Abstract: A control system controls the temperature of kerosine/diesel fuel being charged to a reactor in a hydro-treating unit. The control system includes a heater which heats the kerosine/diesel fuel in accordance with a control signal corresponding to a desired temperature. A gravity analyzer senses the API gravity of the kerosine/diesel fuel and provides a corresponding signal. A sulfur analyzer senses the sulfur content of the kerosine/diesel and provides a representative signal. A boiling point analyzer senses the 50% boiling point temperature, the initial boiling point temperature and the end point temperature of the kerosine/diesel fuel and provides corresponding signals. A flow rate sensor provides a signal corresponding to the flow rate of the kerosine/diesel fuel entering the heater. A control signal circuit provides the control signal to the heater in accordance with the signals from the gravity analyzer, the sulfur analyzer, the boiling point analyzer and the flow rate sensor.

Abstract: An improved gain stabilization system for radioactivity well logging apparatus of the type having a scintillation crystal optically coupled to a photomultiplier, a light emitting diode driven by a pulser and furnishing scintillations to the photomultiplier located in a sonde resulting in a stabilization pulse which is provided to electronic circuitry at the surface for stabilization purposes. The improvement includes a temperature sensor located in the sonde and circuitry for maintaining the intensity of the light provided by the light emitting diode in response to the operation of the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A well logging system and method involves the use of a well logging tool in a borehole traversing an earth formation which includes a pulsed neutron generator periodically bombarding the earth formation with neutrons. A scintillation-type detector detects gamma radiation from the earth formation and provides electrical data pulses corresponding in pulse height and frequency to the detected gamma radiation. Another circuit provides synchronization/stabilization pulses which are time related to the neutron bombardments of the formation. A cable conducts the data pulses and the synchronization/stabilization pulses uphole to surface electronics. A receiver with surface electronics processes the pulses and provides them to a gate circuit which passes or blocks the data pulses and the synchronization/stabilization pulses in accordance with a gate signal. The passed pulses are provided to a pulse height analyzer.

Abstract: A monitor which provides a signal corresponding to the Universal Oil Product (UOP) characterization factor of a hydrocarbon stream includes apparatus for sampling a portion of the hydrocarbon stream. Other apparatus changes the temperature of the sample to a predetermined temperature. A viscosity analyzer receives the sample and provides a signal corresponding to the viscosity of the hydrocarbon stream at the predetermined temperature. A refractometer receives the sample and provides a signal corresponding to the refractive index of the hydrocarbon stream at the predetermined temperature. An output network connected to the viscosity analyzer and to the refractometer provides the signal corresponding to the UOP characterization factor in accordance with the signals from the viscosity analyzer and the refractometer.

Abstract: A copper liquor analyzer includes a sample cell through which a portion of a copper liquor stream passes. Light of a predetermined wavelength is passed through the copper liquor in the sample cell. A detector circuit receives the passed light from the sample cell and provides an output corresponding to the strength of the copper liquor in accordance with the received light.

Abstract: A Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplying circuit constructed for use in a slim hole well logging tool includes a plurality of capacitor packages having a first capacitor package, adapted to receive an input voltage, and a last capacitor package. A plurality of high voltage rectifier packages of which each rectifier package, except for a last rectifier package, are physically as well as electrically interconnected with two capacitor packages. The last rectifier package is connected to the last capacitor package so that all of the capacitor packages and all of the rectifier packages form an inline rigid body. Output terminals are connected to the last rectifier package for providing the high voltage developed by the capacitor packages and the rectifier packages in response to a received input voltage.

Abstract: A multi-stage fluid compressor has an input and an output line and variable volume cylinders. A plurality of actuators change the volumes of the cylinders in accordance with control signal. Sensors sense the pressure of fluid entering each stage and provide signals representative of the sensed pressures. Another sensor senses the pressure of the discharge fluid and provides a corresponding signal. A circuit connected to the actuators and to the sensors provides the control signals to the actuators in accordance with the pressure signals from the pressure sensors.

Abstract: A microwave water-in-crude monitor measures the percent quantity of water in crude oil flowing in a pipe line by causing the crude oil to flow through a measuring cell. A microwave transmitter is arranged with the measuring cell and transmits microwave energy through the measuring cell. A microwave receiver receives the energy transmitted through the measuring cell and provides a signal in accordance with the received energy. Apparatus connected to the microwave receiver provides a display of the water content of the crude oil in accordance with the signal from the microwave receiver.

Abstract: A microwave-gamma ray water-in-crude monitor measures the percent quantity of water in crude oil flowing in a pipe line by causing the crude oil to flow through a measuring cell. A microwave transmitter and a gamma ray source are arranged with the measuring cell and transmits microwave energy and gamma rays through the measuring cell. A microwave receiver and a gamma ray detector receive the energies transmitted through the measuring cell and provides signals in accordance with the received energies. Apparatus connected to the microwave receiver and to the gamma ray detector provide a display of the water content of the crude oil in accordance with the signals from the microwave receiver and the gamma ray detector.

Abstract: Hereinafter disclosed is methodology and apparatus for converting wide dynamic amplitude range digital data recorded in floating point digital word form, comprising a binary coded mantissa and a binary coded exponent, to an analog signal, or oscillogram, of selectively compressed and/or amplified dynamic amplitude range. The digital word, occupying a number of binary bit positions, is, in algebraic form, .+-.AG.sup.E ; where A represents the mantissa, or argument, G represents the base, or radix, of the number system used and E represents the exponent. Since the base G is constant, for example at 8, the only binary bits that need to be recorded are those representing the mantissa A and the exponent E. In reconverting the digital data to analog form for making an oscillogram, or wiggle trace, it is desired to selectively amplify and/or compress the dynamic range and, yet, at the same time avoid introducing serious distortion.

Abstract: A draw rate signal generator for an atmospheric crude distillation unit receiving crude oil and providing streams 1 through 5 and a reduced crude oil includes flow rate sensors sensing the flow rates of the crude oil and of streams 1 through 4 and providing corresponding signals. Analyzers sample the crude oil and provide signals corresponding to the 35% point temperature, the API gravity and the vapor pressure of the crude oil. End point analyzers sample streams Nos. 1 and 3 and provide signals representative of the end point temperatures of streams Nos. 1 and 3, respectively. 50% point analyzers sample streams 2, 3 and 4 and provide signals corresponding to the 50% point temperatures of streams Nos. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. A circuit connected to the sensors, to the crude analyzers, to the end point analyzers and to the 50% analyzers provide signals corresponding to the draw rates for streams Nos. 1 through 5 in accordance with signals from the sensors and analyzers.

Abstract: A control system controls the cupric ions content and the cuprous ions content of a copper liquor so as to control the strength of the copper liquor. The system includes a sensor sampling the copper liquor which provides a signal corresponding to the strength of the copper liquor. A network provides reference signals corresponding to an upper limit and a lower limit for the strength of the copper liquor. A comparison circuit compares the copper liquor strength signal with the reference signals and provides a signal corresponding to the comparison. Apparatus controls the addition of air to the copper liquor so as to control the cupric ion content and the cuprous ion content of the copper liquor in accordance with the comparison signal in the comparison circuit.

Abstract: A monitor determines the yields of constituents of a product provided by a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) receiving fresh feed and recycle feed. The monitor includes sensors providing signals corresponding to sensed operating parameters of the FCCU. Analyzers analyze the fresh feed and the recycle feed and provide signals corresponding to the API gravities of the fresh and recycle feeds and to the viscosities of the fresh and recycle feeds. A circuit provides signals corresponding to the Watson K factors associated with the fresh and recycle feeds and the catalyst in accordance with the signals from the analyzers and sensors. A network provides signals representative of the yields of the constituents of the product from FCCU. Display apparatus provides a visual display of the yields.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provides for an improvement to a system which converts wide amplitude range digital data recorded in floating point digital word form to analog signals within a limited amplitude range. The apparatus and method provides for the situation wherein the digital data can represent an analog signal for which on a general decrease in amplitude increases may be superimposed. The apparatus includes a digital/analog converter whose reference voltage is individually determined for each sample. This reference voltage is taken from a saw tooth oscillator at an instant of time determined by a delay timer which responds to changes, with respect to a desired average amplitude, of the actual amplitude of the converted data.

Abstract: Apparatus, for determining water saturation of a fluid in a core sample or flowing in a pipe, includes a sensor spacially arranged with the pipe or the core sample providing a signal whose frequency and amplitude corresponds to the water saturation. A circuit connected to the sensing means provides a difference signal corresponding to the voltage difference between the signal from the sensor and a reference level established for the signal from the sensor corresponding to substantially 100% water saturation. A local oscillator provides a local signal whose frequency corresponds to a substantially 100% water saturation condition. A mixer connected to the sensor and to the local oscillator provides a signal having a frequency that corresponds to the difference between the frequencies of the signals from the sensor and the local oscillator. A frequency to voltage converter connected to the mixer provides a signal whose amplitude corresponds to the frequency of the mixer's signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the wear of a shaft bearing includes a liquid, a source of fluid, a valve, sight gage and a transducer. The transducer has a probe which may be urged against the shaft by admitting fluid from the source to a chamber in the transducer. The liquid is in enclosed subsystem comprising the sight gage, an expandable chamber in the transducer and a connecting line. As the probe is urged against the shaft, the expandable chamber expands in a relationship to the movement of the probe. More liquid enters the expandable chamber, causing a corresponding decrease of liquid in the sight gage which is measurable. Upon completion, the fluid is vented, which allows the probe to return to a rest position.

Abstract: A refining unit treats light sweet charge oil with an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a sulfur analyzer, and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the light sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the light sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the light sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A copier provides output signals corresponding to subject matter on material being copied. The copier includes a light source which provides light pulses that impinge upon the material. The material provides light pulses to a light sensitive sensor in accordance with the subject matter on the material. The sensor provides electrical pulses on a one-for-one basis with the received light pulses from the material. An output circuit provides the output signals in accordance with the electrical pulses from the sensor.

Abstract: An MP refining unit treats medium sweet charge oil with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining extractor to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a refractometer and viscosity analyzer, all analyzing the medium sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the medium sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the medium sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A facsimile system includes a transmitter having a light source, which provides pulses of light, scans an original copy. The pulses of light impinge on the copy during each scan. A light responsive device spacially related to the copy receives pulses of light from the copy in accordance with the copy, and provides electrical pulses. A circuit in the transmitter provides output signals in accordance with the electrical pulses from the device. A pulse source in the transmitter provides synchronization pulses. The system also includes a receiver which has a network receiving the output signals and the synchronization pulses. The network provides electrical data pulses in accordance with the received output signals and electrical synchronization pulses in accordance with the received synchronization pulses. A control circuit connected to the network provides a control signal in accordance with the data pulses from the network.