Abstract: An electrically-driven moving apparatus for a microscope includes a control device for rotating and stopping an electric motor on the basis of outputs of a detector for detecting a rotational quantity of an operation handle and of a detector for detecting a position changing quantity of a stage. There may be provided a speed control device for changing over the stage to extremely slow fixed speed control when using an objective lens having a high magnification. The stage may be moved at a relatively high speed in response to an operation of a rotary handle for a rough movement and moved at a relatively slow speed in response to an operation of a rotary handle for a micro movement. A braking device is provided on the rotary handle, and reaching of the stage to a movement limit position can be also sensed by the operator.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus has a data recording circuit for recording user data in a data portion of a sector on an optical disk. The optical disk is formed with a plurality of tracks in a concentric circular shape or spiral shape on the surface thereof and is possible of data write based on a sector unit. Each track is segmented into a plurality of sectors. The apparatus also has a detection circuit for detecting a resynchro pattern recorded together with user data from a regenerative signal obtained from the data portion of a sector before recording user data in the sector, a count circuit for counting a number of resynchro patterns detected, and an overwrite preventive circuit for stopping recording data on the sector when a count value of the count circuit is not less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A camera capable of operating in a red-eye prevention mode. The camera has an electronic flash device which is activated by a drive circuit in synchronization with the exposure. The electronic flash device also serve as a pre-light-emission device capable of performing pre-light-emission for the purpose of preventing red-eye effect. When it is judged from the photographing condition is judged that red-eye effect may occur, a controller activates the electronic flash device to effect a pre-light-emission for reducing the size of pupils of eyes of a person to be photographed, before the main flashing which is executed in synchronization with the exposure.

Abstract: A display has a liquid crystal composite layer interposed between a pair of substrates on which electrodes-are formed. The liquid crystal composite layer is comprised of a matrix and liquid crystal droplets dispersed therein. The matrix is composed of an inorganic oxide or its gel of the formula MOx (M: one or more metal elements selected from, La, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Al, Ga, Ge, Pb or Sb; x: half of the total valence number of the one or more metal elements), or a mixture thereof with an inorganic oxide or its gel of formula ABOx (A: one or more metal elements selected from alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals or Pb; B: one or more metal elements of transition metals; x: a number larger than 0 (zero) and not-larger than 3). A polymer soluble in polar solvent may be added to adjust the dielectric constant of the matrix.

Abstract: In a starting clutch, an oil path for operating the clutch is provided independently of an oil path for cooling a frictional surface. That is, there is provided an oil path exclusively for cooling the frictional surface. Accordingly, a necessary amount of oil can be supplied to the frictional surface, which can thus be cooled efficiently.

Abstract: A diffraction grating is set between a light source and a fly-eye lens composed of a plurality of lens elements rectangular in cross section, and using the zeroth order diffraction beam and .+-.first order diffraction beams emergent from the diffraction grating, a plurality of light source images are formed along the longitudinal direction on the exit plane of each lens element in the fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A position detecting device comprises a pattern member having conductive patterns arranged in plural tracks; a slidable member having plural sliding pieces capable of sliding on the conductive patterns, wherein each of the sliding pieces assumes either a conductive state in contact with one of the conductive patterns or a non-conductive state not in contact with the conductive pattern; a signal processing device for detecting sets of the conductive patterns and the sliding pieces in conductive state, by transmitting electrical signals through the conductive patterns and the sliding pieces; and a discriminating device for identifying the relative position between the conductive patterns and the sliding pieces when the the conductive patterns and the sliding pieces in conductive state are detected at least a predetermined number of times or over at least a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A diffraction grating is set between a light source and a fly-eye lens composed of a plurality of lens elements rectangular in cross section, and using the zeroth order diffraction beam and .+-.first order diffraction beams emergent from the diffraction grating, a plurality of light source images are formed along the longitudinal direction on the exit plane of each lens element in the fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A camera capable of operating in a red-eye prevention mode. The camera has an electronic flash device which is activated by a drive circuit in synchronization with the exposure. The electronic flash device also serve as a pre-light-emission device capable of performing pre-light-emission for the purpose of preventing red-eye effect. When it is judged from the photographing condition that red-eye effect may occur, a controller activates the electronic flash device to effect a pre-light-emission for reducing the size of pupils of eyes of a person to be photographed, before the main flashing which is executed in synchronization with the exposure.

Abstract: A substrate has a plurality of areas, from which several specific areas are selected. The coordinate positions of the specific areas on a static coordinate system are measured and the coordinate positions of the specific areas on the static coordinate system are calculated by the statistic calculation. For the respective specific areas, the calculated coordinate positions are subtracted from the measured coordinate positions to obtain the respective nonlinear position errors of the specific areas. When there is a peculiar area where the nonlinear position error exceeds an allowed value, the coordinate position of at least one area around the peculiar area is measured to obtain the nonlinear position error thereof.

Abstract: In order to improve the transmission efficiency of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission by reducing the dynamic torque loss of an antifriction bearing, a first output gear is constituted by a pair of helical gears of which the directions of inclinations are opposite to each other, and a second output gear is constituted by a double helical gear. By this construction, a thrust force created in the meshing portion between the first and second output gears is offset and the dynamic torque loss of the antifriction bearing is reduced.

Abstract: A progressive lens including, along a principal meridional line dividing a refracting surface of the lens into a nasal side area and a temporal side area, a far viewing portion having a surface refracting power corresponding to a far view, a near viewing portion having a surface refracting power corresponding to a close-range view, and an intermediate viewing portion continuously connecting the refracting powers of the two portions together between the far viewing portion and the near viewing portion, a distance along the principal meridional line between a far viewing center of the far viewing portion and a near viewing center of the near viewing portion being within 18 mm, a width of a clear vision area in the near viewing portion being greater than or equal to a width of a clear vision area in the far viewing portion.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for surface position detection, a position of a detection surface is determined by illuminating the detection surface with detection light, receiving detection light from the detection surface, designating different parts of the detection surface in accordance with a structure within an illuminated area on the detection surface, and detecting, based on information of the received light and information of the designated parts of the detection surface, positions corresponding to the designated parts of the detection surface.

Abstract: This invention provides a microscope for operation which can form a black point for protecting a patient's retina even when the retina part is not at the center of the field of view of the microscope. The microscope for operation has an X-Y stage for moving the microscope body, a CCD camera for obtaining an image in the field of view of the microscope, a liquid crystal device provided with a light transmitting surface transmitting illuminating light therethrough and comprised of display dots disposed in the form of a matrix, and a control device for controlling and driving the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspecting method are provided to conduct discriminating detection of minute circuit patterns and foreign particles as well as to detect defectives on the surface of a substrate with a high precision. The beams from a laser light source are converged by a lens to be incident upon an inspecting point. The light emitted from the inspecting point by the incident beam is detected by a photoreceiver. On the light receiving surface of the photoreceiver, a plurality of light receiving areas are provided. Each of the light receiving areas has longitudinal direction and shorter direction on its positively projected view. The arrangement of the light receiving areas is selected in accordance with the arrangement information of the patterns formed on the substrate. The foreign particles and the patterns are distinguished by obtaining the logical product of the output signals from the selected light receiving area.

Abstract: A pair of reference plates is so arranged as to have a predetermined positional relationship on a carriage that integrally holds a mask and a photosensitive substrate such that the mask and the photosensitive substrate oppose each other on two sides of a projecting optical system. By periodically detecting the positional relationship between the reference plates in the optical axis direction, a variation with time occurring in the detection characteristics of position detecting devices is detected. Both stable image formation characteristics and a high throughput are realized by correcting a driving signal to be supplied to a driving device in accordance with the detected variation.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus is designed to reduce the influences of alignment errors due to dynamic fluctuations and improve the throughput while basically using an off-axis alignment scheme. A wafer stage on which a test wafer is place is step-driven in accordance with a shot arrangement in an exposure operation. Subsequently, variations in position of the wafer stage, which occur while the position of alignment marks observed by a TTR alignment system coincide with aimed positions, are stored. In an exposure operation with respect to a wafer to be exposed, the prestored variations in position of the wafer stage are reproduced when alignment of each shot area is performed in accordance with the position of each alignment mark, detected by an off-axis alignment system.

Abstract: A zoom lens is composed of a first lens group of a negative refractive power, a second lens group of a positive refractive power and a third lens group of a positive refractive power, in which, in the zooming operation from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, the distance between the first and second lens groups decreases and the distance between the second and third lens groups varies.

Abstract: An automatic light modulating camera effecting a preliminary light emission and a main light emission, extracts effective light metering areas from plural light metering areas based on the light metering signals obtained at the preliminary light emission and on lens signals indicating the states of a phototaking lens at the preliminary light emission, and terminates the main light emission based on the light metering signals obtained in the effective light metering areas.

Abstract: A camera capable of operation in continuous photography and one-frame photography modes has an automatically activated flash device the operation of which may be inhibited by the user when desired. In a preferred embodiment, when the camera is in the continuous photography mode and the user has inhibited the flash device, the inhibition of the flash device is maintained upon completion of continuous photography. One-frame photography may be performed while the camera is in the continuous photography mode, and while maintaining inhibition of the flash device, by momentary depression of the shutter release button. If the camera is operated in the one-frame photography mode and the flash device is inhibited, inhibition of the flash device is automatically cancelled after each exposure.