Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutically active azacyclic or azabicyclic compounds, a method of preparing the same and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds. The novel compounds are useful in treating diseases in the central nervous system caused by malfunctioning of the muscarinic cholinergic system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutations of the subtilisin gene, some of which result in changes in the chemical characteristics of subtilisin enzyme. Mutations are created at specific nucleic acids of the subtilisin gene and, in various specific embodiments, the mutant enzymes possess altered chemical properties including, but not limited to, increased stability to oxidation, augmented proteolytic activity, and improved washability. The present invention also relates, but is not limited to, the amino acid and DNA sequences for two proteases derived from Bacillus lentus variants, subtilisin 147 and subtilisin 309, as well as mutations of these genes and the corresponding mutant enzymes.

Abstract: A method of amplifying in vivo a DNA sequence B present in a genome of a parent cell, comprising (a) integrating in a genome of said cell a DNA construct comprising the structure C-M-A-D, in which both A and C denote a DNA sequence which is homologous with a genomic DNA fragment either flanking or overlapping the DNA sequence B, the sequence C being located in the opposite end the sequence B as compared to A, D denotes a DNA sequence which is homologous with a genomic DNA fragment located distal for C as compared to B, and M denotes a DNA sequence encoding a selection marker, (b) selecting for cells in which the DNA sequence M has been integrated in the genome, which cells comprise, in any orientation, the structure A-B-C-M-A-D and (c) propagating the cells selected in step (b) under increasing selection pressure to obtain a cell which has obtained an increased number of genomically integrated copies of the DNA sequences B and M.

Abstract: An enzyme-containing granulate is prepared containing a core and a shell wherein the core and/or shell contain an enzyme and the shell contains artificial or cellulose fibers in an amount of 1.5-40%. The core may also contain the fibers in an amount of 1.5-40%. In a preferred embodiment, the core contains a primary enzyme, the fibers, a coating of a sustained release agent, and the shell contains a secondary enzyme and the fibers. The sustained release coating causes the primary enzyme to be released more slowly than the secondary enzyme in a washing solution. In another embodiment, the core contains a primary detergent additive, a coating of a protective agent, and the shell contains a secondary detergent additive and the fibers. The protective coating separates the primary and secondary detergent additives so they do not harm each other during storage. Preferably, the core and shell also contain a binder, a filler and a granulating agent.

Abstract: Particular enzymes are precipitated from a mixture of proteins by the simultaneous addition of a soluble aluminate and acid. The pH of the mixture is at least one pH unit from the isoelectric point of the particular enzyme.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for chemical finishing of fabrics, fibers or yarns wherein insoluble cellulosic polymers are reacted with carboxylic acids or esters thereof in the presence of a lipase. The cellulosic polymer may be cotton, viscose, rayon, lyocell, flax, linen, ramie, and all blends thereof; and blends thereof with polyesters, wool, polyamides, acrylics and polyacrylics. The lipase may be a microbial lipase, including a lipase obtained from yeast, e.g. Candida lipase, a bacterial lipase, e.g. Pseudomonas lipase, or a fungal lipase, e.g. Humicola or Rhizomucor lipases. Chemically modified lipases obtained by coupling polyethylene glycol to amino acid residues of the lipase may also be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lipase and .alpha.-amylase variants, stabilized towards the inactiviation caused by peroxidase systems, in which variants a naturally occurring tryosine residue has been deleted, substituted with a different amino acid residue at one or more positions. The invention also relates to a method of stabilizing a lipase or an .alpha.-amylase towards the inactivation caused by the preoxidase systems, and detergent compositions comprising a lipase and/or .alpha.-amylase variant of the invention.

Abstract: Method for production of a fruit or vegetable juice concentrate, the steps including milling of the fruit or vegetables in a fruit or vegetable mill with addition of enzymes, heating of the formed mash, stirring of the heated mash with aeration, pressing of the heated aerated mash, centrifugation of the liquid phase from the press, recovery of aroma components by distillation of the supernatant from the centrifugation, and treatment of the dearomatized supernatant from the centrifugation for final degradation of starch and pectin in a holding tank, the treated dearomatized supernatant from the centrifugation is filtered on an ordinary filter, whereafter the filtrate is concentrated. In relation to this method an ordinary filter is used, which is much cheaper than the hitherto used ultrafiltration equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of separating a protein, in particular an enzyme, from an aqueous solution of proteins, comprising (a) providing an aqueous mixture of proteins with a salt concentration at or below 1.5 Molar, to which a water soluble polymer has been added, and (b) recovery of the protein on crystalline form.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel uses of compounds of general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are individually hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or (tertiary amino) (lower alkoxy); and R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A DNA construct comprising the following sequence: 5'-P-SP-(LP).sub.n -PS-HP-3' wherein P is a promoter sequence, SP is a DNA sequence encoding the yeast aspartic protease 3 (YAP3) signal peptide, LP is a DNA sequence encoding a leader peptide, n is 0 or 1, PS is a DNA sequence encoding a peptide defining a yeast processing site, and HP is a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide which is heterologous to a selected host organism. The YAP3 signal peptide provides efficient secretion of heterologous proteins in yeast.

Abstract: An enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus exhibiting endoglucanase activity, which enzyme is designated EG II or EG IV and is encoded by a DNA sequence comprising at least one of the partial sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, 18, or 19. The enzyme may be produced by recombinant DNA techniques and may be used for degradation of plant cell wall material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid automated device for identifying biologically active substances by their effect on living cells which includes a flow chamber defined by a bottom wall with a plane optical surface through which the content of the chamber can be monitored and a ring shaped wall having an edge adjacent the plane optical surface leaving a gap between the edge and optical surface wherein the width of the gap allows liquid but not matrix to pass. The flow chamber also including an inlet through which fluids can be transported into the chamber and a device to control the distance between the edge and the optical surface wherein the matrix is momentarily allowed to pass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel N-substituted azaheterocyclic carboxylic acids and esters thereof in which a substituted alkyl chain forms part of the N-substituent or salts therefor, to methods for their preparation, to compositions containing them, and to their use for the clinical treatment of painful, hyperalgesic and/or inflammatory conditions in which C-fibers play a pathophysiological role by eliciting neurogenic pain or inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel N-substituted azaheterocyclic carboxylic acids and esters thereof in which a substituted alkyl chain forms part of the N-substituent or salts thereof, to methods for their preparation, to compositions containing them, and to their use for the clinical treatment of painful, hyperalgesic and/or inflammatory conditions in which C-fibers play a pathophysiological role by eliciting neurogenic pain or inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of separating an enzyme from an aqueous solution comprising this enzyme in mixture with other proteins, and recovery of the desired enzyme on crystalline form.

Abstract: A well tasting and organoleptically acceptable vegetable protein hydrolyzate such as soy, pea or rice protein hydrolyzate is produced in high yield by a method using a combination of non-pH-stat hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. Preferably, the method is carried out by mixing a material containing at least 65% vegetable protein as dry matter and water to form a slurry containing a vegetable protein content of about 7-20%, heating the slurry to above 60.degree. C., adjusting the pH of the slurry to about 8.5, hydrolyzing the slurry with at least two different proteases to a degree of hydrolysis of between 15 and 35% without adjusting the pH during hydrolysis to produce a hydrolyzed slurry, inactivating the proteases and separating the hydrolyzed slurry with an ultrafiltration unit having a cut-off value above 5,000 to form a permeate containing the vegetable protein hydrolyzate. One protease may be obtained from B. Licheniformis and the other from B. Subtilis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel N-substituted azaheterocyclic carboxylic acids and esters thereof in which a substituted alkyl chain forms part of the N-substituent or salts thereof, to methods for their preparation, to compositions containing them, and to their use for the clinical treatment of painful, hyperalgesic and/or inflammatory conditions in which C-fibers play a pathophysiological role by eliciting neurogenic pain or inflammation.

Abstract: Human insulin analogues having a positively charged amino acid residue, i.e. Lys or Arg, in position B28, further being modified in the C-terminal end of the B-chain from Phe.sup.B24 to the C-terminal amino acid residue and wherein A18, A21 and/or B3 is different from Asn as well as insulin preparations containing the human insulin analogues are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain sterol derivatives for use as medicaments.