Abstract: The amount of water required to effect efficient separation of a mixture of sulfuric acid and carboxylic acids by distillation, is reduced, by diluting the mixture while in the distillation column in a prescribed manner with sufficient water to provide a water:sulfuric acid mole ratio of about 1:1. The heat generated by the internal dilution reduces the energy requirement of the column. Feeding the dilution water to the column below the feed mixture is a key element of the process.

Abstract: Non-aqueous solutions of 3-isothiazolones are stabilized against chemical decomposition by using organic hydroxylic solvents. These compositions exhibit bactericidal, fungicidal and algaecidal properties.

Abstract: A composition comprising 2-n-octyl isothiazolone 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one has been found to provide superior preservative performance as compared to the individual components.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group, andZ is a substituted alkoxy group,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group, andZ is a substituted alkoxy group,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Alpha-halopyruvate oximes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, and X are as defined herein having bactericidal and, fungicidal activity are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a acyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, ar(lower)alkyl or acyl, andA is lower alkylene, lower alkenylene or hydroxy(lower)alkylene, or an agronomically-acceptable salt or ester thereof, are herbicidally active.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group, andZ is a substituted alkoxy group,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: An improved article of a membrane permeable to water and impermeable to microbiocidal compounds containing therein a solid particulate microbiocidal composition which is useful in aqueous systems, wherein the composition is produced from aqueous solutions of a water-soluble microbiocidal compound absorbed in an inert, finely-divided water-insoluble solid carrier. Especially useful are microbiocidal 3-isothiazolones and 2-substituted-1,2-benzisothiazolones, and metal salt stabilized derivatives thereof, absorbed into a silicaceous diatomaceous earth in a sealed, perforated membrane, for example, a perforated bag, produced from polyethylene. These articles afford a form, which is safer for handling.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group, andZ is a substituted alkoxy group,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes. A novel process for the preparation of these catalysts is disclosed. The catalyst has the following formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.a X.sup.1.sub.b V.sub.c As.sub.d Cu.sub.e Sb.sub.f X.sup.2.sub.g O.sub.xwhereina-g represent the number of atoms of the particular element depicted;X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are other elements; andx is the number of oxygens required to satisfy the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group,Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group, andZ is a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an amino group, an alkylthio group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, a carbalkoxy group, a carboxyalkyl group, a carbalkoxyalkyl group, an alkanoyloxy group, or a carbamoyloxy group,and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone which comprises reacting 3-acetyl-6-methyl-2(H)-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (dehydroacetic acid, "DHAA") with from 93% to about 99% sulfuric acid (1-7% water content) at temperatures from about 60.degree. to about 140.degree. C. under pressures from about 10 millimeters of mercury to about 75 pounds per square inch wherein the sulfuric acid to pyran weight ratio (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 :DHAA) is from about 0.8:1 to about 3:1 and isolating the 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone.

Abstract: A process to recover acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by using a split quench process which allows acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to be recovered from the resulting aqueous solutions by a combination of solvent extraction and azeotropic dehydration that minimizes the amount of solvent required.

Abstract: An improved article of a membrane permeable to water and impermeable to microbiocidal compounds containing therein a solid particulate microbiocidal composition which is useful in aqueous systems, wherein the composition is produced from aqueous solutions of a water-soluble microbiocidal compound absorbed in an inert, finely-divided water-insoluble solid carrier. Especially useful are microbiocidal 3-isothiazolones and 2-substituted-1,2-benzisothiazolones, and metal salt stabilized derivatives thereof, absorbed into a silicaceous diatomaceous earth in a sealed, perforated membrane, for example, a perforated bag, produced from polyethylene. These articles afford a form, which is safer for handling.

Abstract: The control of bacterial growth in biomedical devices using isothiazolones.

Abstract: A new catalyst for preparing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compounds through vapor phase aldol condensation wherein the catalyst is a supported boron and/or phosphorous catalyst.

Abstract: This process relates to the oxidation of phenoxytoluenes to phenoxybenzoic acids utilizing a hydrogen peroxide activated, bromide promoted cobalt catalyst which can be performed at atmospheric pressure and at moderate temperatures. These phenoxybenzoic acids can then be esterified and selectively nitrated to give the corresponding 2-nitro-5-(substituted)phenoxybenzoic acid esters. Alternatively the acids can be nitrated and then esterified.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds and methods of using said compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl; Y is O or S; m is an integer of 1 to 3 and n is an integer of 0 to 1 which compounds are insect repellents.

Abstract: A carrier for suspending an infant from a person's shoulders has a seat and a partial back support, a separate back which is removably attached to said partial back support so it can be adjusted and shoulder bands attached to the front and rear of the seat; the front attachment being separable from the seat. A rain-sun hood is removably attached to the back as an option. The back is stiffened with plastic so that its curvature around the back makes it stiffer.