Abstract: The invention generally provides the genes of the biotin biosynthetic operon of Bacillus subtilis, and closely related species thereof, and well as constructions useful for high level production of biotin.

Abstract: Amino-amide ruthenium complexes of the general formula RuH(L′{—H})(Y) and RuX(L′{—H})(Y) wherein X signifies chlorine, bromine or iodine, Y signifies a neutral ligand, L′ signifies a monosulphonylated diamine of the general formula R1SO2—HN—CH2—(CH2)n—CH2—NHR4  II′ R1 signifies optionally mono- or multiply fluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, optionally mono- or multiply-substituted aryl, heteroaryl or camphor-10-yl, R4 signifies hydrogen or alkyl, and n signifies 0, 1, 2 or 3. is described.

Abstract: The invention includes (6E)- and (6Z)-isomers of 3,6-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ols and 6-ethyl-3-methyloct-6-en-1-ols and their mixtures. The mixtures are free from their corresponding oct-5-ene double bond isomers. Processes of preparing odorant compositions containing these compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Novel proteins of microorganism E-396 (FERM BP-4283) and the DNA sequences which encode these proteins have been discovered to provide an improved biosynthetic pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate and isopentyl pyrophosphate to various carotenoids, especially zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, adonixanthin and canthaxanthin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heat tolerant phytases and DNA sequences which code therefor. The phytases are useful in hydrolyzing phytate to inositol and inorganic phosphates. The phytases are valuable feed additives.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of 2-oxo-1,3-dibenzyl-cis-4,5-imidazolidinedicarboxylic acid and of 2-oxo-1,3-dibenzyl-cis-4,5-imidazolidinedicarboxylic acid anhydride, starting from meso-2,3-bis(benzylamino)succinic acid dialkali metal salt. The process involves reacting meso-2,3-bis(benzylamino)succinic acid dialkali metal salt with phenyl chloroformate in a monophasic solvent system consisting of an about 2:1 to 1:1 mixture of a water-miscible ether and an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, at a temperature not exceeding about 40° C.

Abstract: A process for separating L-ascorbyl 2-monophosphate from a mixture of the products of the desalting of the product mixture obtained from the phosphorylation under basic conditions of an L-ascorbic acid salt is described. This process is characterized by passing an aqueous solution of the desalted mixture containing among other components the desired L-ascorbyl 2-monophosphate through a column of a basic anion exchange resin, with resulting adsorption of the components onto the resin, desorbing among other adsorbed components the L-ascorbyl 2-monophosphate from the resin using as the eluent an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution, and collecting from the eluate the fraction which contains as its principal dissolved component the desired L-ascorbyl 2-monophosphate in the form of the appropriate mono-alkali metal salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula in which R1 to R7 are, independently, H, methyl or ethyl, R8+R9 together form methylene (—CH2—) or a single bond, or R1+R2 together form —(CH2)n—, with n being 3 or 4, or R3+R5 or R5+R7 represent methylene or a single bond; and the presence of at least one cyclopropane ring in the molecule is compulsory and the side chain can be saturated or contains one double bond in position &agr;,&bgr; or &bgr;,&ggr;, a process for the manufacture of these compounds, compounds used to perform the process and the use of these compounds as an odorant or as an ingredient of an odorant composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated DNA sequence encoding an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway or the pathway from isopentenyl pyrophosphate to farnesyl pyrophosphate (i.e., HMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, and FPP synthase). Vectors and plasmids including such DNA, are also set forth. The invention also includes host cells transformed by such DNAs, or vectors or plasmids containing such DNAs. A process for the production of isoprenoids and carotenoids using such transformed host cells is also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentane derivatives: 3-(1-Acetoxy-1-methylethyl)- 2-formyl-1-methyl-1-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentane; 4-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-buten-2-one; 5-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-methyl-penta-1,4-dien-3-ol and alkyl 5-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-methyl-penta-2,4-dienoates.

Abstract: Organosiloxane fragrance precursor compounds having at least one organosiloxane unit of the formula or a mixture thereof and if any other siloxane unit(s) in the said organosiloxanes being present this/these is/are of formula wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R″ represents a hydrogen atom, a monovalent C1-8 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent C1-8 halogenated hydrocarbon group; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a bond connecting CR1 and CR3; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; represents (CR42)n whereby R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a hydrogen atom and whereby n is from 0-20 and each R4 is the same or different; OR2 repres

Abstract: The invention discloses ketones of formula I: wherein, Y is an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, wherein each alkyl group is straight or branched and each alkyl and cycloalkyl group is saturated or unsaturated; R1 is hydrogen or a C1-6 alkyl group that is substituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched; A is a chromophoric substituted aromatic ring or ring system; n is an integer; and with the proviso that formula I is not 2-ethoxy-1-phenyl-ethanone. These compositions are useful for the delivery of organoleptic compounds, especially of flavors, fragrances, masking agents and antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with odorant compositions which contain macrocycles, namely 15- to 17-membered compounds of the formula: wherein the dotted line signifies an optional additional bond, X and Y stand for methylene or C2-12-polymethylene, optionally substituted with an additional methyl group, and A signifies hydrogen or methyl in the case of the unsaturated compounds and methyl in the case of the saturated compounds, with the proviso that the unsaturated compounds are present to more than 80% in the cis form when A signifies hydrogen and are present to more than 50% in the cis form when A signifies methyl, with the exception of Z-oxacyclopentadec-6-en-2-one (15-membered ring), Z-oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one (17-membered ring), and Z-oxacycloheptadec-11-en-2-one (17-membered ring), a process for the manufacture of the compounds of formula I and the use of the compounds of formula I as odorants.

Abstract: A process for the production of a Mannich reagent comprises reacting formaldehyde, especially paraformaldehyde, with a secondary amine in the complete or almost complete absence of a solvent. An alternative comprises reacting a diaminomethane produced from a secondary amine, formaldehyde, especially paraformaldehyde, as well as water with one another in about equimolar amounts. The invention is also concerned with a process for the aminomethylation of &dgr;-tocopherol or of tocopherol mixtures containing this and comprises using a Mannich reagent which has been produced in the above manner. After completion of this aminomethylation process excess Mannich reagent can be separated by distillation and can be reacted with water and formaldehyde, especially paraformaldehyde, in order to regenerate further Mannich reagent suitable for use in the aminomethylation, this regeneration representing a further aspect of the invention. Finally, the invention includes certain novel bis(aminomethyl)-&ggr;-tocopherols.

Abstract: A new aldehyde dehydrogenase having the physico-chemical properties: molecular weight: 150,000±6,000 or 230,000±9,000; substrate specificity:active on aldehyde compounds; cofactors:pyrroloquinoline quinone and heme c; optimum pH: 7.0-8.5; and inhibitors: Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, monoiodoacetate and EDTA, is derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Gluconobacter. Said aldehyde dehydrogenase can be produced by cultivating a microorganism of the genus Gluconobacter which is capable of producing an aldehyde dehydrogenase having the above properties, in an aqueous nutrient medium under aerobic conditions, disrupting the cells of the microorganism and isolating and purifying the aldehyde dehydrogenase from the cell-free extract of the disrupted cells of the microorganism.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula in which R1 to R7 are, independently, H, methyl or ethyl, R8+R9 together form methylene (—CH2—) or a single bond, or R1+R2 together form —(CH2)n—, with n being 3 or 4, or R3+R5 or R5+R7 represent methylene or a single bond; and the presence of at least one cyclopropane ring in the molecule is compulsory and the side chain can be saturated or contains one double bond in position &agr;,&bgr; or &bgr;,&ggr;, a process for the manufacture of these compounds, compounds used to perform the process and the use of these compounds as an odorant or as an ingredient of an odorant composition.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid or a salt thereof from D-sorbitol by fermentation with microorganisms in a nutrient medium containing D-sorbitol that is incubated in a first fermentation vessel with a microorganism capable of converting D-sorbitol to L-sorbose, whereafter the resulting fermentation broth containing L-sorbose is transferred to a second fermentation vessel where it is incubated with a microorganism capable of converting L-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. In a particularly preferred embodiment of this process, the fermentation broth from the first fermentation vessel is sterilized before being transferred to the second fermentation vessel. 2-keto-L-gulonic acid is a valuable intermediate for the production of vitamin C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of HPO lyase proteins in hosts via recombinant expression of said proteins. Recombinant HPO lyase proteins, DNA sequences encoding these proteins, vectors containing these DNA sequences and hosts containing these vectors are provided, along with methods for recombinantly producing such proteins, DNA sequences, vectors and hosts. Also provided are processes for producing green note compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula in which R1 to R7 are, independently, H, methyl or ethyl, R8+R9 together form methylene (—CH2—) or a single bond, or R1+R2 together form —(CH2)n—, with n being 3 or 4, or R3+R5 or R5+R7 represent methylene or a single bond; and the presence of at least one cyclopropane ring in the molecule is compulsory and the side chain can be saturated or contains one double bond in position &agr;,&bgr; or &bgr;,&ggr;, a process for the manufacture of these compounds, compounds used to perform the process and the use of these compounds as an odorant or as an ingredient of an odorant composition.

Abstract: A microbiological process for producing vanillin and other useful products from ferulic acid is disclosed. Vanillin and guaiacol are recovered from the process using a differential pH extraction where the guaiacol is recovered at a pH of greater than 9 and the vanillin is recovered at a pH of from about 5 to about 8.