Abstract: An improved method for preparing 4,4' difluorobiphenyl by reacting a parafluorinated Grignard reagent and a parafluorinated halophenyl in solution and in the presence of free palladium producing catalysts is disclosed.

Abstract: Polyol carboxyalkylthioalkanoesterphenol compounds useful in the stabilization of organic materials normally susceptible to oxidative degradation are prepared by reaction of an appropriate polythio, which is a selected tetra-(mercapto alkanoic acid) ester of pentaerythritol or a selected tri-(mercapto alkanoic acid) ester of a selected 1, 1, 1-trimethylolalkane, with an appropriate alkenyl compound, which is a selected 4-hydroxy-(mono- or di-alkyl)phenylalkylalkenoate. In a preferred embodiment, the compound is pentaerythritol tetrakis [3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-(3-propyl)oxycarbonylethylthiopropionat e].

Abstract: Pentaerythritol co-esters derived from pentaerythritol, (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-alkanoic acids and alkylthioalkanoic acids or lower alkyl esters of such acids are useful as stabilizers of organic material normally susceptible to oxidative and/or thermal deterioration. The co-esters are advantageously prepared by transesterification of such esters with pentaerythritol. Preferred co-esters are (I) pentaerythritol tris[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]-mono[3-n-dodecylthio propionate]and (II) pentaerythritol bis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]-bis[3-n-dodecylthiopropi onate]. The co-esters are especially useful in stabilizing applications for which physical mixtures of (i) (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)alkanoic acid esters of polyols with (ii) polyalkanol esters of alkylthioalkanoic acids have heretofore been proposed.

Abstract: The ethanolamine salt of N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine ("NPHA") is effective as a polymerization inhibitor for ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The ethanolamine salt can be prepared by reacting ethanolamine with the ammonium salt of NPHA. Advantageously, the ethanolamine salt is soluble in high concentrations in water and a variety of polar organic solvents.

Abstract: Rectifying the compressive strength and toxic waste levels of ground water passages is achieved through the formation of a type C fly ash screen reinforcement of the passage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a coated-particle salt substitute composition wherein a flow of a gaseous medium is passed upwardly through a bed including potassium chloride particles at a velocity more than sufficient to form and maintain a fluidized bed of the particles. A spray of an aqueous solution including maltodextrin is introduced into the fluidized bed below its upper surface to form a coating of the solution on the fluidized particles. The velocity is sufficient to also establish a particle-flow zone above and adjoining the upper surface of the fluidized bed wherein a substantial portion of the coated particles are propelled out of the fluidized bed on a flow path extending thereabove and returning thereto.

Abstract: Alpha-arylalkanoic esters are prepared by reacting a trivalent iodine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon and X and Y each represents a group which can be removed as an anion, with a carbonyl compound of the formula ##STR2## where Ar.sup.1 is an aromatic hydrocarbon, R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, in the presence of an orthocarboxylic ester having the general formula ZC(OR.sup.2).sub.3, wherein R.sup.2 is an alkyl group and Z is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; the reaction being carried out in a substantially anhydrous reaction mixture.

Abstract: Bringing polymerizates, particularly those comprising styrene polymerized with an equal amount or more acrylonitrile and containing free styrene and acrylonitrile monomers, into contact with carefully selected gases in the near-critical to supercritical state substantially inhibits depolymerization and decomposition while substantially improving residue extraction.

Abstract: The residual monomers, solvents and other impurities particularly in coarse or oversized fat imbibing, fat retaining copolymer beads can be substantially reduced by bringing the copolymer beads into contact with a gas in the supercritical state.

Abstract: New and improved synthesis of .alpha.-d-propoxyphene hydrochloride by acid chloride reaction between propionyl chloride and .alpha.-d-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-dimethylamino-2-butanol (d-oxyphene) with small amounts of thionyl chloride improves yield and substantially simplifies purification.

Abstract: A new method for intensifying the inherent flavors of foods and for imparting other desirable organoleptic properties is disclosed. The method consists of adding to foodstuffs a flavor enhancing amount of a heat denatured concentrate of beer. There is also provided a process for producing the above described concentrate.

Abstract: The addition of organic compounds containing 1,8 epoxy groups such as 1,8-cineole will prevent or significantly reduce light struck flavor in malt beverages.

Abstract: A uniquely palatable horse feed is prepared by employing certain prescribed amounts of citric acid in the feed.

Abstract: Lemon oil at extremely low levels is found to greatly enhance the palatability of even an extruded horse ration.

Abstract: A protein-based snack food product and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The process negates the need for carbohydrate, starch or farinaceous ingredients in the product formulation. Yet the product will expand or puff and will maintain its structural integrity during deep fat frying.

Abstract: A system for treating dry protein material in brine solutions comprises a tank for receiving the protein material and brine solution a container having a screened bottom end an agitator inserted through its open upper end for creating a vortex mixing action in the brine solution in which the container is immersed in the brine holding tank.