Abstract: A furfural refining unit treates medium sweet charge oil with a furfural solvent in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The furfural is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a refractometer and viscosity analyzer, all analyzing the medium sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the furfural flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the medium sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the medium sweet charge oil and the furfural flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A torque meter which measures the torque of a rotating shaft includes at least two sensors. Portions of each sensor are fixed to the shaft. The sensors provide shaft pulse signals at the same frequency but having a phase difference corresponding to the torque experienced by the shaft. A clock provides clock pulses. A circuit connected to the sensors and to the clock provides first groups of pulses in accordance with the shaft pulse signals so that the number of pulses in each group of the first group of pulses corresponds to the torque experienced by the shaft at a constant speed. A first counting network counts the pulses from the circuit. Another circuit connected to the clock provides second groups of pulses and is responsive to the speed of shaft rotation so that a ratio of a group of pulses from the first group of pulses to a corresponding group of pulses from the second group of pulses averages out errors due to the shaft rotation and the sensors.

Abstract: Electrical energy is induced into an earth formation by a transmitter in apparatus, adapted to be passed through a borehole traversing the earth formation. Clock pulses are also provided in the apparatus. At least two receivers provide signals corresponding to received electrical energy from the earth formation. A gating circuit provides groups of clock pulses in accordance with the signals from the receivers so that the number of clock pulses in each group corresponds to the dielectric constant of the earth formation.

Abstract: Apparatus provides a signal corresponding to a miscibility temperature for a solvent-oil mixture in a solvent refining unit. The apparatus includes a circuit receiving signals related to flow rates of solvent and charge oil for the solvent refining unit. The circuit provides a signal corresponding to the solvent dosage. A network provides the miscibility temperature signal in accordance with the solvent dosage signal from the circuit.

Abstract: A torque meter for measuring the torque of a rotating shaft includes at least two sensing devices providing pulses corresponding to the rotation of the shaft. A pulse source provides clock pulses. A circuit receiving th pulses from the sensors and the clock pulses provides groups of clock pulses wherein the number of pulses in each group corresponds to the torque of the shaft.

Abstract: A reflection seismic exploration system is disclosed which effectively reduces the influence of near surface irregularities, without actually knowing or measuring these irregularities, and accurately determines the velocity of a seismic signal between two reflectors, the normal travel time in the layer between the reflectors, and the thickness of the layer. Two consecutive shots, spaced apart along the surface, are fired into the same spread of detectors.

Abstract: Apparatus monitors the wear of a propeller shaft bearing such as may be found in a tanker, or any other ship, while it is in service. As the shaft is rotating a sensor provides a signal corresponding to the displacement of the shaft with respect to its longitudinal axis. The displacement signal is applied to an averaging network which provides a signal corresponding to the average displacement to a recorder. The recording of the average displacement signal permits determination of wear of the shaft bearing.

Abstract: A data transmission system, for a well logging system having a logging tool logging a borehole traversing an earth formation and surface equipment adjacent to the borehole for making a well log, includes a sync word generator located in the logging tool, which periodically provides a predetermined digital signal corresponding to at least one sync word. A phase encoder located in the logging tool receives the data in serial digital form and the sync word. The phase encoder provides a phase encoded signal, corresponding to the data and to the sync word, at a predetermined frequency. A cable drive receives the phase encoded signal and provides it to a cable for transmissin up-hole. The surface equipment includes a phase decoder connected to the cable for decoding the phase coded signal to provide at a serial digital signal. An output circuit at the surface provides parallel digital signals in accordance with the serial digital signal corresponding to the sync words and the data.

Abstract: A received analog input signal is applied to a programmable amplifier. The amplifier is controlled by digital signals and by preselected gain of its individual stages to provide an analog signal corresponding to the received input signal. The digital signals are provided by digital signal means in accordance with the analog signal from the programmable amplifier and as such correspond to the logarithm of the received input signal.

Abstract: A dielectric well logging system includes a logging tool adapted to be passed through a borehole traversing an earth formation. The logging tool includes a transmitter which induces electric energy into the earth formation at a radio frequency. Two receivers in the logging tool spaced a predetermined distance apart provides intermediate frequency signals corresponding to the electrical energy received from the earth formation. The intermediate frequency signals are transmitted by way of a cable to the surface. Surface electronics include zero crossing detectors, each detector receives a different intermediate frequency signal from the cable and provides a detector signal whose change in amplitude is representative of the intermediate frequency signal passing through zero. A source provides clock pulses at a frequency substantially greater than the frequency of the intermediate frequency signals.

Abstract: An analyzer for analyzing the flash point of a product in a process comprising a steam stripper receiving a stream of material and receiving steam includes sensors sensing the temperatures of the material, the steam and the product which provide corresponding signals. Other sensors sense the flow rates of the material, the steam, and the product and provide corresponding signals. The pressure in the top of the stripper is also sensed and a corresponding signal provided. Apparatus samples the product and provides signals corresponding to at least two predetermined parameters of the product. A circuit receiving the signals from the sensors, and from the apparatus provide a signal corresponding to the flash point temperature of the product in accordance with the signals from the sensors and the apparatus.

Abstract: Means and method for energizing and regulating a neutron generator tube having a target, an ion source and a replenisher includes providing a negative high voltage to the target and monitoring the target current. A constant current from a constant current source is divided into a shunt current and a replenisher current in accordance with the target current. The replenisher current is applied to the replenisher in a neutron generator tube so as to control the neutron output in accordance with the target current.

Abstract: A logging system employs an armored multiconductor coaxial cable, including an inner conductor, a shield and conductive outer armor and in which the shield, encompassing the inner conductor, comprises a plurality of conductors which includes groups of conductors, each group being separated from another group by an insulator. A distribution circuit has capacitors connected between each shield conductor to improve transmission of a high frequency signal by the inner conductor and the shield conductors while low frequency signals and direct current voltages may be transmitted by the shield conductors and the conductive armor of the cable.A logging tool, including pulse neutron source, gamma ray detector and collar detector, is passed through a borehole traversing an earth formation. Data pulses corresponding in number and amplitude to detected gamma radiation are provided by the gamma ray detector to the inner conductor and to the plurality of conductors of the cable.

Abstract: Apparatus and method determines the time shift and total phase difference between two alternating current signals. A value .psi. (f) corresponding to the phase relationship between the two signals is determined for each frequency f contained in the two signals. A slope A and an ordinate section B of the best fitting straight line g(f)=Af + B through the totality of the values .psi. (f) so obtained is determined. The phase shift .psi..sub.o =B modulo (2.pi.) is determined from the ordinate section B and the time shift .tau. = A/2.pi. from the slope A.

Abstract: An amplifying channel provides amplified signals corresponding to a received wide dynamic range analog input signal such as provided by a geophone group. A plurality of level comparators which number one less than the number of amplified signals compare the amplified signals with reference signals corresponding to a predetermined range of a desired output signal. The comparators provide outputs corresponding to the comparison to logic circuitry which develop sampling signals. The amplified signals from the amplified channel are also provided to a plurality of switches which are controlled by sampling pulses provided by the logic circuitry to sample an amplified signal within the range defined by the reference signals and provide it as the analog output signal. The analog output signal is converted to digital signals which are provided with other digital signals corresponding to the gain relationship between the analog output signal and the received analog input signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring oil flowing in a pipe include continuously sampling the cil to provide a stream of sample oil. The temperature of the sample oil is changed by a predetermined amount. The acoustical velocity of the sample oil is determined prior to the temperature change and after the temperature change by sensors providing corresponding signals. A circuit provides a signal corresponding to the water content of the oil in accordance with the acoustical velocity and the known temperature change.

Abstract: A solvent refining unit is controlled so that it has a maximum allowable solvent flow rate or a maximum allowable extract oil flow rate. The temperature of the extract-mix in the refining tower, the flow rate of the charge oil, the flow rate of the solvent and the flow rate of the extract oil are sensed by sensors which provide corresponding signals. A circuit provides signals corresponding to desired flow rates for the charge oil and the solvent and for a desired temperature for the extract-mix in the refining tower. The refining unit is operated in accordance with the desired signals so as to achieve either a maximum allowable flow rate for the solvent or a maximum allowable flow rate for the extract oil, or a maximum allowable flow rate for the refined oil, or a reduced charge oil flow rate for a fixed refined oil flow rate.

Abstract: Hereinafter disclosed is methodology and apparatus for converting wide dynamic amplitude range digital data recorded in floating point digital word form, comprising a binary coded mantissa and a binary coded exponent, to an analog signal or visible display such as an oscillogram or "wiggle trace" of selectively compressed dynamic amplitude range. The digital word occupying a number of binary digit or bit positions is in algebraic form .+-. AG-E; wherein A represents the mantissa or argument; G represents the radix or base of the number system used; and, E represents an exponent. Since the radxi G is constant the only binary digits or bits that need to be recorded are those bits representing the mantissa A and the exponent E.

Abstract: A consistometer continuously measures the consistency of a stream of material flowing through it which is provided by apparatus manufacturing the material. The consistometer includes a resilient member located in the stream of material and a reference member located outside of the stream of material and both members rotate synchronously. Sensor spatially related to the rotating members provide corresponding signals. A circuit connected to the reference member sensor provides reference member pulses in accordance with the reference member sensor sensing the passage of the reference member and a second circuit connected to the resilient member sensor provides resilient member pulses in accordance with the resilient member sensor sensing passage of the resilient member. A network provides an output corresponding to the consistency of the material in accordance with the reference member pulses and the resilient member pulses.

Abstract: A consistometer continuously measures the consistency of a stream of material flowing through it which is provided by apparatus manufacturing the material. The consistometer includes a resilient member located in the stream of material and a reference member located outside of the stream of material and both members rotate synchronously. Sensors spatially related to the rotating member sensor provides reference member pulses in accordance with the reference member sensor sensing the passage of the reference member and a second circuit connected to the resilient member sensor provides resilient member pulses in accordance with the resilient member sensor sensing passage of the resilient member. A network provides an output corresponding to the consistency of the material in accordance with the reference member pulses and the resilient member pulses. The consistometer also includes circuitry for self calibration.