Abstract: Alkali metal salts of polymeric acetal carboxylate are stable detergent builders under laundry use conditions but depolymerize in acid media, making the polymer fragments more readily biodegradable in waste streams. According to the improved process of the present invention, an ester of a polymeric acetal carboxylate is brought together in a reaction zone with a sufficient amount of an alkali metal base having a normality of at least 5 normal, and preferably at least 10 normal, to saponify at least 50 percent of the ester groups. In the preferred embodiment, the ester is contacted with a solvent to remove color-producing impurities.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a nitrogenous polymer, especially an acrylonitrile-containing polymer, and a halogen-containing flame retardant evolve reduced amounts of hydrogen cyanide on combustion when containing an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer, a halogen-containing rubber, a halogenated aromatic flame-retardant, a flame-retardant synergist and a smoke suppressant comprising a mixture of dawsonite, calcium oxide and a magnesium compound. Such polymers have reduced combustibility and evolve less smoke when burned.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns:(a) compounds having the molecular structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein M is O or CY.sub.2, where Y is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4), X is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4), or COOZ, Z represents H, R or a salt forming ion from the group alkali metal, ammonium, or trialkanolammonium, and R is an alkyl group (branched or straight chain) having up to about C.sub.20 in the chain(b) a process for producing the compounds of (a) by the basic carboxylation of compounds represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein M, X and R are as described in (a), (C) SOLID AND LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING COMPOUNDS OF (A) AND(d) washing processes employing the compounds of (a) and/or the compositions of (c).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reducing dripping in flaming polystyrene compositions which method comprises incorporating into the polymer composition an effective amount of a polychloroprene rubber component in order to reduce dripping of the flaming composition.

Abstract: Solvents useful to dissolve dyes employed in pressure-sensitive copying systems comprise compositions of monobenzylated, dibenzylated and, optionally, tribenzylated xylenes having defined isomeric configurations. Benzylated meta-xylene; benzylated para-xylene; and benzylated meta-para-xylene are low-odor solvents.

Abstract: Oral compositions such as mouth washes, toothpastes, foods, chewing gums and the like containing certain carboxyalkoxy-hydroxyalkyl-propanedioic acids and/or salts thereof inhibit formation of dental calculus.

Abstract: Terminal olefin is prepared by bringing together (1) a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein Cp is a .pi.-cyclopentadienyl radical, R is terminal alkyl and X is an essentially non-interfering monovalent entity, and (2) a mono-olefin having a carbon skeleton different from that of R under reaction conditions to displace R from (1) by (2). This process is especially useful in isomerization of internal olefins to the corresponding terminal olefins.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns:(a) Compounds having the molecular structure represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --NH.sub.4, --Na, --K and combinations thereof; R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --CH(CO.sub.2 M).sub.2, and --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 M, and R' is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --H, and --OR;(b) a method for making the compounds of (a);(c) solid and liquid detergent compositions comprising compounds of (a), and(d) washing processes employing the compounds of (a) and/or the compositions of (c).

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is lower alkyl, is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of a corresponding tricarboxylate, which is a useful detergent builder.

Abstract: The novel compound: ##STR1## is disclosed, together with its use as an activator for hydrogen peroxide bleaches, or bleaches which yield hydrogen peroxide. Activation proceeds quickly at relatively low temperatures. Activator, bleach and washing compounds can all be used together.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is recovered in high yields from gaseous mixtures containing the maleic anhydride in the vapor phase by cooling the gaseous mixture containing the maleic anhydride to a temperature above the dew point of water in the gaseous mixture, and then scrubbing the gaseous mixture with a solvent which comprises a phthalate ester, preferably dibutyl phthalate, and up to 10 weight percent phthalic anhydride. Thereafter, the maleic anhydride is stripped from the solvent in a one-step operation, and the solvent is thereafter recycled to the scrubbing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in a die for extruding thermoplastic sheet having a controlled degree of microsurface roughness. The improvement comprises having a beveled leading edge on at least one of the die lips wherein the bevel is away from the die orifice in order to control the degree of microsurface roughness in the extruded sheet.

Abstract: Polymer compositions evolve reduced amounts of noxious gases on combustion when containing an organometallic complex of a metal having an atomic number from 24 to 30.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are rubber modified fire retardant polymer compositions based on interpolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride, a brominated monomer such as tribromophenyl acrylate and a rubber component, which have been formulated with various additives. These compositions, which have a UL-94 rating of at least V-1, are especially useful for use in radio and T.V. cabinets, furniture, appliance housings and other similar applications.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising:A. a blend of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate detergent components, the blend comprising approximately equal amounts by weight of one linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having an average number of carbons in the alkyl chain of about 13-14, and a second linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having an average number of carbons in the alkyl chain of about 11-12, andB. in admixture with the blend of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, from about 5 to 95% by weight of a builder compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium and trialkanolammonium.The composition may also desirably contain other builders such as, sodium carbonate, zeolites, synthetic alumino silicates, etc.

Abstract: Oral compositions such as mouth washes, toothpastes, foods, chewing gums and the like containing certain carboxyalkoxy-propanedioic acid compounds inhibit formation of dental calculus.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns:(a) compounds having the molecular structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein M is 0 or CY.sub.2, where Y is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4), X is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.4), or COOZ, Z represents H, R or a salt forming ion from the group alkali metal, ammonium, or trialkanolammonium, and R is an alkyl group (branched or straight chain) having up to about C.sub.20 in the chain.(b) a process for producing the compounds of (a) by the basic carboxylation of compounds represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein M, X and R are as described in (a), (C) SOLID AND LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING COMPOUNDS OF (A) AND(d) washing processes employing the compounds of (a) and/or the compositions of (c).

Abstract: This disclosure concerns:(a) Compounds having the molecular structure represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --NH.sub.4, --Na, --K and combinations thereof; R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --CH(CO.sub.2 M).sub.2, and --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 M, and R' is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical (branched or straight chain) containing up to about C.sub.20, --H, and --OR;(b) a method for making the compounds of (a);(c) solid and liquid detergent compositions comprising compounds of (a), and(d) washing processes employing the compounds of (a) and/or the compositions of (c).

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a nitrogenous polymer, especially an acrylonitrile-containing polymer, evolve reduced amounts of hydrogen cyanide on combustion when containing an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur.