Abstract: In order to detect a fault which would result in heating or fuming of a discharge tube lighting circuit and to break the lighting circuit, input voltage and current are measured and multiplied to compute the input power. The discharge tube 3 is extinguished when an input power reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing the effect of data voltages for the last display line of a liquid crystal display (LCD) on the first line of the display. Prior to a horizontal line period, immediately before a data signal for the last display line is transferred to a driver, and a scanning electrode for the first display line of the following frame is turned on, signal electrodes are precharged with a voltage corresponding to data for the first display line of the following frame.

Abstract: A driver for the TFT liquid crystal display panel is provided which can accommodate chip dispersion, and drift of temperature and supplied voltages. A reference voltage generated by a reference voltage generator is input by a control circuit to a display cell equivalent circuit driven by a buffer amplifier equivalent circuit and a control circuit, and its response is output from a TFT emulator circuit. Then, a difference detecting circuit compares the output and the reference voltage from the reference voltage generator, and outputs an output signal corresponding to its difference to a compensating circuit. The compensating circuit compensates analog video signals generated in the previous stage with such output. The compensated analog video signals are output to a TFT liquid crystal display panel through a sample hold circuit and a buffer amplifier.

Abstract: This invention relates to a reflection liquid crystal display device using a reflection liquid crystal light bulb and a method for fabricating such liquid crystal display devices, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display device and its manufacture wherein the numerical aperture of the subpixel is increased to improve the display brightness.

Abstract: A spectrometer is described with a new intensity detector for electromagnetic radiation. The detector comprises means for detecting the deflection of a cantilever which has a bimetallic/bimorph structure. The deflection is proportional to the absorbed amount of radiation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided which reduces the substrate cost and shortens the wiring length to drive elements thereby decreasing wiring resistance and load on the drive power supply. A pixel array board is also provided, as well as a manufacturing process and a method for forming an image with the pixel array board. A silicon substrate 1 is used as an LCD pixel array. A through hole is formed in the silicon substrate 1 by means of anisotropic etching or the like. Formed in the through hole are an insulating layer 5 and a wiring conductor layer (for example, Cr--Cu--Au layer) 8 with a predetermined pattern. The wiring conductor layer 8 is bonded to a conductor layer (for example, Cr--Cu--Au layer) 8' of a drive element 10 through a solder layer 9, or by means of thermo-compression bonding between the Cr--Cu--Au layer 8 and the Cr--Cu--Au layer 8' to connect the LCD pixel array on the surface of silicon substrate 1 to the drive element 10 and the like on the bottom of silicon substrate 1.

Abstract: Cache updates are made asynchronously between a client and a server in a client server system while the integrity of objects is being maintained, thus avoiding blocked processing at the client, reducing load on communication lines, and enhancing the performance of the whole system. The client, after it has updated an object in its cache, sends the ID and contents of the updated object to the server. Then, the client sets the version of its object to 0, and starts other processing without waiting completion of the update in server. Upon receiving a update request from the client, the server places an update lock on the object and update the object in server cache. Then, the server returns no response to this operation. When the transaction is committed, the server uses the updated contents to update its own disk and sends the version at the server to the client.

Abstract: The generation of flicker is prevented when the contrast of a displayed image is changed. The amplitude of the data voltage whose polarity is inverted at a timing synchronized with the display cycle of an image is changed based on the tone and the designed contrast. At the same time, the position (center) of 0 V relative to the amplitude of the data voltage is offset a larger amount as the contrast increases. This corrects a change V in voltage between the electrodes under the influence of the parasitic capacity of a TFT when the TFT is turned off, so that the voltage between the electrodes is also turned off despite the polarity of the data voltage applied to the liquid crystal, even when the designated contrast is relatively high and the amplitude of the data voltage is relatively small, and even when the designated contrast is relatively low and the amplitude of the data voltage is relatively large.

Abstract: A method is provided for modifying a photosensitive chemical material which controls exposure to make spectral intensity ratio constant, adjusts the pre-tilt angles of a liquid crystal orientation film easily and accurately, and gives desired properties to the photosensitive chemical material. A photosensitive chemical material is patterned by the photochemical reaction of a photosensitive chemical material. The photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light emitted from a light source having a line spectrum having almost single wavelength between 200 nm and 300 nm (for example, a low pressure mercury lamp or a laser lamp) according to a pattern to control the reaction of the photosensitive chemical material. Also, the photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 nm or longer to make the photosensitive chemical material cause a reaction to occur that selectively generates active oxygen.

Abstract: A self-closing main distributing frame of any shape, (e.g. rectangular) which increases its capacity by growth in the vertical direction. The frame includes a stack of self-closing horizontal planes, or shelves, open to the outer face, and supported by brackets attached to vertical members on the interior face.

Abstract: A D/A converter of a current output type desirably compensates for changes in the switching characteristic that arise in each constant current circuit. The D/A converter generates an analog output current that is in response to the level of input digital data and outputs it from an output side by switching each of output currents of a plurality of constant current circuits either to the output side or to a non-output side, in response to the input digital data. The D/A converter performs feedback control, for values of the output currents for the constant current circuits, based on an analog output current at the non-output side during a period when the output currents of all of the constant current circuits are connected to the non-output sides.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for playing the same video game by a number of players at remote locations over a telephone network. More specifically, a video representation of the game played by a number of video game players stored at each of the player locations. The control signals representing the actions of the players are then transmitted to a single one of the locations where the control signals are sequenced. The sequence control signals are then stored in a queue wherein the video game is played at each of the locations by synchronously reading the control signals from each queue at each of the locations and sending them to corresponding ports of each video game at each location.

Abstract: This invention is a debugger for HPF-like languages which can be implemented on top of basically any debugger. A primary feature of the debugger is the use of backup breakpoints to generate a program status which is similar to a program status in a sequential execution of the code and the back and forth mapping between processor variables. This debugger requires some new debugging information which must be provided by the compiler. It then allows debugging from a sequential point of view.

Abstract: In order to drive a liquid crystal panel without causing flickering or noise on a screen, an analog signal (R) is input to sample and hold circuits SH through an amplifier 14. When the first half of the clock signals is input, the voltage values of the analog signal which are held in the corresponding circuits SH1 . . . SH(n/2) are added up in an adder 16, divided by n/2 in a divider 18, and output to a circuit SH(n/2+1). When the second half of the clock signals is input, the voltage values which are held in the corresponding circuits SH(n/2+2) . . . SH(n+1) are added up in an adder 16', divided (by n/2) in a divider 18', and output to a circuit SH(n+2). The outputs from the circuits SH(n/2+1) and SH(n+2) are summed in an adder 24 and divided by 2 in a divider 26. A driver circuit applies a voltage to the corresponding electrode of a liquid crystal panel according to the output from the divider 26.

Abstract: Windows, icons, or TV channel selections can be conveniently moved between multiple monitors controlled by a single device such as a computer. The monitors may be cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Inter-monitor movement is achieved using a "transport" region into which icons, windows, or TV channel selections are moved on a particular monitor. Once in this region, the icons, windows, or TV channel selections transport from the current monitor to a second monitor. In instances where a large number of icons are used, this is a means for consolidating, managing, and displaying them in an organized way.

Abstract: A radiofrequency identification tag has a semiconductor chip with radio frequency circuit, logic, memory circuits, and further includes an antenna that is mounted on a substrate. The antenna may be used by the chip to modulate an incident RF signal to transfer information to a base station. The antenna comprises one or more lengths of thin wire that are connected directly to the chip by means of wire bonding. The chip and antenna combination can be sealed with an organic film covering.

Abstract: Frame rate modulation is effected in which image data, which expresses a density of one dot by 4-bit dot data, is converted into a plurality of frame data, which express a density of one dot by 3 bits, so that the plurality of the frame data are sequentially displayed on the LCD. In the above conversion, the high order 3 bits of the dot data are extracted and made into data of one dot of each frame. In a case in which the least significant bit of the first dot data is 1 and the most significant bit is 0, 1 is added to a corresponding portion of the respective frame data. In a case in which the least significant bit of the dot data is 0 and the most significant bit is 1, 1 is subtracted from a corresponding portion of the respective frame data. In accordance with the above description, the image data is converted into the frame data as shown in Table 2, and the sum (apparent densities) of the plurality of converted frame data always changes in accordance with the changes in the dot data.

Abstract: A method for rotating bi-level image data plus or minus 90.degree.. An 8.times.8 pixel block is selected for rotation from the image data and, using lookup tables, an intermediate matrix is generated dynamically and stored into two 32-bit registers in the processor. Generation of the intermediate matrix partially rotates and stores the odd-numbered rows from the block of data in the first 32-bit register and the even-numbered rows from the block in the second 32-bit register. The first and second registers are copied, respectively, into third and fourth 32-bit registers. The first and second registers are then shifted one bit in opposite directions. The first register is logical ORed with the fourth register, and the second register is logical ORed with the third register so that the even bits are replaced in one register and the odd bits in the other. These steps are repeated for all remaining blocks of image data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the current distribution in an integrated circuit with high time resolution is described incorporating a magneto-optic film, a linearly polarized light beam and a means for measuring the magneto-optic polarization rotation of a light beam and circuitry for synchronizing test pulses in an integrated circuit. The invention overcomes the problem of determining current distribution as a function of time and location in an integrated circuit with 1 psec time resolution and 1 micrometer spatial resolution.

Abstract: Interlaced image signals are converted into non-interlaced image signals and the scanning lines are also thinned out (i.e., the number of lines is reduced). Line memories L1-L5 are provided in a number (5) Corresponding to the number of horizontal scanning lines thinned out by a predetermined number of lines every number of lines determined from the total number of horizontal scanning lines of the PAL signal and that of the NTSC signal. A demultiplexer 12 selects the memories L1-L5 so that each PAL signal corresponding each of first to fifth ones of six horizontal scanning lines is stored. A selector 14 sequentially read the memories L1-L5 twice during an interval from the time when the PAL signal corresponding to the first horizontal scanning line is stored to the time from storing the PAL signal corresponding to the first horizontal scanning line but before storing the PAL signal corresponding to the seventh horizontal scanning line.