Abstract: The process of the invention is directed to the synthesis of cationic type surfactant compounds consisting of natural basic-character amino acids, and any of their homologs, suitably modified for the purpose of obtaining products having specific applications as antimicrobial (biocidal) agents. The process comprises a first step of esterification of an amino acid, and a second step of the condensation of a fatty acid chloride with an esterified amino acid derivative. Nontoxic reaction media and catalysts are used, and a final product free from impurities is obtained. The cost of the process of the invention is reduced from prior art processes due to the use of cheaper starting materials and simpler equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the wear of the belt mantle of an extended-nip roll including a resilient belt mantle arranged to revolve on support of bearings around a stationary central axle. The central axle has loading members connected with it, such as a loading shoe, which are pressed by the pressure of a loading medium, such as hydraulic fluid, towards a backup roll, whereby the belt mantle conforms to the shape of the backup roll in the area of the shoe. Actuators connected with the ends of the belt mantle are provided and act with a force upon the ends of the belt mantle of the extended-nip roll so that the direction of stretching of the belt mantle of the extended-nip roll is reversed alternatingly by controlling the actuators and/or locking devices which lock the ends of the belt mantle.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a paper web in a dryer section having a number of successive dryer groups with a single-wire draw, and being situated after a press section of the paper machine. Each dryer group includes contact-drying cylinders arranged in a first row and reversing suction cylinders or equivalent suction rolls arranged in a second row, the rows being horizontal, diagonal or vertical rows. The paper web is dried by contact-drying cylinders from the side of its lower face across the entire length of the dryer section. The paper web is passed as a closed draw from one dryer group to the next group, and the paper web is guided, while it runs on the drying wire at the side of the outside curve, by the reversing suction cylinders having a curve radius selected in a range from about 250 mm to about 1000 mm.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure control valve which can be made of aluminum as much as possible and has a comparatively light weight and wherein a seat member made of steel can be force fitted into a spool of aluminum at a room temperature. The pressure control valve includes a relief valve in a spool which is formed from aluminum. A sleeve made of steel is force fitted at a room temperature into a portion of an inner face of the spool in which a seat is inserted. The end portion of the spool in which the seat is inserted is bent by caulking to prevent coming off of the seat.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a coating on a paper web or equivalent in which the direction of running of the paper web is turned, free of contact, by blowings produced by a turning device and the coating on the paper web is dried free of contact by blowings of drying devices placed at both sides of the paper web. The direction of running of the paper web is turned by drying blowings. The exhaust air of the turning device and drying device, which is placed at the side of the turning device, is removed from direct vicinity of the paper web or equivalent by a common exhaust device. The turning device and drying device are placed under and within a common box construction so that access of the exhaust air into the surrounding space is prevented. The device includes a turning device for turning the running direction of the paper web free of contact and a drying device for contact-free drying of the coating on the paper web.

Abstract: Master disks for providing dies in particular for pressing optical disks, methods of manufacturing same, pressing dies obtained from such master disks and optical disks obtained from the latter and such pressing dies, the master disks consisting of a support carrying at its surface a succession of microcups representative of the information to be duplicated and consisting of a hard, conducting material reflecting in the near infrared range and selected from a zirconium, hafnium or titanium nitride or carbonitride, a hard ceramic reflecting in the near infrared range and conducting at the surface only and a hard glass reflecting in the near infrared range and conducting at the surface only.

Abstract: A web cutting device for cutting a web in which a an actuator acts upon a cutter blade so as to produce the cutting stroke. The actuator includes several cylinders placed inside a container or alternatively a number of cylinders placed individually in a plurality of containers. Each of the cylinders includes a piston and a piston rod, the piston rods being attached to the cutter blade with a certain spacing along the length of the cutter blade in a direction transverse to the running direction of the web.

Abstract: A twin-wire gap former in a paper machine in which an outer wire and an inner wire are guided by guide rolls and by web forming members. The wires form a twin-wire zone which starts from a forming gap into which a slice part of a headbox feeds a stock suspension jet. The forming gap is followed by a curved portion of the twin-wire zone which is guided by a first forming roll placed inside the loop of one of the wires. The forming-gap arrangement includes two opposite tip plates which define a slice channel between them. The lip plates extend deep into the forming gap so that the free ends of the lip plates are placed in direct vicinity of the forming wires or in contact with the wires. On the curve sector of the twin-wire zone, which starts after the forming gap and which is guided by the first forming roll, inside the loop of one of the wires, a water drainage box is provided, at which box the edges of the sides that are placed against the inner face to the wire are substantially sealed.

Abstract: A process for producing a meat analogue comprising the steps of liquefying whole vegetables being about 70% to about 99% water, thereby eliminating the need for added water, and blending the liquefied whole vegetables with animal meat to form a blended beef block.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable self-contained device for the detection of microorganisms in a sample of a liquid, semi-liquid or solid test material. Within a single hermetically sealable vessel are a combined sampling and assay assembly, with means for withdrawal of a sample from a material to be tested, and means for applying the withdrawn sample or portions thereof to the assay assembly. The combined sampling and assay assembly includes a carrier member having a head portion with a cap for sealing the vessel, a main body portion having at least one surface that bears a culture medium, and a tip portion. A slide on the carrier member is reciprocal between the head portion and the tip, comprising a resilient sleeve with at least one applicator tongue being resiliently biased into contact with the culture medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical bonding of a polymer/or polymers onto non-metallic substrates such as cellophane by ultrasonic techniques. The cellophane film is preactivated by contacting with silver nitrate solution followed by treatment with potassium hydroxide solution whereby particles of silver and silver oxide are uniformly distributed, in situ, over the surface of cellophane film. The pretreated cellophane film when contacted with grafting solution, that contains monomers, prepolymers, catalyst, graft initiator and other ingredients of the composition, which is being agitated with ultrasonic energy results in polymerization of monomer/prepolymer onto the surface of the cellophane film.

Abstract: A press section for a paper machine employing at least two press nips placed one after the other. Of these nips, at least the first nip is an extended nip or an extended roll nip. The last nip in the press section is placed on a level higher than the preceding nip. The first nip and/or, when more than two nips are employed, the nip that immediately precedes the last nip is/are provided with two press fabrics that receive water. The paper web is transferred on the lower fabric of the two press fabrics onto an upper fabric of the last nip. On the lower face of the upper fabric, the web is transferred into the last nip. After the web transfer point, the upper fabric of the last nip has a relatively short upwardly inclined run. After this, the upper fabric is turned and guided by the lower roll of the last nip over a considerable sector thereof. The last nip is placed after, or at the vicinity of, the uppermost point of the lower roll that forms the last nip.

Abstract: Master disks for providing dies in particular for pressing optical disks, methods of manufacturing same, pressing dies obtained from such master disks and optical disks obtained from the latter and such pressing dies, the master disks consisting of a support carrying at its surface a succession of microcups representative of the information to be duplicated and consisting of a hard, conducting material reflecting in the near infrared range and selected from a zirconium, hafnium or titanium nitride or carbonitride, a hard ceramic reflecting in the near infrared range and conducting at the surface only and a hard glass reflecting in the near infrared range and conducting at the surface only.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug together with an opioid analgesic in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of arthritis.

Abstract: A former section provided with a twin-wire zone in a paper machine including a carrying wire and a covering wire which form the twin-wire zone therebetween them, and web-forming and draining members arranged in the twin-wire zone. In an initial part of the twin-wire zone, a stationary unit of forming ribs is arranged inside a loop of one of the wires and includes transverse forming ribs extending across the entire width of the wires and placed at a distance from one another to define gaps therebetween. A loading unit is placed opposite to these forming ribs inside the loop of the opposite wire and includes spring blades which are loaded against that wire. The dragging and loading areas of these spring blades are placed substantially in the middle areas of the gaps between the forming ribs in the stationary unit of forming ribs to prevent crushing of the web between the forming ribs in the stationary unit of forming ribs.

Abstract: A press section in a paper machine including a first press nip formed between an upper roll and a lower roll whereby a paper web to be dewatered is passed through the first press nip on support of two press felts. The press section includes at least a second and a third press nip formed in connection with a smooth-faced center roil. A press felt is passed through the second and third press nips formed in connection with the center roll. The lower roll in the first nip is a metal-mantle lower roll which has a diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the upper roll in the first nip.

Abstract: A method for treating a liquid flow to be cleaned passing through a flow line into a flotation plant including passing a portion of the liquid flow to be cleaned from the flow line along a first branch line into a pump. The suction capacity of the pump is regulated to draw in a direct flow of gas so that the pump sucks the gas as a direct flow. The drawn-in direct flow of gas is then mixed with the liquid flow in the pump and passed along a discharge pipe of the pump into a mixing part wherein the discharge pipe ends in a pressure release. The remaining portion of the liquid flow to be cleaned from the flow line is then passed along a second branch line into the mixing part. A liquid flow is discharged from the pressure release, the liquid flow including gas bubbles containing dissolved gas.

Abstract: To recover the sodium-sulphur compounds following sodium-based pulp processing, e.g. the ASAM process or basic or acidic sodium sulphite processes, the waste liquor is burnt in a lye burning vat (1) with liquid slag extraction and the exhaust gases are subjected to multi-stage purification with dry fly-ash recovery and the gaseous sulphur compounds are also separated in a multi-stage washing process. The water-soluble components of the fly-ash are taken to the waste liquor to be burnt and thus the sulphur to be recovered in the slag is increased. The slag is dissolved in water and the dissolved sodium compounds are converted by multi-stage carbonisation with a part of the purified flue gas into sodium bicarbonate and H.sub.2 S. The H.sub.2 S is burnt and finally converted into sodium sulphite so that the desired lye for pulping cellulose can be made up from sodium sulphite and carbonate.

Abstract: A method for cutting the leader of the web in a paper or board machine in the dryer section of the machine by a jet of pressurized water. The web is placed against the drying wire when it is being cut, and the jet is directed at the web from the free side of the web. The water jet pressure used is from about 40 bar to about 400 bar, preferably from about 100 bar to about 350 bar, which is produced by an ordinary pressure washer.

Abstract: A method for producing surface-treated paper, in particular of fine paper, and a dry end of a paper machine that makes use of the method. A paper web that has been dewatered by pressing is dried in the forward dryer section, in which drying energy is applied to the paper web over the entire length of the forward dryer section asymmetrically in the z-direction from the side of the bottom face of the web. This step is carried out by a number of successive groups with single-wire draw that are open downward. In this manner, shrinkage of the web both in the machine direction and in the cross direction is reduced or at least partially prevented, which shrinkage tends to take place when the dry solids content becomes higher. Paper broke is removed from underneath the drying groups that are open downward substantially by the force of gravity onto the broke conveyor placed underneath.