Abstract: Anomerically pure 1-.alpha.- and 1-.beta.-esters of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose have been prepared in high yield by controlling the stereochemistry of 1-O-acylation of appropriately protected D-glucose. 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is metalated with n-butyllithium in either tetrahydrofuran or anhydrous benzene and the metalated product acylated with an appropriate alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl acid chloride. Hydrogenation of the acyl glucopyranose, when derived from a saturated acid chloride, yields the appropriate 1-.alpha.- or 1-.beta.-D-glucose ester. Reaction in tetrahydrofuran produces the .alpha.-anomer while reaction in anhydrous benzene produces the .beta.-anomer.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of isopropenyl stearate in which a comelt of stearic acid and zinc stearate is pumped through a reaction zone simultaneously with stabilized propyne. Total reaction time is about 10 minutes.

Abstract: The inclusion of one or more spiral lands on the interior bore of a short milk tube helps to prevent infection in any quarter from impaction of the end of the teat with milk that is caused to rush back up the tube by a combination of factors inherent in the machine milking process. The spiral lands cause the milk droplets to take on a spiral motion and be thrown out radially, thereby preventing impaction on the teat end.

Abstract: Improvements in the treatment of lime-sulfide unhairing wastes from both salt-cured and unsalted hides are provided. After undissolved lime is flocculated out of the waste of a salt-cured hide and the supernatant acidified to liberate hydrogen sulfide, the hydrogen sulfide is flashed off under reduced pressure at about from 100.degree. to 150.degree. F. The waste from unsalted hides is sparged with carbon dioxide prior to flocculation, the sparged waste is flocculated with a strongly cationic polyelectrolyte, and the hydrogen sulfide flashed off from the acidified supernatant liquid.

Abstract: Some secondary and tertiary straight and branched chain amides and amines were found to be highly lethal to nematodes and other helminths.

Abstract: Beef tallow is partitioned into five well defined fractions, each having its own distinctive fatty acid and glyceride composition and its own distinctive thermal characteristics, by a precise multi-step crystallization. Two of the five fractions are crystalline, one is a plastic solid and two are liquid. One of the liquid fractions accounts for 60% of the tallow and has a variety of uses in the formulation of salad oils, margarines and liquid and plastic shortenings. The composition and properties of the plastic solid fraction are very similar to those of cocoa butter and when it is mixed with cocoa butter it does not produce any significant change in thermal characteristics. In fact, an increment of one of the crystalline fractions or of one of the liquid fractions can be blended with an increment of the solid plastic fraction to make products that are compatible with cocoa butter and that have desirable thermal characteristics.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions which exhibit excellent anti-wear, corrosion, and oxidative thermal properties are prepared by adding from 0.06 to 2.0% of a partial phosphorous pentasulfide adduct of a polycyanoethylated keto fatty ester to a base oil. The base oil may be either a synthetic diester oil or a standard test petroleum oil such as paraffin mineral oil.

Abstract: An apparatus having a tubular shaped mixing chamber in which is enclosed a coated bar magnet for thoroughly mixing multiple streams of continuously flowing individual solutions. Movement of the coated bar magnet is restricted to yawing, pitching, and rolling by designed space limitations. The bar magnet is activated by placing the chamber over or in close proximity to a magnetic stirrer.

Abstract: A viral vaccine effective against foot-and-mouth disease is produced without the use of serum or non-chemically defined serum substitutes. A viable culture of baby hamster kidney cells in a heat-stable, glutamine-free, serum-free, chemically defined medium is inoculated with one of the seven major immunological types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses to which the cells are susceptible, the virus is propagated in the culture and the virus harvest is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: Beef tallow is partitioned into five well defined fractions, each having its own distinctive fatty acid and glyceride composition and its own distinctive thermal characteristics, by a precise multi-step crystallization. Two of the five fractions are crystalline, one is a plastic solid and two are liquid. One of the liquid fractions accounts for 60% of the tallow and has a variety of uses in the formulation of salad oils, margarines and liquid and plastic shortenings. The composition and properties of the plastic solid fraction are very similar to those of cocoa butter and when it is mixed with cocoa butter it does not produce any significant change in thermal characteristics. In fact, an increment of one of the crystalline fractions or of one of the liquid fractions can be blended with an increment of the solid plastic fraction to make products that are compatible with cocoa butter and that have desirable thermal characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating waste products having a bioreducing unit, means for scrubbing air and gases exhausted from the unit and for recovering byproducts formed in the bioreduction step, and means for dehumidifying the scrubbed air. Fly larvae which hatch from eggs added to the waste product in the bioreducing unit aerate the waste product and thus accelerate the bioreduction and removal of moisture. The fly larvae and the bioreduced manure are then separated on a perforated screen belt by utilizing the negative reaction of the larvae to light.

Abstract: Some secondary and tertiary straight and branched chain amides and amines were found to be highly lethal to nematodes and other helminths.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprised of a plurality of doctoring units, each of which is a pivotally supported combination doctor blade and V-shaped member, is described. In each unit the leading edge of the doctor blade is parallel to the plane of the surface of a processing belt conveying the material to be dried and the leading edge formed by the two plane faces of the V-shaped member is generally perpendicular to the plane of the belt when the unit is in doctoring position. In addition to doctoring, the apparatus and method imparts a tumbling action to the material being dried by the plowshare action of the V-shaped member. Comestibles dried with this method and apparatus can be transferred directly from the method to a puffing operation, thereby eliminating the usual time consuming equilibration period.

Abstract: Product of Entomophthora resting spores was increased by 50 to 70% by modifying an egg yolk media with a particular maltose agar. Germination of the resisting spores at levels up to 100% was obtained by preconditioning harvested spores by treatment with 95% ethanol, high speed blending, sonication, or a combination of ethanol treatment and high speed blending. Germination of spores which had been dried and stored but not pretreated as above was greatly increased by exposure to an atmosphere of 95% ethanol. In addition, treatment by the processes of this invention resulted in the production of a spore stage not previously observed or reported. Spores thus produced have been termed germ conidia.

Abstract: Production of Entomophthora resting spores was increased by 50 to 70% by modifying an egg yolk media with a particular maltose agar. Germination of the resting spores at levels up to 100% was obtained by preconditioning harvested spores by treatment with 95% ethanol, high speed blending, sonication, or a combination of ethanol treatment and high speed blending. Germination of spores which had been dried and stored but not pretreated as above was greatly increased by exposure to an atmosphere of 95% ethanol. In addition, treatment by the processes of this invention resulted in the production of a spore stage not previously observed or reported. Spores thus produced have been termed germ conidia.

Abstract: Ethers of open chain terpenoid compounds and their monoepoxides were synthesized and found to mimic the juvenile hormones of insects and to be extremely effective as insect control agents.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically analyzing up to 150 samples per hour with high precision. Air segmentation and its concomitant limitations and drawbacks are eliminated by use of a novel stream sampling valve which transfers a predetermined volume of sample only from a sample flow system to a reaction flow system.

Abstract: Off-flavor in maple sirup made from buddy sap or from good sap contaminated with buddy sap is removed by passing the sirup through a bed or column of ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Certain arylterpenoid compounds having excellent potential as insect control agents. The compounds are highly active as eclosion inhibiting agents against four species of flies and three species of mosquito.

Abstract: Sulfobenzylsilicas in which the organic moiety is bound to silica surfaces through a carbon-silicon bond are prepared by treating silica with thionyl chloride to chlorinate reactive silanol groups, reacting the product with benzyllithium and sulfonating the resulting benzylsilica. The sulfobenzylsilicas and their salts of noble metals are useful as bound stationary phases in various chromatographic procedures for the separation of a wide variety of natural product mixtures composed of closely related chemical compounds. For example, separation of methyl cis 9-octadecenoate and methyl trans 9-octadecenoate was readily achieved by gas-liquid chromatography on a modified silver sulfobenzylsilica column.