Abstract: The pneumatic vehicle tire comprises a radial ply carcass, two side walls, a tread member and a belt or breaker comprising at least one cord layer. The tread member is composed of a base layer positioned closer to the tire axis and a cap layer arranged on top thereof. For particularly favorably affecting the rolling behavior of the tire the base layer forms a trough in which the cap layer is accommodated.

Abstract: The tubing system comprises a number of measuring stops or surfaces arranged in a predetermined mutual spaced relationship. The spacing is utilized for determining the displacements in the material enclosing the tubing. This displacement is ascertained by a measuring probe introduced into the tubing from the outside. The measuring stops are provided on measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves in order to ensure that displacements in the material can also be transmitted to the measuring stops even in relatively soft material without a stiffening effect of the tubing. The connection between the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves takes place exclusively through a telescope-type protecting tube insert. A rigid anchoring of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves to the inner wall of an accommodating hole or bore hole provided in the material to be investigated takes place through filling collars fastened to the outside of the measuring tube unions or coupling sleeves.

Abstract: A transmission is provided for a machine that manufactures a workpiece, later to serve as an electrode, by means of a form grinding tool. The tool has a similar spatial shape to that of the workpiece. The drive generates between the tool and the workpiece an orbital motion with changeable eccentricity and which orbital motion is necessary for a grinding or abrading process. A device, which can be structured as a transmission, an electrical control circuit, or as displaceable idling rollers, alters the eccentricity and is in constant operative connection with the driving side and power take-off side of the transmission. In this way there is obtained a constant setting or a cyclical adjustment of the eccentricity throughout the orbital movement. Furthermore, the orbital movement can describe non-circular patterns so that Lissajou patterns can be generated.

Abstract: The method of forming an overwound thread transfer tail entails moving a thread guide carrier which supports a thread guide in a first direction against an abutment and permitting the thread guide carrier to recoil and thereby cause a return movement of the thread guide after striking said abutment. The apparatus for performing the method comprises a thread guide and a movable member movable in a predetermined direction and connected to the thread guide. An abutment serves for limiting movement of said movable member in such predetermined direction, and structure is provided for moving the movable member against the abutment in a manner such as to cause recoil of the movable member.

Abstract: The thread winding machine includes a piston and cylinder unit, comprising a cylinder housing with first and second chambers and a dividing structure between said first and second chambers. A piston is movable longitudinally in the first chamber and a piston extension projects from said piston towards the second chamber. A port in the dividing structure receives the piston extension when the piston is near the dividing structure, thereby separating said first and second chambers. A thread guide is connected to the piston of the piston and cylinder unit for movement in combination therewith.

Abstract: An intrusion detector evaluates the infrared radiation emitted by an intruder within a closely defined zone or area by means of a virtual protective curtain. Uniform sensitivity independent of incident angle of the radiation is provided by a cylindrical Fresnel lens of small thickness, which divides the field of reception into sharply defined strips or elongate zones of substantially uniform sensitivity. The longitudinal axis of this Fresnel lens defines an arcuate sector of a circle whose radius is determined by the focal length in perpendicular direction, and an infrared sensor is arranged at the circular center point, i.e., the focal point of the curved Fresnel lens. One particularly advantageous embodiment of the intrusion detector includes a double sensor configuration, equipped with several sensor elements cooperating with one or more cylindrical Fresnel lenses, thus covering a number of separate zones for simultaneous radiation detection.

Abstract: An endless chain is guided in each one of two adjacently extending guide channels, for entraining articles or objects to be conveyed, such as newspapers delivered in an imbricated formation. A guide channel section is displaceably arranged transversely to a receiving station in order that the articles or objects can be conducted to the receiving station not only from one supply station but also from a further supply station as well. The displacement of the guide channel section is executed in a region between two transition sections which extend in the same direction relative to each other. In such arrangement, displacement of the guide channel section can be effected without altering the length of the guide channel.

Abstract: There is disclosed an objective or compound lens with high speed and large field angle for applications using infrared radiation. Preferred embodiments of the lens system have a useful spectral bandpass in the 2-2.5 .mu.m and 1.5-2.5 .mu.m region. These embodiments are constructed to have low resolution, a speed up to F/0.7 and a total field angle up to 60 degrees. Two embodiments comprise only 4 spherical lenses. By simple calculations the disclosed objectives or compound lenses may be matched to lens materials for use within other ranges of the infrared spectrum as well.

Abstract: The package to be wrapped is moved during a first step towards a foil section which is extended under tension transversely relative to the direction of movement of the package. During a further course of movement of the package the aforementioned foil section is applied to three sides around the package in a substantially U-shape. Subsequently, a loop is formed from the web-like foil by entraining means which act on the web-like foil. The two runs of the loop are releasably held at their ends by related holding means. These two loop runs of the foil are separated from each other using a cutting knife. The foil section thus produced, which runs along the rear side of the package, has a length which is greater than the height of the package. An end section of this foil section of greater length and which protrudes past the package is now displaced towards and against the underside of the package.

Abstract: A hydraulic adjustment motor containing a piston-and-cylinder unit is provided at the roll surface of a roll to be moved to position the roll surface relative to another roll surface of a further roll. Each adjustment motor is arranged between the related roll surface to be moved and its related roll stand. A regulation device is arranged between a pressure source, the pressure chamber of the adjustment motor and a hydraulic medium vessel. This regulation device regulates impingement of the pressure chamber with different pressures up to the maximum pressure of the pressure source and regulates the outflow of a selected volume of the hydraulic medium out of the pressure chamber, correlated to the desired lowering of each roll surface, during lowering of the roll surface and for maintaining a residual volume of the hydraulic medium. Consequently, there is provided a defined relative position between the roll surfaces.

Abstract: The controlled switching array comprises four commutator components and four associated signal distributors. Each signal distributor has an input side to which an input signal is applied which, in turn, is fed to a respective input on the input sides of the commutator components. The commutator components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of a printed circuit board. There thus results a favorable decoupling of signal lines from each other as well as from the output side.

Abstract: The holding or clamp apparatus for the barrel cluster of a multi-barrel firing weapon, in particular, a Gatling type gun, is constructed such that a quick and easy replacement of the weapon barrels without the use of tools is possible. Up to now, each weapon barrel was secured by threaded connections. According to the invention, a locking ring is rotatably mounted at a substantially ring-shaped barrel support. This locking ring can be selectively locked in two positions on the substantially ring-shaped barrel support. In its first position, each one of its cams project into a recess of the associated weapon barrel and thereby secure the substantially ring-shaped barrel support against axial displacement with respect to the weapon barrels. Each weapon barrel contains a polygonal, such as a square section, which is embraced by holding claws or clamps of the barrel support, thereby securing such weapon barrel against unintended rotation about its own lengthwise axis.

Abstract: Hoistway data which are indicative of predetermined elevator car positions at respective predeterminate hoistway locations, are generated without installations of actuating members in the elevator hoistway and transmitters at the elevator car. For this purpose, a memory is provided and has stored predeterminate positional numbers representative of the predeterminate hoistway locations. The predeterminated positional numbers are transmitted to a register in a travel direction dependent sequence during travel of the associated elevator car. A pulse transmitter is driven by the elevator car and the thus generated pulses are summed-up in a counter to positional numbers which correspond to respective car positions. The positional numbers of the counter and the predeterminate positional numbers transmitted to the register are compared with one another during travel in a comparator during elevator car travel.

Abstract: Sabot projectiles, especially arrow or fin-stabilized projectiles, should possess as small as possible spin so that they do not begin to oscillate or wobble (nutation) in the air. On the other hand, for the detachment of the sabot from the projectile body at the muzzle of the weapon barrel, it is advantageous if the sabot possesses a spin. According to the invention this objective is attained in that the projectile body or projectile is threaded into the sabot and can rotate relative to such sabot. The threads for threadably connecting the projectile body or projectile with the sabot have a thread course or direction which corresponds to the rifling twist of the weapon barrel. Furthermore, the magnitude of the thread pitch angle .alpha. essentially corresponds to the sliding friction angle .mu. between the projectile body or projectile and the sabot.

Abstract: The collating apparatus comprises a plurality of collating or collecting conveyors or product advancing means revolvingly driven about the axis of revolution of the collating apparatus. These collating conveyors are pivotably mounted at each end face of the collating apparatus in control levers or rocker arms. These rocker arms are pivotably mounted on two disc-shaped supporting or support elements. These support elements are mounted in mutual axial separation on a shaft of the collating apparatus rotatably driven about the axis of revolution. The control levers or rocker arms support control rollers or followers which travel in guide grooves of guide or control curves or cams. The control curves or cams are constructed such that the rocker arms together with the collating conveyors are pivoted inwardly and subsequently are again pivoted outwardly relative to the axis of revolution of the collating apparatus during its revolution.

Abstract: The printed products to be provided with inserts or supplements are infed in respective pairs by an infeed conveyor to a processing drum or cell wheel. The cell wheel comprises substantially radially extending compartments which are open at the periphery of the cell wheel. Product feed devices, for example, clamps or grippers are arranged in the compartments for forwardly advancing the printed products located in the compartments. Each compartment is divided into two feed channels by a removable divider or partition wall. These divider or partition walls terminate at a predeterminate spacing from the product feed devices. Each of the two printed products which are conjointly conveyed as a pair are infed into a respective feed channel. The printed products in the feed channels of each compartment are then conjointly advanced and approximately simultaneously opened and are furnished with an insert or supplement.

Abstract: The washing machine functions according to a new principle and contains the washable items, particularly washable textiles, in stacked layers in a mesh cage which is fixed in position at a drum rotatably mounted in a casing. Wash water as well as drying air flows through the preferably stationary or slowly rotating drum containing the washable items, is pumped off at an outlet of the casing, and returns again by way of a recirculation pipe to an inlet of the casing. Intermittent rotation of the drum, for example, by 180.degree., is also possible. In this manner, the wash water or drying air passes through the washable items first from one side and then from the opposite side. All switching procedures are electronically controlled according to a preselected program schedule. The washable items no longer can be damaged by catching on the drum, the wash cycle is more effective and thus shorter than before, and electric energy and chemicals are saved.

Abstract: A lock possesses a lock housing which is connected with a cover plate protruding above the lock housing at all sides. Fastening clips which abut at the corresponding side walls of the lock housing and protrude beyond the rear or rear side thereof are arranged at at least two oppositely positioned sides of the lock housing. The lock is fastened to a flat object by inserting it into an opening through the flat object and bending over the fastening clips on the rear side of this flat object. A substantial simplification of the manufacture of the lock and its fastening in an opening of the flat object is possible due to this form of construction.