Abstract: Fuel economy of internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, is improved by lubricating such engines with specific lubricant compositions in which the essential ingredients are a specific sulfurized composition and a basic alkali metal sulfonate. Additional ingredients may include at least one oil-dispersible detergent or dispersant, a viscosity improving agent, and a specific salt of a phosphorus acid.

Abstract: Thixotropic magnesium-containing complexes are prepared by heating a mixture of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, hydrated magnesium oxide or a magnesium alkoxide; a carboxylic acid, a mixture thereof with a sulfonic or pentavalent phosphorus acid, or an ester or salt of either of these; water (optional under certain conditions); and an organic solubilizing agent (which may be liquid or solid at ambient temperature) for the acid or ester. The amount of magnesium is such as to provide a basic composition. The resulting complexes may be obtained in liquid or solid form, and are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels and as protective coating compositions for metal surfaces (such as automotive undercoats and frame coatings).

Abstract: Thixotropic magnesium-containing complexes are prepared by heating a mixture of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, hydrated magnesium oxide or a magnesium alkoxide; a sulfonic acid, a pentavalent phosphorus acid, a mixture thereof with a carboxylic acid, or an ester or salt of any of these; water (optional under certain conditions); and an organic solubilizing agent (which may be liquid or solid at ambient temperature) for the acid or ester. The amount of magnesium is such as to provide a basic composition. The resulting complexes may be obtained in liquid or solid form, and are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels and as protective coating compositions for metal surfaces (such as automotive undercoats and frame coatings).

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto and which melts within the range of about 30.degree.-100.degree. C. The composition comprises at least one ester of a carboxylic acid, with a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, a phosphorus acid salt and an antioxidant being preferred optional ingredients. The composition may be applied in liquid from and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal. In a preferred method of application, a reservoir is located beneath the composition applicator and composition is pumped therefrom to the applicator, preferably a roller coater, with excess composition being recirculated.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of from about 30 to about 750 aliphatic carbon atoms; R' is a substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, nitro, and halo; and z is 0 or 1, are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups.

Abstract: Reaction products prepared by reacting(a) interpolymers of ethylene, one or more C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.-monoolefins, and one or more polyenes selected from non-conjugated dienes and trienes, with(b) one or more olefinic carboxylic acid acylating agents to form an acylating reaction intermediate which is further reacted with(c) an amine,are disclosed. These reaction products have been found useful as multi-functional additives to a variety of lubricating oils for enhancing their dispersancy as well as improving their viscosity-temperature relationship.

Abstract: Amino phenols of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substantially saturated, hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, a, b and c are, for example, each 1, 2 or 3, and Ar is an aromatic moiety such as a benzene nucleus, naphthalene nucleus or linked benzene nuclei, are useful additives for fuels and lubricants. These amino phenols can be conveniently prepared by nitrating an appropriate hydroxy aromatic compound and reducing the nitro groups to amino groups. Typically such amino phenols are formed by nitration and reduction of alkyl phenols having an alkyl or alkenyl group of at least about 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Mixed metal salts (especially zinc salts) of dialkylphosphorodithioic acids and carboxylic acids, the ratio of equivalents of the dialkylphosphorodithioic to the carboxylic acid being between about 0.5:1 and about 4.5:1, are useful in lubricants and functional fluids (such as hydraulic fluids) as antioxidants and extreme pressure agents having improved thermal stability.

Abstract: Metal-containing organic flow-modifying agents comprising a major proportion of a non-Newtonian colloidal disperse system containing metal-containing particles, dispersing medium and an organic compound having both a hydrophobic and a polar substituent and a minor proportion of polymeric resin which is present as a random dispersion of particles in a non-solvated form are useful in modifying the flow properties of plastic materials. Specific examples of the disperse system are those comprising calcium carbonate particles dispersed in a mineral oil dispersing medium in the presence of a calcium petrosulfonate; an example of the resin is finely divided polyethylene. These agents are useful for modifying the flow properties of plastic materials such as filled asphalt systems.

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto, which melts at about 30.degree.-150.degree. C., and which comprises principally a polymer of a monoepoxide or monoepisulfide containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms. The composition may be applied in liquid form and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal.

Abstract: Molybdenum-containing compositions prepared by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound capable of reacting with active sulfur with a composition prepared by reacting:(a) a phosphorus-containing acid represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein each X and X' is independently oxygen or sulfur, each n is zero or one and each R is independently the same or a different hydrocarbon-based radical; and(b) at least one hexavalent molybdenum oxide compound, and(c) hydrogen sulfide,in the presence of (d) a polar solvent are useful as additives for lubricants. Internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, when lubricated by said additive-containing lubricants exhibit improved fuel economy.

Abstract: Condensation products made by reacting an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl hydroxy-aromatic compound also having at least one non-fused hydrocarbyl substituent with at least one olefinic nitrile, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. The total number of carbon atoms in the non-fused hydrocarbyl substituents is at least about 7 while the .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl group contains from 1 to about 36 carbons and the olefinic acid or nitrile reactant usually contains 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. Products made from hydroxymethyl alkyl-substituted phenols and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride are particularly useful. Similarly useful post-treated products can be made from these condensation products by further reaction with alcohols, amines, metal salts or metals.

Abstract: Mixed alkyl esters made by reacting a mixture of two or more of certain monohydric alcohols with interpolymers derived from (i) .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof and (ii) vinyl aromatic monomers having up to 12 carbon atoms are useful modifiers for crude oils.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon-based radical; R.sup.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, and substituted lower alkyl; each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 is oxygen or sulfur; and a and b are each 0 or 1, are useful as lubricant additives and have insecticidal and pesticidal properties.

Abstract: A beach for the scum trough of a sewage settling tank or the like is biased to an upright position by a weighted member or the like so as to prevent the flow of liquid over the beach and into the scum trough. The construction of the beach allows it to be rotated against this bias to a second position below the level of liquid in the settling tank, so as to permit scum and other floating materials accumulated adjacent the beach to flow over the beach and into the scum trough.

Abstract: A glass coated, flexible, hydrophilic polymeric contact lens having a sufficient amount of oxygen transportability to meet the requirements of the human cornea is disclosed. In addition, this glass coated contact lens is wettable, fillerless, hydrolytically stable, biologically inert, transparent, resilient and soft. The glass coating is substantially colorless, transparent and from about 100 to about 8,000 angstroms thick. The glass may be a silicate glass, a phosphate glass or a germanate glass or mixtures thereof. The contact lens substrate comprises a polymer comprising a poly(organosiloxane) terminally bonded through a divalent hydrocarbon group to a polymerized activated unsaturated group. Further a method of making the glass coated siloxane contact lens is disclosed.

Abstract: A shaped body is manufactured from at least two polymerized materials with one polymerized material being swellable relative to the other polymerized material. The shaped body is formed having sections of the first material, the second material and a substantially random copolymer of the first and second materials as a transition section between the first and second sections.

Abstract: Monomeric polyparaffinsiloxanes end-capped with activated unsaturated groups and polymers and copolymers thereof are disclosed herein for use as contact lenses and biomedical devices with improved properties, such as, oxygen transportability, hydrolytic stability, biological inertness, transparency and improved strength without the use of fillers. The polymer composition comprises a poly(organoparaffinsiloxane) monomer .alpha.,.omega. terminally bonded through divalent hydrocarbon groups to polymerized free radical polymerizably activated unsaturated groups.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which involves the preparation of monomeric organosilicon esters in a much shorter time and at a much higher purification than previously known in the art. More specifically, the process comprises reacting a cyclosilalkoxane having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical free of aliphatic unsaturation, R' is selected from the group consisting of H and CH.sub.3 and n is an integral of from 1 to 2 inclusive with a free radical polymerizable monocarboxylic acid. The cyclosilalkoxane is contacted with the free radical polymerizable monocarboxylic acid in the presence of a solvent. The solvent forms an azeotropic mixture with the water formed by the reaction. During the reaction, the azeotropic mixture is continuously removed from the reaction. Also present in the reaction solution is a protonating acid catalyst and a free radical polymerization preventing inhibitor.

Abstract: Indicia are formed in the surface of an ophthalmic contact lens by sublimating lens material with a high intensity beam of radiation. A beam of light from a laser is directed through one or more cooperating masks having openings defining desired indicia. The light which passes through the masks is directed upon a surface of a contact lens, advantageously near the periphery thereof. By selecting a proper wavelength and controlling the amount of energy directed upon the lens surface the depth of sublimation of lens material can be controlled. In this manner symbols can be formed upon the lens for uniquely identifying it.