Abstract: Process for the concurrent synthesis of benzophenone, anthraquinone, and o-dibenzoylbenzene by pyrolysis of benzoic acid salts of yttrium, erbium, and dysprosium and mixtures thereof at temperatures of from about 200.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. and a pressure of about 0.1 to about 100 atmospheres. In an alternative method, a benzoic acid compound is passed through an oxide of yttrium, erbium, dysprosium and mixtures thereof in the presence of steam.

Abstract: Terephthalic acid is electrochemically reduced to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde content is decreased by a process in a two-compartment electrolysis cell in which (a) the cathode is solid and metal with a mercury amalgam surface and with a hydrogen overvoltage which is greater than the potential for the reduction of terephthalic acid to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid, (b) the separating diaphragm is a cation exchange membrane, (c) the catholyte comprises a solution of terephthalic acid, ammonia, an ammonium salt and a soluble salt of mercury, (d) the temperature of the catholyte is between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., (e) the current density is within the range of 1 to 200 A/dm.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,4-phenylenediamine from 1,4-dihydroxybenzene at a temperature within the range of from about 300.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure of from atmospheric to 3000 psig in the presence of an aminating agent, an inert hydrocarbon and an acidic alumina catalyst. p-Aminophenol can be aminated to 1,4-phenylenediamine with the same process.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified terephthalic acid which comprises reacting in a liquid phase a mixture of hydrogen and crude terephthalic acid, a palladium/rhodium catalyst on a porous carbonaceous support wherein the catalyst compound is prepared by adsorbing palladium on the support from a complex salt formed in the presence of an amine and acetic acid, followed by deposition of rhodium from a solution of sodium hexanitritorhodate.

Abstract: Compositions of amorphous polyamides which are thermoplastic and characterized by an improved impact resistance which comprise terephthalamide and/or isophthalamide polymers, physically blended with polyolefin polymers.

Abstract: Terephthalic acid is electrochemically reduced to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid in a process in an electrolysis cell in which (a) the cathode is solid and metal with an amalgam of mercury surface and has a hydrogen overvoltage which is greater than the potential for the reduction of terephthalic acid to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid, and, (b) sufficient mercury is added of a mercury compound to maintain the process.

Abstract: Compositions of oxidizable organic materials having stabilizing amounts of polymeric monohydroxybenzenoid hydroquinoid antioxidants of from about 500 to about 10,000 molecular weight, and the said polymers which are the reaction products of an alpha, alpha' alkyl aromatic compound containing a benzenoid ring, a hydroquinone compound and a monohydroxy benzenoid compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are adducts of 1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with olefins and preparation thereof by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound and 1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride using actinic radiation as an energy source at a temperature of from -30.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., preferably at from about 25.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. Derivatives of these compounds are useful as rust inhibitors in gasoline.

Abstract: A self-standing bottle structure particularly suited for pressurized beverage bottles. The bottom end comprises a modified hemispherical portion, a convex central base portion, and an intermediate portion interconnecting the modified hemispherical portion and the convex central base portion. A plurality of convex elongated ribs in the intermediate portion which project inwardly to the base center portion and outwardly to the hemispherical portion form a plurality of legs in the intermediate portion, the legs being of smoothly arcuate concave shape and terminating in rounded portions of the hemispherical portion to form feet which lie in a plane normal to the central axis of the bottle structure and adapted to arrest tensile and bending stresses when subjected to internal fluid pressure and heat to provide a novel creep resistant structure.

Abstract: Process for production and recovery of fuel gases and organic liquids from biomass by use of an upflow furnace, wherein said biomass is preheated at a temperature of from 100.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. and thermally converted at a temperature of from 200.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A thiocarbamate compound selected from the group of thiocarbamate compounds consisting of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol-5- monothiocarbamate; 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiocarbamate; 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol-5-mono(dithiocarbamate) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-di(dithiocarbamate). These thiocarbamate compounds can be represented by the general formula ##STR1## where R' is a monovalent radical individually selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen radical and the radical ##STR2## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.

Abstract: Hexa(meta-,para-carboxyphenyl)benzene compounds. The esters are useful as plasticizers for polyvinylchloride, heat transfer agents, hydraulic fluids, and insulating oils. The acid is suitable as a cross-linking agent for polymers containing hydroxyl or amine groups.

Abstract: A process for enzymatically converting whole plant biomass containing hydrocarbon-containing laticifers to soluble sugars and recovering hydrocarbons in increased yields which comprises hydrolyzing whole plant cellulosic material in the presence of enzymes, particularly cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase, to produce a hydrocarbon product and recovering from the hydrolysis products a major proportion of the cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase enzymes for reuse.

Abstract: Process for disproportionation of petroleum hydrocarbons which comprises contacting in a reaction zone said petroleum hydrocarbon under suitable disproportionation conditions with a catalytic composition comprising a tungsten/molybdenum component, said tungsten/molybdenum component deposited upon an acidic cracking component comprising a mordenite large pore crystalline aluminosilicate material and a refractory inorganic oxide.

Abstract: A process for production and recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing whole plants in a form suitable for use as chemical feedstocks or as hydrocarbon energy sources which process comprises: (a) pulverizing by grinding or chopping hydrocarbon-containing whole plants selected from the group consisting of Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Compositae, Cactaceae and Pinaceae families to a suitable particle size, (b) drying and preheating said particles in a reducing atmosphere under positive pressure (c) passing said particles through a thermal conversion zone containing a reducing atmosphere and with a residence time of 1 second to about 30 minutes at a temperature within the range of from about 200.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C., (d) separately recovering the condensable vapors as liquids and the noncondensable gases in a condition suitable for use as chemical feedstocks or as hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: Compositions of oxidizable organic materials having stabilizing amounts of polymeric monohydroxybenzenoid hydroquinoid antioxidants of from about 500 to about 10,000 molecular weight, and the said polymers which are the reaction products of an alpha, alpha' alkyl aromatic compound containing a benzenoid ring, a hydroquinone compound and a monohydroxy benzenoid compound.

Abstract: Compositions of oxidizable organic materials having stabilizing amounts of polymeric alkylbenzenoid hydroquinoid antioxidants of from about 500 to about 50,000 molecular weight, and polymers which are the reaction products of a hydroquinone compound and a polymeric monohydroxy alkylbenzenoid compound.

Abstract: A process for (i) fluid catalytic cracking in a cracking zone of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes, and shale oils with high metals content, (ii) wherein the coke deposits on the used cracking catalyst are reduced in amount by regeneration and wherein (iii) contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron deposited on the used cracking catalyst are deactivated in sufficient amount to reduce hydrogen and coke formation during the cracking process whereby the said catalyst is suitable for re-use wherein (A) the catalyst particles are contacted with fresh feed and associated recycle feed, and wherein (B) the feed is cracked in a cracking zone, wherein (C) the used catalyst particles are subjected to alternate exposures of up to 30 minutes in duration of conditions comprising (a) an oxidizing zone at a temperature of above 900.degree. F. wherein molecular oxygen in flue gas emitted from the oxidizing zone is over 0.

Abstract: Methyl-substituted polyphenylacyl compounds are prepared by selective oxidation of oligomers of mesitylene. These methyl-substituted polyphenylacyl compounds are useful as intermediates for polyamides and polyesters. The esters are useful as plasticizers for polyvinylchloride.

Abstract: Beta-alkyl (or aryl) beta-hydroxyethyl heterocyclic sulfoxides are prepared by reacting an olefin and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with oxygen in the presence of a dye sensitizer using visible light as an energy source at a temperature from -10.degree. to 70.degree. C.