Abstract: A negative active material of a rechargeable lithium battery includes a crystalline carbon core having an intensity ratio Ra I(1360)/I(1580) of a Raman Spectroscopy peak intensity I(1360) at a (1360) plane to an Raman Spectroscopy peak intensity I(1580) at a (1580) plane of 0.01 to 0.45 and a shell with a turbostratic or half-onion ring structure coated on the core, the shell including crystalline micro-particles and a semi-crystalline carbon, the shell having an intensity ratio Ra I(1360)/I(1580) of a Raman Spectroscopy peak intensity I(1360) at a (1360) plane to a Raman Spectroscopy peak intensity I(1580) at a (1580) plane of 0.46 to 1.5.

Abstract: A zoom lens optical system having a third lens unit including a first correction lens unit of negative (?) power and a second correcting lens unit arranged behind the first correcting lens unit in an optical path and having positive (+) power. The system can minimize aberration variation upon hand-shaking correction and obtain high resolution upon OIS application since the third lens unit for correcting the hand-shaking is formed with a lens group of plural lenses having negative (?) power and positive (+) power. Further, the system can enhance a response speed since the minimization of aberration variation upon the hand-shaking correction can reduce driving load when lenses move due to short movement distance of the third lens unit.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; barrier ribs disposed between the first and second substrates to partition a plurality of discharge cells; address electrodes formed on the first substrate to extend in a first direction corresponding to the discharge cells; display electrodes formed on the second substrate to extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction corresponding to the discharge cells; phosphor layers formed in inner portions of the discharge cells; and a dielectric layer formed on the second substrate to cover the display electrodes, wherein the dielectric layer is constructed with a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes.

Abstract: A recording medium storing information indicating that linking is applied immediately after the defective area, distinguishing a linking type which occurs in a general incremental recording mode from a linking type which occurs after the defective area. Defective areas are detected and registered in a predetermined area (recording management data (RMD) area) before user data is recorded or while user data is being recorded in the recording medium having a plurality of continuous basic recording units, such as a digital versatile disc-rewritable (DVD-RW) in which recording and reproducing can be done repeatedly. Linking is not only applied in an incremental recording mode or in a restricted overwrite recording mode, but linking is also applied to an area immediately after the defective area which is registered in the defect list, increasing reliability of the user data.

Abstract: An optical disc on which data is recorded and/or from which the data is reproduced, includes a recording area where the data is recorded in at least one physical cluster, a defective area, where a defect that prevents a recording and/or reproduction of data is present, provided in the recording area, and a recording end area where information indicating an end of recording is recorded before the defective area. A method of recording data on and/or reproducing the data from a high density optical disc having a defective area, includes recording the data in a predetermined recording area having the defective area, and recording end data indicating an end of the recording before the defective area.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a TFT using dual or multiple gates, and a TFT having superior characteristics and uniformity by providing a method of fabricating a TFT using dual or multiple gates by calculating the probability including Nmax, the maximum number of crystal grain boundaries in active channel regions according to the length of the active channels, and adjusting a gap between the active channels capable of synchronizing the number of the crystal grain boundaries in each active channel region of the TFT using the dual or multiple gates in the case where Gs, the size of crystal grains of polycrystalline silicon forming a TFT substrate, ? angle in which “primary” crystal grain boundaries are inclined at a direction perpendicular to an active channel direction of the gates, the width of the active channels and the length of the active channels are determined.

Abstract: A print medium feeding apparatus, comprising: a knockup plate on which a ream of print medium is stacked thereon; a pickup roller for picking up a sheet of print medium stacked on the knockup plate; a sheet separation member installed in a manner to form a contact nip with the pickup roller, and supplying friction force for separating the print medium sheet by sheet; and a friction pad disposed at an upper side of the sheet separation member, being in front of the contact nip. The print medium feeding apparatus of the present invention features an improved paper feeding capacity in that variable friction force is applied for separating printing medium. Moreover, since the friction pad does not come in contact with the pickup roller, the abrasion rate of the friction pad is much reduced. Furthermore, the material cost can be reduced by reducing the size of the friction pad.

Abstract: A light-emitting polymer composition for a light-emitting layer in an organic EL display device includes at least first and second light-emitting polymers having different interfacial characteristics which lower a cohesion between elements of the first and second light-emitting polymers.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for generating a block-based low density parity check (LDPC) matrix, where calculation of an inverse matrix is not necessary and back-substitution is possible over the entire matrix area, and a recording medium having recorded thereon code for implementing the method. An area of the LDPC matrix is vertically divided based on respective lengths of first and second parity bit vectors and, a block-based matrix is generated such that a double diagonal matrix is arranged in an upper portion of an area corresponding to the second parity bit vector among areas into which the LDPC matrix is vertically divided., The area of the LDPC matrix is horizontally divided based on a position of the double diagonal matrix, and block-based matrices are generated in the divided areas of the LDPC matrix, to satisfy a condition that column weights (Wc) are uniform.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a laser scanning unit having at least two laser diodes to form an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive body with laser beams emitted from the laser diodes; an engine driving unit having at least one driving motor to drive a plurality of built-in units; and a control unit arranged to control one of the laser scanning unit and the engine driving unit so as to adjust a process speed of the engine driving unit or a scan speed of the laser scanning unit with a certain rate depending on a selected resolution in order to enhance a resolution of an image.

Abstract: A disk drive including a tray and an opener. The tray includes a disk cartridge mounted thereon and is loaded into and unloaded from a main body. The opener is installed in the main body and elastically contacts a guide formed on the tray. The opener includes a second gear and a first protrusion. The second gear rotates a rotating wheel when in contact with a first gear. The first protrusion formed on a first end of the second gear temporarily rotates the rotating wheel so that the first and second gears can mesh. The guide has a first cam that moves the opener such that the first protrusion does not interfere with the latch when the tray is loaded/unloaded.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus that includes a light source receiving printing data to generate a scanning beam; a polygon mirror receiving the scanning beam to scan in a predetermined width; a reflection mirror reflecting the scanned beam; a blocking member moving between a blocking position blocking the scanning beam and an non-blocking position allowing the scanning beam to pass; a developing cartridge provided to move inside/outside of the image forming apparatus to move the blocking member, and accommodating a photosensitive body receiving the scanning beam reflected by the reflection mirror; a sensor interposed between the polygon mirror and the reflection mirror to detect a first position of the scanned beam; and a controller determining whether the developing cartridge is mounted on the basis of the detected signal of the sensor.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding apparatus and method thereof includes first and second soft encoders, a transmission channel, and first and second soft decoders. The first soft encoder performs a first soft encoding of input data to correct errors in the input data and outputting first soft-encoded data. The second soft encoder receives the first soft-encoded data, performs a second soft encoding to determine a success or failure of the encoding of the first soft-encoded data, and outputs second soft-encoded data. The first soft decoder soft-decodes data input through a transmission channel and corresponds to the second soft encoding, and outputs first soft-decoded data. The second soft decoder receives the first soft-decoded data, soft-decodes the first soft-decoded data corresponding to the first soft encoding, and outputs second soft-decoded data and additional information indicating the success or failure of the decoding of the first soft-decoded data.

Abstract: A device and method of data reproduction that can achieve a reference level optimizing the characteristic of a channel and can be applied to the reproduction of data on an optical disk are provided. According to the device and method, even when an input signal is in an abnormal state, an input level value can be initialized so that a Viterbi decoder can normally operate.

Abstract: A recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method with signal quality determining device and a method thereof, with the signal quality determining device including a signal estimator determining a level corresponding to a sample value of the RF signal using binary data obtained from the RF signal and generating a selection signal corresponding to the determined level, a channel identifier classifying the sample value into a plurality of levels according to the selection signal and obtaining an average value of the sample values classified into each level, and a quality calculator outputting a signal quality value representing quality of the RF signal using each sample value output from the channel identifier and the average value of the sample values classified into each level. Accordingly, quality of an RF signal can be determined more exactly, and focus compensation, tilt compensation, detrack compensation, and recording signal optimization can be performed using the determined signal quality.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly having a separating plate interposed between an anode plate and a cathode plate. A container receives the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte. The container is electrically connected to one of the anode plate and the cathode plate. Also, the secondary battery includes a cap assembly having an electrode terminal electrically connected to one of an end of the anode plate and the cathode plate. The cap assembly is fixed to an opening of the container to seal the same. Also included is a safety device having a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) element contacting the container without an element interposed therebetween.

Abstract: An information storage medium, a recording and/or reproducing apparatus and a recording and/or reproducing method area, the information storage medium including an access control area for recording access control data (ACD) having common information set so that even a recording and/or reproducing apparatus that cannot recognize a predetermined function applied to the medium can control access to the medium, the ACD including ACD attribute information providing information indicating whether or not to delete the ACD when the medium is re-initialized. According to the information storage medium, when the disc is re-initialized, by recording common information in relation to disc access control which even a drive system with a different standard can know, a drive system that cannot recognize a function applied to the disc as well as a drive system that can recognize the function can perform an appropriate operation by referring to this common information, such that compatibility of the disc can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and correcting an error in a wobble signal, includes a window generator which generates a window signal using a phase locked wobble signal, which is generated in synchronization with a raw wobble signal rwb obtained by binarizing the wobble signal read from an optical recording medium, and a control operation unit which corrects the error in the rwb signal and outputs the corrected rwb signal where the error in the rwb signal is detected in the window signal. Accordingly, the error in the wobble signal can be detected and corrected using the window signal, thereby increasing the performance of an optical recording/reproducing system and improving a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit using the apparatus.

Abstract: An information storage medium having a plurality of information storage layers, each of which includes an optimal power control (OPC) area for obtaining an optimal recording condition, wherein OPC areas in odd-numbered and even-numbered information storage layers are disposed not to face each other and not to contact each other, or partially overlap each other and lock out use of the overlapped portion. Therefore, when an OPC area of one information storage layer performs OPC, this OPC does not affect another information storage layer.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a program containing video data and/or audio data and navigation information which defines a thumbnail, wherein the thumbnail relates to the program and is reproduceable as moving pictures. The recording medium may include a plurality of programs and the thumbnail may identify or represent one or more of the programs. By assigning a predetermined interval of a bit stream corresponding to a program as a thumbnail, the recording medium having the thumbnail thereon, that can be reproduced as moving pictures, can be obtained.