Abstract: Some esters of alkanephosphonic acids are found to be highly lethal to nematodes and other helminths.

Abstract: Ketose sugars are prepared in high yield by reacting an aldose sugar and boric acid in aqueous medium in the presence of a tertiary or quaternary amine.

Abstract: Pesticides, insect growth regulators and other substances are encapsulated by dissolving the substance to be encapsulated and a biodegradable polymer in a suitable organic solvent, dispersing the solution in an aqueous medium and stirring until the solvent evaporates to form a matrix of the substance in the polymer.

Abstract: A number of novel carboxamides have been found to be useful insect repellents.

Abstract: Isopropenyl esters and half isopropenyl ester-half carboxylic acid products are prepared by reacting at a temperature of about 150.degree.-160.degree. C. at maximum pressures of from about 400 to 1000 psi for about 10 to 20 hours in the presence of a suitable catalyst and in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid with methylacetylene or with a gas containing a mixture of methylacetylene, allene and some inert short chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of biologically controlling plant diseases caused by sclerotia of sporidesmium susceptible plant pathogenic fungi.

Abstract: Certain secondary and tertiary straight and branched chain amines and amides are found to be highly effective for controlling scabies mites and other parasitic mites.

Abstract: A combination of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, tetradecanal, and hexadecanal is an effective attractant for adult male tobacco budworm moths.

Abstract: A combination of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-hexadecenal is an effective attractant for adult male corn earworm moth.

Abstract: Beef tallow is partitioned into five well defined fractions, each having its own distinctive fatty acid and glyceride composition and its own distinctive thermal characteristics, by a precise multi-step crystallization. Two of the five fractions are crystalline, one is a plastic solid and two are liquid. One of the liquid fractions accounts for 60% of the tallow and has a variety of uses in the formulation of salad oils, margarines and liquid and plastic shortenings. The composition and properties of the plastic solid fraction are very similar to those of cocoa butter and when it is mixed with cocoa butter it does not produce any significant change in thermal characteristics. In fact, an increment of one of the crystalline fractions or of one of the liquid fractions can be blended with an increment of the solid plastic fraction to make products that are compatible with cocoa butter and that have desirable thermal characteristics.

Abstract: A colorant from a natural source which produces a wide range of stable colors in food and beverages which have a pH range of 2.0 to about 8.0 is added to foods and beverages in effective proportion. The colorant is the anthocyanin from `Heavenly Blue` Morning Glory, peonidin 3-(dicaffeylsophoroside)-5-glucoside.

Abstract: A modified locking-type wrench is combined with a disposable syringe and an injector barrel having a tapered tip to provide a mini-injector apparatus for injecting, under pressure, growth regulators and other solutions into the vascular systems of seedlings and branches of relatively small diameter woody plants.

Abstract: Water repellancy is imparted to fibrous cellulosic textile material by applying to it, for a very short period of time, an isopropenyl ester containing a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst and then heat curing the treated material. Excellent water repellancy is obtained at a very low degree of substitution and a high degree of retention of tensile strength.

Abstract: Paper and paperboard made of felted cellulose fibers are chemically modified by applying to them an isopropenyl ester containing a catalytic amount of an acid catalyst and then heat curing the treated product. The process imparts water repellancy to the paper products with a very low degree of add-on, but with a very high degree of retention of tensile strength. The products also have excellent printability, are resistant to boiling water, and retain their opacity after exposure to water.

Abstract: A vaccine comprised of a purified capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus emulsified in an adjuvant was found to protect swine against the disease. The immunizing protein is the protein of the virus coat that is sensitive in situ to cleavage with trypsin. It is also the protein that migrates as VP.sub.3 when isolated by the method of polyacrylamide gel separation used in this invention rather than migrating as VP.sub.1, or VP.sub.2 as it does when isolated by other methods.

Abstract: Beef tallow is partitioned into five well defined fractions, each having its own distinctive fatty acid and glyceride composition and its own distinctive thermal characteristics, by a precise multi-step crystallization. Two of the five fractions are crystalline, one is a plastic solid and two are liquid. One of the liquid fractions accounts for 60% of the tallow and has a variety of uses in the formulation of salad oils, margarines and liquid and plastic shortenings. The composition and properties of the plastic solid fraction are very similar to those of cocoa butter and when it is mixed with cocoa butter it does not produce any significant change in thermal characteristics. In fact, an increment of one of the crystalline fractions or of one of the liquid fractions can be blended with an increment of the solid plastic fraction to make products that are compatible with cocoa butter and that have desirable thermal characteristics.

Abstract: Edible tallow is continuously processed through a crystallizing system to produce three fractions, one of which has physical and thermal properties like those of cocoa butter. Nominal residence time of the crystallizing solution in the system at steady state crystallizing temperature is less than ten minutes.

Abstract: Polyols suitable for use in urethane foams are made by a three-stage process that is much less dependent on petroleum-based chemicals than are prior art methods and that eliminates washing unreacted reagents out of the product. Trimethylolpropane is first reacted under acid catalysts with epoxidized tallow, the reacted epoxidized tallow is then reacted under alkaline catalysis with trimethylolpropane, and the resilient product reacted with propylene oxide.

Abstract: The process for sulfating fatty alkanolamides prepared from the reaction of fatty acids and esters with low molecular weight alkanolamines is improved by adding about 5 to 15% by weight of a low molecular weight alcohol to the fatty alkanolamide and consulfating with a sulfating agent.

Abstract: Tannery unhairing waste and acid whey are mixed in proportions containing from 20 to 40% by volume of the tannery waste to spontaneously precipitate proteinaceous matter from both waste effluents and leave a relatively clean supernatant liquid. When the mixture is warmed to about 70.degree. C, all macromolecular components are quantitatively precipitated.