Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of C.sub.5 and higher boiling hydrocarbons by contacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen over a supported cobalt catalyst in which the cobalt is distributed in a specified inhomogeneous manner on the support.

Abstract: A process for recovery of glycerine from saline waters-containing glycerine comprises evaporating the water to precipitate a major amount of any salts present, separating the liquid phase and diluting it with water to low viscosity, electrodialysing the diluted liquid phase to obtain, (1) a concentrate stream which is recycled to the evaporative step, and (2) a diluate stream which is subjected to fractionation distillation to obtain glycerine as an overhead fraction.

Abstract: A reactor is disclosed for carrying out exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions in which the reaction temperature is maintained as constant as possible. The reactor comprises a reaction space, an inlet for at least two reaction components, and an outlet for the reaction products. The reactor according to the invention is characterized in that the reaction space is provided with a plurality of interconnected reactor stages through which the reaction stream passes in succession, that each reactor stage comprises three reaction component guiding means, and that each reactor stage is provided with at least one injection opening for at least one reaction component.

Abstract: A process for preparation of 1,4-butanediol comprises reaction of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a soluble rhodium catalyst, certain phosphine promoters and certain carbonitriles as solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing the level of sulfur compounds from liquid conjugated diolefin hydrocarbons by contacting said sulfur compound-bearing hydrocarbon liquids with sorbents prepared by combining particulate alumina with at least one compound decomposable to of sodium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide or a salt decomposable to potassium oxide, but excluding potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate and calcining. The process is particularly useful for removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide from butadiene and isoprene.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of 1,2-bis-phosphine oxides by reacting at least one of certain phosphine oxides with certain oxirane compounds in an aprotic solvent and in the presence of a basic compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparation of a carboxylic acid RCOOH wherein R represents certain alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl groups, by heating a formic acid ester HCOOR in the presence of carbon monoxide, a soluble rhodium catalyst and an iodide or bromide source, promoted by certain oxygen-containing compounds of phosphorus, arsenic or antimony.

Abstract: Glycerine is recovered from an aqueous waste stream containing but minor amounts of glycerine by the requested steps of; (1) evaporating, (2) contacting with pentanol, (3) separating precipitated salt, (4) flashing to remove pentanol, and (5) vacuum distillation. This process is particularly useful treating saline waste water resulting from the manufacture of epoxy resins.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of esters of 1,5-dimethyl bicyclo [3.2.1] octan-8-ol and/or derivatives thereof by reacting 1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene with an inorganic polybasic acid.

Abstract: Method for removal of phenolic polymerization inhibitors from liquid conjugated olefin hydrocarbon by contacting said liquid hydrocarbon with a sorbent material comprising particulate acidified active carbon which sorbent has previously been oxidized by contact with a highly acidic oxidizing fluid. Optionally, after contact with the highly acidic oxidizing fluid the sorbent may be further treated in an alkaline environment with compounds of at least one of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and ammonia. The sorbent material may be regenerated by heating, or by passing a heated non-oxidizing gas e.g., superheated stream there through.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides by reacting certain esters or ethers with carbon monoxide in the presence of a nickel catalyst, a source of iodide and/or bromide and conventional promoters, which process is improved by the use as co-promoters of a compound selected from compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents phosphorus, arsenic or antimony and Y represents oxygen, sulphur or selenium, and a and b are O or 1 and R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group; compounds wherein a and b are O and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 form a heterocyclic group with X and R.sup.5 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group; and complexes of compounds of formula I with any of a hydrocarbon iodide or bromide, an acyl iodide or bromide, or hydrogen iodide or hydrogen bromide.

Abstract: Catalysts for the production of methanol from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are prepared by dispersing in water a co-precipitate of zinc and at least one of chromium and aluminum together with a co-precipitate of copper, zinc and optionally at least one of chromium and aluminum, followed by spray drying of the dispersion, and calcining the spray dried material.

Abstract: Aldehydes are prepared by hydrogenating a compound of general formula R'COOR, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an acyl group, or a metal, and R' represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having at most two alpha-hydrogen atoms, provided it has at most one beta-hydrogen atom, in case it has two alpha-hydrogen atoms, in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from rare earth metals and iron on an alumina-based carrier.

Abstract: A process for homologating alcohols and/or acids to a mixture of higher acids by reaction with syngas in the presence of a ruthenium-rhodium-iodide-titanium(IV) catalyst.

Abstract: A distillation method and apparatus which comprises (a) a distillation zone adapted for the countercurrent contact of liquid and vapor, (b) a reboiler feed liquid compartment (c) means for directing distillation zone liquid into the reboiler liquid feed compartment, (d) a thermosyphon reboiler for partial vaporization of liquid thereto to produce reboiled vapor and liquid flows, (e) a conduit for the flow of liquid from the reboiler liquid feed compartment to the reboiler, (f) a reboiler return liquid compartment, (g) a conduit for the flow of reboiled liquid from the reboiler to the reboiler return compartment, (h) a conduit for the flow of reboiled vapor from the reboiler to the distillation zone, (i) means for communication of liquid by gravity flow between the reboiler feed compartment and the reboiler return compartment to provide substantially equal liquid levels in the two reservoirs, (j) a distillation zone liquid product compartment, (k) means for overflow of liquid from the reboiler return compartme

Abstract: Compounds according to formula:M.sup.1.sub.a [M.sup.2 (CN).sub.b (A).sub.c ].sub.d.w M.sup.3 D.sub.e.x H.sub.2 O. y L. z H.sub.n E.sub.m,wherein M.sup.1 represents at least one of Zn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(ii), Mn(II), Cu(II), Sn(II), or Pb(II); M.sup.2 represents at least one of Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Ir(III), Rh(III), Ru(II), V(IV) or V(V); M.sup.3 represents M.sup.1 and/or M.sup.2 ; A, D and E each represent an anion which may be the same or different; L represents an alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, amide, nitrile or sulphide or mixtures thereof; a and d are numbers to satisfy the valency state of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the double metal cyanide part of the general formula I; b and c are integers (b>c) which together with a and d provide the electroneutrality of the double metal cyanide part of the general formula I; e is an integer satisfying the valency state of M.sup.3 ; n and m are integers satisfying the electroneutrality of HE, andw is a number between 0.

Abstract: Syngas is converted to hydrocarbons with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst contained in a slurry phase wherein additionally dissolved in the slurry phase is a phosphabicycloalkane.

Abstract: A process for the co-production of an alkylidene dicarboxylate and a carboxylic acid, which comprises hydrogenating a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of carbon monoxide and a homogeneous iridium- and/or rhodium-containing catalyst, together with an organo phosphorus (III), arsenic (III), or antimony (III) compound and either molecular oxygen or a phosphorus (V), arsenic (V) or antimony (V) compound containing a X=O moiety, where X is a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom.

Abstract: Process for the upgrading of hydrocarbons comprising conjugated diolefins using a dispersion of an alkali(ne earth) metal, characterized in that the upgrading is carried out in the presence of an aliphatic amine having at least one primary amine group.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures having high benzene content by contacting non-aromatic organic compounds with certain crystalline non-aluminum silicates having a SiO.sub.2 /Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of 100-300 and A SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of 135-1900.