Abstract: In the production of bisphenols, color bodies which have been adsorbed on cationic exchange resins are removed by washing with at least one phenate selected from phenates of an alkali metal and of ammonia.

Abstract: This invention deals with a process for the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 1-9; k is 0 or 1 and each R, which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or aryl group, or two R bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms form together with these carbon atoms a cyclic hydrocarbyl configuration, by reacting a compound of the general formula: ##STR2## with a sulphonyl halide in the presence of a base and a halogen-containing solvent, preferably chlorobenzene. The process is of special interest for the manufacture of 18-crown-6.

Abstract: Isocyanates and derivatives thereof are prepared by oxidative conversion of compounds having at least one group ##STR1## wherein X represents OY or ##STR2## wherein Y is H, a metal ion or group NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6 wherein each of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different, is H, alkyl or (substituted) (alk)aryl and Z is a (substituted) alkyl or aryl group. Phenyl isocyanate and derivatives thereof are preferably prepared electrochemically from the corresponding oxamides and oxanilides.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of ethylidene diacetate by reacting methyl acetate and/or dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal compound and a halogen-containing compound wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a sulphur-containing polar solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating glycols from an electrolyte-containing aqueous solution comprises electrodialyzing said solution to increase the glycol to electrolyte content and subsequently removing a substantial part of the water.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of Diels-Alder type adducts by reacting a compound with formula ##STR1## or the corresponding hydrated derivative, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.4 are H or lower alkyl, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, X is O,S, (O--CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 R.sup.7).sub.2 or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 an H or lower alkyl, n is 2-5 and Y is H, alkyl or alkenyl or Y and R.sup.2 together form an alkylene group which may contain one or more substituents, with a cyclopentadiene and/or an oligomer thereof in the presence of an aqueous solution of a strong proton donor having a conjugate with a low nucleophilicity.

Abstract: Process for the co-production of ketones and mono-olefins from secondary alcohols and conjugated di-olefins in which dehydrogenation of the secondary alcohol and hydrogenation of the conjugated di-olefin are effected by contacting a mixture of the secondary alcohol and the conjugated di-olefin with a heterogeneous copper-containing catalytic system. The process is very useful for the co-production of methyl ethyl ketone and n-butenes from sec-butanol and butadiene at low temperatures (e.g. between 90.degree. C. and 130.degree. C.).

Abstract: Dimethyl ether is produced from syngas in high yield utilizing a physical mixture of two catalyst components: a first component comprising copper-zinc and alkali metal supported on alumina, and a second component comprising tungsten oxide supported on silica-alumina.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dienes and/or trienes comprising reacting a polyolefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of a heterogeneous disproportionation catalyst with a compound according to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group which may or may not contain one or more inert substituents or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form part of a cyclic structure together with the carbon atom to which they are attached. Isononadiene (2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene) and/or 2,6,10-trimethyl-1,5,9-undecatriene can be obtained by reacting cis-1,4-polyisoprene with isobutene in the presence of a heterogeneous disproportionation catalyst.

Abstract: The growth of butadiene "popcorn" polymer seeds in butadiene separation processes is inhibited by treatment of the butadiene with carbon disulfide or elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture and/or conversion of hydrocarbons comprises contacting as feed any of: a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, acyclic organic compounds, hydrocarbon compounds, and mixtures thereof, under conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising silicalite.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline waste stream containing at least organic ester having insecticidal properties is acidified and extracted with a C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbon to reduce the organic content of the waste stream.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethanol by catalytic hydration of ethylene in which the crude ethanol is separated by distillation in a first column into a bottom stream consisting of aqueous ethanol and a top stream containing diethyl ether and acetaldehyde, the bottom stream is processed further in a second column, the top stream is hydrogenated and then fractionated in a third column together with an impurities containing stream originating from the second column, and optionally the diethyl ether containing top stream of the third column is recycled to the hydration reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in the execution of catalytic processes wherein chlorine in high state of purity is produced by reacting hydrogen chloride containing organic impurities with oxygen.

Abstract: Middle distillate hydrocarbons are produced from feed mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by contacting said feed at elevated temperature and pressure in a first stage with certain impregnated catalysts and contacting at least the middle distillate fraction of the product of the first stage in the presence of hyrogen with a catalyst containing at least one metal having hydrogenation activity supported on a porous carrier.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized to even numbered alpha-monoolefins principally in the C.sub.4 to C.sub.40 range with minimal concomittant production of high molecular weight polyethylene by reacting ethylene in a diol solvent in an oligomerization reaction zone at elevated pressure with a nickel complex catalyst composition produced by combining in the reaction zone, (a) a stable preformed complex of nickel, ethylene and hydride in a diol solvent, said complex being prepared by contactng in a diol solvent and in the presence of ethylene, a nickel salt, a base and a boron hydride transfer agent and (b) a suitable bidentate ligand; the stable nickel complex solution and the bidentate ligand being added in separate portions to the reaction zone. These stable complexes of nickel, ethylene and hydride in diol solution are considered to be novel oligomerization catalyst precursor compositions.

Abstract: An improved process for hydroconversion of mineral oil is disclosed wherein a spherical hydroconversion catalyst having a diameter greater than 6 mm, a surface area above 200 m.sup.2 /gm, and a crush strength above 70 pounds is used to replace the inert materials which are used to support or retain a fixed bed of suitable hydroconversion catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline iron silicates with certain critical ratios of components in the starting mixture results in silicates having improved catalytic properties in conversion processes.

Abstract: Moving bed reactor provided with conical catalyst bed supporting means, which are in communication with vertical channels below the cone(s) and provided with screen walls for the removal of reactor effluent, wherein for increasing the sieve area the channels are ring shaped, both walls having a screen area and/or are provided with intermediate double-walled partitions bearing screen sections in each wall.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluids consisting of oil in water emulsion comprising 90-99%w of water, non-ionic emulsifier and 0.5-5%w of a high viscosity lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity of 40.degree. C. of at least 160 cS.