Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device using nitride III-V compound semiconductors is improved to reduce the threshold current density with almost no increase of the operation voltage. In a GaN semiconductor laser as one version thereof, the p-type cladding layer is made of two or more semiconductor layers different in band gap, and a part of the p-type cladding layer near one of its boundaries nearer to the active layer is made of a semiconductor layer having a large band gap than that of the remainder part. More specifically, in a AlGaN/GaN/GaInN SCH-structured GaN semiconductor laser, a p-type AlGaN cladding layer is made of a p-type Alx1Ga1−x1N layer in contact with a p-type GaN optical guide layer, and a p-type Alx2Ga1−x2N layer overlying the p-type Alx1Ga1−x1N layer (where 0≦x2<x1≦1).

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink-jet printer having high resolution and image quality, low power consumption, low cost and containing line heads.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprises a substrate having one principal surface on which uneven pattern is formed, and adapted so that light is irradiated onto the uneven pattern and recording/reproduction of recording signals are carried out by the irradiated light. The substrate includes an intermediate layer including rigidity rendering material and a surface layer formed on at least one principal surface of the intermediate layer and adapted so that the uneven pattern is formed. As the rigidity rendering material, there are used granulated filling material, plate-shaped filling material and fiber material. In manufacturing such an optical recording medium, the surface layer is disposed in a manner to oppose stamper where reversed uneven pattern is formed and the intermediate layer including rigidity rendering material is stacked on the surface layer.

Abstract: In an inline three-beam system color cathode-ray tube, there is provided an inline three-beam system color cathode-ray tube electron gun in which beam spot shapes of three electron beams on the left and right end portions of a fluorescent screen may be uniformed as much as possible and focusing voltages may be adjusted with ease and also deteriorations of beam spot shapes of three electron beams on the left and right end portions of the fluorescent screen may be alleviated and a satisfactory convergence characteristic may be obtained on the whole region of the screen. A color cathode-ray tube electron gun includes trisected focusing electrodes.

Abstract: An optical disc is irradiated with a main beam and a pair of side beams, and respected reflected beams of light are detected by a main detector and a pair of side detectors. A first push-pull signal is generated which includes wobble components obtained by a detection signal from the main detector, and second and third push-pull signals are generated using detection signals from the pair of side detectors. The second and third push-pull signals are added by an adder to generate crosstalk components included in the first push-pull signal, and wobble information of the recording track is generated and output using signals obtained by canceling the crosstalk components in the first push-pull signal including wobble signal components in the recording track.

Abstract: The overvoltage applied on a head during switching of the head is prevented. At the time when the head switching signal changes, a switch S4 for turning on/off an operational amplifier Gm1 is turned off, and the operational amplifier Gm1 is turned off. Simultaneously, the switch S3 is turned on, the current source I1 is connected to a capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 is discharged. Then, switches S1 and S2 for switching the MR head are switched. Finally, the switch S3 is turned off and the switch S4 is turned on, thus the switching of the MR head is finished.

Abstract: A data transferring method for a nonvolatile memory composed of a flash memory. The flash memory allows a gaplessly read process to be performed unless a transfer error takes place. The flash memory comprises a first shift register, a second shift register, and a switching circuit. The first shift register stores data of the first half area of one page for a data re-transfer process in the case that a transfer error takes place. The second shift register stores data of the second half area of one page for a data re-transfer process in the case that a transfer error takes place. The switching circuit switches between output data of a memory cell array and output data of the first and second shift registers. As a result, data can be transferred at the logically maximum speed. In addition, a transfer error is detected page by page. When a transfer error is detected, the data re-transfer process is performed using the shift registers. Thus, the throughput can be suppressed from deteriorating.

Abstract: A flat-type display comprising a first panel having electron-emitting portions; a second panel having an electron irradiation surface; and an electron-emitting-portion driving circuit for driving the electron-emitting portions, wherein an electron-emitting-portion cutoff circuit is provided between the electron-emitting portions and the electron-emitting-portion driving circuit for preventing a discharge between the electron-emitting portions and the electron irradiation surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode ray tube and a intensity controlling method achieving a reduced amount of factors for correcting intensity prepared and capable of performing proper intensity control so that the joint portion of split picture planes is inconspicuous from a viewpoint of intensity. With respect to the direction of overlapping a plurality of split picture planes, only correction factors at representative signal levels are pre-stored as a basic factor table. Any of the factors at the other signal levels is obtained by performing an interpolating operation using the basic factors in the basic factor table. The value of the signal level of a video signal referred to when the correction factor in the overlapping direction is obtained is changed by using a shift factor associated with the pixel position in the direction orthogonal to the overlapping direction. The basic factor is thereby changed according to the pixel position in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: A parallel processing apparatus capable of flexibly solving at a high speed the problem of synchronization wait when a plurality of tasks are generated, wherein a processor element PE12 specifies pipe counters and calls up a plurality of tasks with respect to processor elements PE13 to PE15 and waits for synchronization according to need by a synchronization wait command, an arbiter 56 increases a count value of a corresponding pipe counter when a task is called up and decreases the count value of the corresponding pipe counter when the task is ended, and the processor element PE12 compares the count value contained in the synchronization wait command and the count value of the corresponding pipe counter of the arbiter 56 when executing the synchronization wait command, releases the synchronization wait when they coincide, and enters the synchronization wait when they do not coincide.

Abstract: An image input device or a solid-state image sensing device using a CCD linear sensor includes a main sensor array and a sub sensor array. A transfer register for the sub sensor array is provided with charge sweep means for sweeping away unnecessary charges. Thus, only signals in the main sensor array are selectively read out without being affected by signals in the sub sensor array.

Abstract: A gamma corrector inputs a primary color signal as an image signal to each of the differential amplifiers which are connected in parallel to each other and mixes a plurality of output signals which are outputted from the four differential amplifiers to output an image signal to which a plurality of gamma correction is applied. Each of the differential amplifiers amplifies and outputs the inputted primary color signal with a different gain characteristic so that the gain characteristic of the signal obtained by mixing the output signals varies at two inflection points. The two-point gamma correction is applied to the inputted primary color signal so that a signal level at the side of a black level is turned down and the signal level at the side of a white level is turned up.

Abstract: For the purpose of a sufficient exposure tolerance and a sufficient lithographic process tolerance like the depth of focus while reducing the line width difference due to the pattern density of a resist pattern, correction is made to the overlapping width a1 of a translucent region of a phase shift mask and a shading region of a binary mask used upon high-resolution exposure (isolated pattern), the overlapping width a2 (L/S pattern), line width b1 in a phase shift mask (isolated pattern) and the line width b2 (L/S pattern) toward decreasing the line width difference among resist patterns when a resist pattern having patterns like an isolated pattern and an L/S pattern that are different in pattern density.

Abstract: An optical disc capable of preventing damages on a printing plate and an injection compression molding die capable of producing such optical disc substrate without raising the accuracy of the die are provided. An optical disc substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention has a ring-formed projected portion on the outer periphery of the printable plane slightly recessed inwardly from the outer edge of the disc. Such optical disc substrate can be produced using a molding die in which a readout-side mirror has a ring-formed groove on the inner surface thereof in the vicinity of a sliding portion between such readout-side mirror and a cavity ring.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus according to the present invention includes a prime color component selection unit, made up of a temporal color separation sub-unit and a spatial color separation sub-unit, a modulation unit on which falls a light beam split in its optical path by the prime color component selection unit, and a projection unit for synthesizing and projecting the light beams from first and second spatial modulation sub-units of the modulation unit. In the image projection apparatus, the first and second spatial modulation sub-units perform spatial modulation on images corresponding to respective different prime color components. In the image projection apparatus of the present invention, two spatial modulation units are used, thus simplifying the structure and reducing the size as compared to the so-called three-plate type image projection apparatus employing three spatial modulation sub-units.

Abstract: A printed wiring board reduced in weight by reducing the size and the thickness of a substrate in its entirety. The printed wiring board includes a rigid substrate 2, comprised of a core material 11 at least one side of which carries a land 23, and flexible substrates 3, 4, 5 and 6 comprised of core materials 33, 36 on at least one surface of which a bump 32 for electrical connection to the land 38 is formed protuberantly. The rigid substrate 2 and the flexible substrates 3 to 6 are molded as one with each other, with the interposition of an adhesive in-between, so that the land and the bump face each other.

Abstract: Anode voltages A′ and B′ corresponding to video signals A and B are switched by a first switch and supplied to an anode. Cut-off voltages A and B corresponding to the video signals A and B are switched by a second switch and added to a video signal by an adder. A resultant signal is supplied to a cathode. In a CRT, the luminance rises in association with the step-down of the cut-off voltage and the step-up of the anode voltage and the resolution rises in association with the step-up of the cut-off voltage and the step-up of the anode voltage. The first and second switches are switched in accordance with the format of the input video signal respectively, thereby properly selecting the anode voltage which is applied to the CRT and the cut-off voltage. The video image can be displayed by the CRT at the luminance and resolution according to the video signal without changing a driving voltage.

Abstract: A skew of an optical pickup device can be adjusted by a movable-side member itself which holds thereon an objective lens. A holder which holds an objective lens is supported by four spring wires such that it can be moved in the focusing direction and the tracking direction of an optical disk. A center of a magnetic circuit which drives the holder is shifted in the outer peripheral side relative to the optical disk. Elastic force of the spring wires of the inner peripheral side is suppressed by increasing the amount of a gel material bonded to the spring wires located on the inner peripheral side of the optical disk as a damping material as compared with the amount of the gel material bonded to the spring wires located on the outer peripheral side.

Abstract: A tape cassette and a tape streamer drive for driving the tape cassette are provided. MAFN data and VMAFN data are defined so as to indicate the maximum frame number of all frames formed in a partition and the maximum frame number of frames in a valid area in the partition, respectively. The MAFN data and the VMAFN data are stored in a MIC disposed in the tape cassette. The size of an available recording area remaining in the partition is calculated from the MAFN data and the VMAFN data. Thus, a powerful technique is achieved for managing the tape cassette used in a data storage application.

Abstract: A planar shape characteristic measuring apparatus and method, which can precisely and efficiently measure the characteristics relating to a surface shape of the measured surface of a disk such as a data recording surface of an optical disk including a laser Doppler speed meter which detects a perpendicular direction speed of a measured surface of a rotating disk; a tilt angle calculating unit which calculates a tilt angle in the rotational direction of an optical disk at each measuring position to a reference surface based on a linear speed at each measuring position detected by the laser Doppler speed meter and the detected perpendicular direction speed; a displacement calculating unit which calculates a perpendicular direction displacement of the optical disk at each measuring position; an acceleration calculating unit which calculates a perpendicular direction acceleration; and a focus servo error calculating unit which calculates a focus servo error which is predicted to occur in a focus servo system.