A torque meter for measuring the torque of a rotating shaft includes at least two sensing devices providing pulses corresponding to the rotation of the shaft. A pulse source provides clock pulses. A network connected to the sensors determines if the shaft is rotating in the proper direction and provides a signal accordingly. A circuit receiving the pulses from the sensors, the signal from the network and the clock pulses provides groups of clock pulses wherein the number of pulses in each group corresponds to the torque of the shaft when the shaft is rotating in the proper direction.

Abstract: A system for playing back a wide dynamic amplitude range analog signal that is digitized in floating point word form. The word being represented in digital signal form by the general algebraic form Q=.+-.AB.sup.-N where Q represents the amplitude of the analog signal, A represents the mantissa, B indicates the radix of the number system used, N represents the number of fixed gain amplifier steps, and is the exponent of B, each word is represented by a first plurality of binary bits representing N. The playback system includes a first converter receiving a reference voltage which converts the bits representing A to an interim analog signal. A second converter converts the bits representing N to a plurality of control signals. A resistor network is connected to ground and has N number of inputs and an output.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the wear of a shaft bearing includes a source of fluid, a valve, and a linear transducer. The transducer has a probe which may be urged aganst the shaft by admitting fluid from the source to a chamber in the transducer. As the probe is urged against the shaft, voltages provided by the transducer change in a relationship to the movement of the probe. The voltage change is monitored to measure the shaft bearing wear. Upon completion, the fluid is vented, which allows the probe to return to a rest position.

Abstract: A solvent refining unit treats medium sour charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a flash point temperature analyzer, a sulfur analyzer, a refractometer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the medium sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the furfural flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the medium sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers, the refractometer and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the medium sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A refining unit treats light sour charge oil with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining extractor to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a sulfur analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all sampling the light sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals. Sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the extractor and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of its light sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the light sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A furfural refining unit treats light sweet charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a flash point temperature analyzer, a sulfur analyzer, and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the light sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the furfural flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the light sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the light sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A system controls a refining unit in which the refining unit includes an extractor receiving N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, and charge oil, one of which is at a predetermined flow rate while the other flow rate is to be controlled and providing raffinate and extract mix. The control system includes sensors sensing the flow rate, the gravity, the viscosity, the refractive index and the sulfur content of the charge oil. Other sensors sense the flow rate of the MP and the temperature of the extract mix. The signals from the sensors are provided to control apparatus which controls the other flow rate of the charge oil and the MP flow rates in accordance with the signals from the sensors.

Abstract: A solvent refining unit treats medium sour charge oil with an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in an extractor to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the and from the extract mix and returned to the refining extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a sulfur analyzer, a refractometer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the medium sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the extractor and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the medium sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers, the refractometer and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the medium sour charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A furfural refining unit treats heavy sour charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a flash point temperature analyzer, a sulfur analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the heavy sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the furfural flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the heavy sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the heavy sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A furfural refining unit treats light sour charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a flash point temperature analyzer and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the light sour charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the furfural flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of its light sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the light sour charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A well logging system provides at least one output corresponding to a condition sensed in a borehole traversing an earth formation. The well logging system includes a logging instrument which includes a sensor sensing the condition and providing electrical pulses corresponding in number and peak amplitude to the sensed condition. A converting circuit connected to the sensors converts each electrical pulse into a light pulse whose intensity corresponds to the peak amplitude. A well logging cable connected to the logging instrument includes a light conductor. The logging instrument further includes a circuit for applying the light pulses to one end of the light conductor. Surface apparatus includes a converter connected to the other end of the light conductor for converting each light pulse into a corresponding electrical pulse having a peak amplitude representative of the intensity of the light pulse.

Abstract: A system controls a furfural refining unit in which the furfural refining unit includes an extractor receiving furfural and charge oil, one of which is at a predetermined flow rate while the other flow rate is to be controlled and providing raffinate and extract mix. The control system includes sensors sensing the flow rate, the gravity, the viscosity, the flash point temperature, the refractive index and the sulfur content of the charge oil. Other sensors sense the flow rate of the furfural and the temperature of the extract mix. The signals from the sensors are provided to control apparatus which controls the other flow rate of the charge oil and the furfural flow rates in accordance with the signals from the sensors.