Abstract: A high accuracy atomic frequency standard and clock which utilizes a micrmputer. The microcomputer compensates for aging and temperature variations in the atomic standard and its slave crystal oscillator and generates an error signal which is used to either correct the frequency of the slave crystal oscillator or to adjust the number of clock pulses per unit time interval. No C-field adjustment is employed.

Abstract: A long life high current density cathode is made from a mixture of tungsten nd iridium powders by processing the mixture of powders with an activator into a porous billet, and then impregnating the billet with a low melting point impregnant by firing the billet in a dry hydrogen furnace at a temperature at which the impregnant melts.

Abstract: An azimuthally circumscribed section of a hollow hemispherical magnetic flux source (i.e., a quarter-spherical or one eighth-spherical structure) has a superconducting planar sheet abutting one flat face of the section and, at least, a second planar sheet of selected material (e.g., paramagnetic or diamagnetic) abutting another flat face of the section and perpendicular to the first sheet. The magnetic "mirror" image of the magnetic section in the diamagnetic (superconductor) plane and the virtual (anti-mirror and/or mirror) image(s) in the other perpendicular plane(s) makes the central cavity appear (magnetically) exactly as if a complete "magic sphere" were its source. The central or working cavity is readily accessible through a hole in the first or second planar sheet.

Abstract: A tetrahedral junction waveguide switch is provided having two axially juxtaposed sections of hollow rectangular waveguide which are mutually cross-polarized by being rotated 90 degrees with respect to each other. A rod of a ferrite material having gyromagnetic properties is axially disposed within the juxtaposed ends of the waveguide sections and is selectively axially magnetized to control transmission of RF electromagnetic wave energy through the sections. A permanent magnet structure having a unique cladding arrangement which minimizes flux leakage and produces a magnet of high coercive force is employed to produce a unidirectional magnetic bias field along the longitudinal axis of the rod to keep the switch in a low loss transmission state by virtue of Reggia-Spencer effect signal rotation. A selectively operable helical coil is utilized to produce another axial magnetic field which nullifies the bias magnetic field when it is desired to place the switch in a high loss or cut-off transmission state.

Abstract: An alkaline earth-oxyhalide electrochemical cell is improved in its low teratures operation by including bromine in the electrolyte of the cell.

Abstract: An electromagnetic railgun. The device features two electrically connected parallel rails. One end of each rail may be connected to a D.C. voltage source. At least one of the rails has a hole for closely receiving a metallic projectile. When the projectile is within the hole and the voltage is applied, currents flow through the two rails. Interaction of the currents with the self generated magnetic field causes a repulsive force between the two rails and launches the projectile outward from the rails.

Abstract: A cathode is made from a mixture of tungsten and iridium powders using a ium iridiate formed from barium peroxide and iridium oxide as the impregnant.

Abstract: A linear array of clad truncated magic ring segments. Each segment has an entrance and exit hole in its respective cladding magnets. The individual segments are arranged to provide a periodic permanent magnet structure suitable for use in a wiggler or a twister.

Abstract: A microstrip phase scan antenna array is provided having a columnar array microstrip radiating patches mounted on a dielectric substrate. Each column of the array is fed by a separate variable, reciprocal ferrite rod phase shifter which is mounted on the substrate and is coupled to the column which it controls and to a source of millimeter wave energy by microstrip to dielectric waveguide transitions. Each of the phase shifters is controlled by a helical biasing coil surrounding the ferrite rod. All of the biasing coils are serially interconnected by a single scanning control drive wire and the numbers of turns of the coils are related to each other by an arithmetic progression in which the number of turns of a particular biasing coil differs from the number of turns of the adjacent biasing coil in the sequence of biasing coils controlling the array by a constant amount.

Abstract: An acceleration hardened resonator is made by a method including the steps f:(A) manufacturing and mounting the resonator,(B) performing acceleration tests to determine the acceleration sensitivity,(C) changing the interaction of the motional distribution with the stress field of the resonator in order to reduce the acceleration sensitivity, and(D) repeating steps (B) and (C) until a minimal acceleration sensitivity is obtained.

Abstract: A hollow spherical flux source produces a uniform high-field in its central cavity. The sphere is comprised of a selected magnetic material whose magnetization is aximuthally symmetrical. The magnetic orientation (.alpha.) in the spherical permanent magnet shell is given by the equation:.alpha.=z.theta.where .theta. is the polar angle.

Abstract: A hollow hemispherical flux source produces a uniform high-field in its central cavity. The hemisphere is comprised of a selected magnetic material whose magnetization is azimuthally symmetrical. The magnetic orientation (.alpha.) in the hemispherical permanent magnet shell is given by the equation:.alpha.=2.theta.where .theta. is the polar angle. A planar plate of high saturation, high permeability material closes the open end of the hemisphere. An axial bore hole through the hemisphere and/or through the planar plate provides the requisite accessability.

Abstract: Periodic permanent magnet structures comprise a plurality of azimuthally cumscribed sections of hollow spherical flux sources such that each flat face of said sections abuts one or more superconducting planar sheets. The superconducting sheets act as magnetic mirrors to complete the magnetic image of the sections. This produces a uniform high field in the central cavity(s). Each spherical section has an axial bore hole through its magnetic poles. The flux sources are arranged tangent to each other with the bore holes coaxially aligned to form a continuous channel through which charges particles may travel.

Abstract: An electromagnetic railgun. The device features two electrically connected parallel rails. One end of each rail may be connected to a D.C. voltage source. At least one of the rails has a hole for closely receiving a metallic projectile. When the projectile is within the hole and the voltage is applied, currents flow through the two rails. Interaction of the currents with the self generated magnetic field causes a repulsive force between the two rails and launches the projectile outward from the rails.

Abstract: A ferrite element for millimeter-wave ferrite control devices is made by -plasma-spraying ferrite material into a mold type cavity having the configuration of the desired ferrite element.

Abstract: Permanent magnet structures are fabricated from a plurality of hollow cylrical flux sources, the sources displaced radially from each other progressively along the structures' elongate axes so as to produce a heliform magnetic field extending centrally in a passage through the structures. Superconducting plates are interspersed between adjacent flux sources and also cover the end faces of the array.

Abstract: A high energy, optically controlled kilovolt semiconductor switch is provd including a bulk piece of high resistivity semiconductor for illumination by a high speed laser, said semiconductor having a thick highly doped epitaxial layer of P+ impurity grown on one side of the semiconductor, and a thick highly doped epitaxial layer of N+ impurity grown on the opposite side of the semiconductor with metallic electrodes deposited on the respective epitaxial layers using standard ohmic contact procedures.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising lithium as the anode, the lithium intelating compound Li.sub.x CoO.sub.2 (O<X<1) as the cathode, and a solution of a lithium salt in a mixed organic solvent of methylformate and diethylcarbonate as the electrolyte.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a ferrite circulator, a ferrite material is introdu into the cavity area of a microstrip circuit or substrate by arc plasma spraying, thus eliminating any chance of gaps between ferrite material and microstrip circuit material.

Abstract: Overcharge protection is provided for a rechargeable lithium-organic eleclyte battery by including lithium bromide in the electrolyte.