Abstract: A printhead assembly to eject ink onto an intermediate transfer medium to form an image and an inkjet printer with the same are provided. The printhead assembly has a plurality of printheads disposed around the intermediate transfer medium to eject ink thereto; a supporting body to connect the plural printheads together; a printhead reciprocating unit to reciprocate the supporting body in a major scanning direction; and a printhead adjusting unit to move the supporting body to adjust an interalignment in the major scanning direction of the plural printheads.

Abstract: A disc defect management method and apparatus using a defect management area that can be updated, and a write once disc incorporating the method. A data area is disposed between a lead-in area and a lead-out area. The disc includes a defect management area (DMA) that is present in at least one of the lead-in area or the lead-out area, wherein defect information and defect management information are repeatedly recorded in the DMA according to a recording operation. Accordingly, the disc defect management method and apparatus enable effective use of the defect management area. The method is also applicable to a multi layer disc having a user data area on each layer. The defect information and the defect management information for an individual defect may include cumulative defect information and defect management information related to previously identified defects.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of embedding a watermark into original information, transmitting the watermarked information, and reconstructing the watermark from the transmitted watermarked information include embedding a portion of a plurality of components constituting the watermark into the original information, and using the remaining portion of the components as keys for reconstructing the watermark. According to the method, since a size of data to be embedded is greatly reduced, degradation of the watermarked information is prevented, and the information becomes more robust against hacking attacks or errors occurring in a variety of ways when transmitting the information.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a photosensitive drum and a developing roller for coating a developer on the photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus includes a plurality of light scanning units. Each of the light scanning units scans a light on the photosensitive drum to sharingly form an electrostatic latent image thereon. A selective input unit is provided to select between a normal mode and a saving mode. A controller controls, in the saving mode, a relatively less number of the light scanning units to scan the light on the photosensitive drum, as compared with in the normal mode. Thus, the developer can be saved in a simple and effective way.

Abstract: A write once disc includes a defect management area that is present in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area; a temporary defect management area that is present in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area; and a drive & disc information area that is present in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area. Information regarding the locations of temporary defect information and temporary defect management information is recorded in the drive & disc information area, the temporary defect information and temporary defect management information, which includes drive & disc information, are recorded in the temporary defect management area, and temporary defect information and temporary defect management information, which are lastly recorded in the temporary defect management area, are recorded in the defect management area for disc finalization.

Abstract: In a data demodulating method and apparatus, and a code arranging method, a multiplexer multiplexes an input data stream divided by a predetermined length into a plurality of types of pseudo-random data streams using multiplexed information of predetermined bits by applying a predetermined multiplexing method to each of the pseudo-random data streams. An encoder RLL-modulates the plurality of types of pseudo-random data streams to create a modulated code stream including a minimum of DC components. The multiplexer generates the random data streams by inconsecutively scrambling the input data stream using the multiplexed information. The encoder weak DC-free RLL-modulates each of the multiplexed data streams without using a DC control sub code conversion table to which additional bits are added and provides a code stream including a minimum of DC components among multiplexed, RLL-modulated code streams.

Abstract: An information storage medium and an apparatus for recording and/or reproducing the information storage medium capable of controlling optimal recording power without an influence of an optimal power control (OPC) area in a layer upon an OPC area in a different layer. The information storage medium includes at least one information storage layer including an optimal power control area for obtaining an optical recording condition. OPC areas in adjacent information storage layers are disposed within different radiuses of the information storage medium. Accordingly, even when the information storage medium is made eccentric or has a manufacturing error, a recording property of the information storage medium is prevented from being degraded due to an influence of an OPC area in an information storage layer upon an OPC area in an adjacent information storage layer.

Abstract: A roller device for an image forming apparatus includes a rotary roller having a shaft; and a driving gear connected with the shaft to rotate together with the roller and integrally including a gear unit for power transmission and a bushing unit for position control of the roller. The shaft is engaged with a shaft hole formed to the driving gear and having a predetermined depth. The bushing unit of the driving gear is supported by a bushing support unit of a frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of controlling battery discharge. A number of battery switching operations is minimized by detecting a remaining voltage capacity of each of a plurality of batteries supplying a battery-powered electronic device with power. The remaining voltage capacities of an internal battery and an external battery are detected and corresponding flags are set for the internal and external batteries according to predetermined conditions. A discharge status of at least one of the internal battery and the external battery is controlled by referring to the flags and a remaining voltage capacity of each of the internal battery and the external battery.

Abstract: An electronic device operable from one of an external power supply and a battery. The electronic device includes a display part, a power converter, an inverter generating an operating voltage for the display part, a system part generating information to be displayed on the display part and operable from an output of the power converter, a battery, an input power detector, and a switching controller. The switching controller controls power to the inverter so that where the input power detector detects availability of an external power, the switching controller supplies the external power to the power converter and the power converter supplies power to the inverter to generate the operating voltage for the display part; and where the input power detector detects the external power is not available, the switching system supplies battery power to the power converter and the inverter independently.

Abstract: An optical recording medium allowing data to be recorded on, erased from, and reproduced from, and storing information about power levels of an erase pulse. The recorded erase pattern information may include information about power levels of first and last pulses of an erase pattern for erasing data. The first and last pulses of the erase pattern can be differently set depending on the differing kind of recording layer or layers of a disk or differing kinds of disks and recorded in a reproducible only area or rewritable area of the optical recording medium. Thus, by presetting the appropriate erase power levels, the time required for selecting an optimal erase power for the optical recording medium can be considerably reduced.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for constructing a parity check matrix for use in a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme are provided. The apparatus includes at least one index generator for generating row indexes of “1”s, which indicate row positions of the “1”s in each column of the parity check matrix, wherein the index generator is implemented by a modular shift register generator that generates a row index of a “1” at each clock.

Abstract: An information storage medium, a replacement information management method, a recording/reproducing apparatus, and a host apparatus are provided. The information storage medium includes: a defect list for storing replacement entries having replacement information related to replacement of defects detected in data recorded on the medium or replacement to update data recorded on the medium, wherein at least one replacement entry having invalid replacement information among the replacement entries stored in the defect list is deleted. Accordingly, an overflow of the defect list can be prevented and the size of the defect list can be minimized, thereby increasing medium usage efficiency.

Abstract: A disc having an updatable defect management area used by an apparatus for managing defects on the disc, the disc including a user data area which includes user data, a spare area that is a substitute area for a defect existing in the user data area, and an area in which are recorded an address of data that is last recorded in the user data area and an address of a replacement data recorded in the spare area. Accordingly, the disc defect management method and apparatus are applicable to a recordable disc such as a write-once disc while effectively using a defect management area of the disc.

Abstract: A recording medium storing a write protection information, and a write protection method for protecting data recorded on a recordable and/or rewritable disc from unwanted overwriting or erasing. In order for write protection of a disc in a bare state that is usually used in a cartridge having a recognition switch for write-protection, such as a DVD-RAM, write protection information is recorded in a Lead-in area, a Lead-out area or a recording information area other than a user data area of the disc, and the data is protected from unwanted overwriting or erasing using the write protection information. Also, even though the write protection information stored on a disc does not match the state of a recognition switch of a case for write-protection, the data can be prevented from unwanted overwriting or erasing. Thus, the write protection can be ensured when a recordable and/or rewritable recording medium, such as DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD-RW, is used in a bare state.

Abstract: An information storage medium having a lead-in area, a user data area, and a lead-out area, wherein information regarding whether additional information is recorded as wobbling pits is recorded in at least a portion of at least one of the lead-in and the lead-out areas.

Abstract: A super-resolution information storage medium having recording marks or pits that are smaller than the resolution limit of a beam incident from an information recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and the information recording and/or reproducing apparatus. The information storage medium includes a substrate and at least one super-resolution reproduction layer containing a super-resolution material and a high melting point material with a melting point higher than that of the super-resolution material formed on the substrate. The high melting point material suppresses movement of the super-resolution material in a melted phase so as to prevent signal degradation caused by repeated reproduction.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus which adjusts a signal read from an optical disc in order to obtain stable binary data. The signal adjustment method comprises (a) detecting a period of an input signal of a predetermined code; (b) determining whether the detected period is smaller than a predetermined value; and (c) if the detected period is determined to be smaller than the predetermined value, adjusting the input signal so that its period equals the predetermined value, and outputting the input signal. The signal adjustment method and apparatus of the present invention reduce errors and improve system performance, when a signal input to the binary processor does not meet its code feature.

Abstract: A recording medium includes moving picture data having first audio or first audio and second audio, and basic unit information having first state information on the first audio and second state information on the second audio. The first state information represents an original audio state in which the first audio is original audio, or a secondary audio state in which the first audio is secondary audio recorded over part or all of the original audio. The second state information represents a state in which the second audio is original audio, a state in which the second audio is secondary audio recorded over part or all of the original audio, a state in which the second audio is dummy audio which is exactly the same as the first audio, or a state in which the second audio is secondary audio recorded over part or all of the dummy audio.

Abstract: A wireless charging and power system for electronic devices and method for communicating power to a power receiver employing wireless energy transmission are disclosed. The remote charging system includes a power transmission unit, which transmits energy as a plurality of constructive transmitted frequencies, and a power receiver system that receives the transmitted frequencies. The power receiver system is preferably incorporated in a device and includes an energy receptor capable of receiving the wireless transmitted energy and transferring the energy from the transmitted frequencies to an energy storage device included in the device. The power transmission unit receives and tracks a power request signal from the power receiver system to track the power receiver system location during energy transmission. Data streams may be incorporated into the wireless signals of the remote charging system, allowing the remote charging system to function as a communications pathway as well as a power delivery system.