Abstract: There is provided a process for improving the alkaline discharge capacity of electrolytic manganese dioxide. The process comprises forming a mixture of electrolytic manganese dioxide, a carbon material and a strong base electrolyte and subjecting the mixture to electrochemical oxidation, in the presence of additional strong base electrolyte, while maintaining the mixture in an anodic condition. The process further comprises leaching the oxidized mixture to effect removal of any water soluble manganese salt byproducts formed during the electrochemical oxidation process.

Abstract: A system for loading coal (particles) into railroad cars 16 wherein a control weight of a railroad car 16 loaded with coal (particles) is established and a maximum permissible weight of a railroad car 16 loaded with coal (particles) is known, the control weight being less than the maximum permissible weight, The system utilizes a continuous loading system 12 and a batch loading system 14. Coal (particles) first is loaded into each of the railroad cars 16 utilizing the continuous loading system 12 and the continuous loading system 12 is designed such that the continuous loading system 12 loads an amount of coal (particles) into each of the railroad cars 16 having a weight less than the predetermined control weight.

Abstract: A rail-tie fastening assembly for connecting a rail having a rail flange to a tie comprising a rail seat assembly and a rail anchor. The rail seat assembly is connectible to the tie and includes an anchor slot and a seat hook assembly. The seat hook assembly is adapted to extend a distance over an upper surface of the rail flange. The rail anchor includes an anchor hook assembly adapted to extend over on the upper surface of the rail flange in an assembled position of the rail anchor to the rail seat assembly. The rail anchor is insertible through the anchor slot in the rail seat assembly to the assembled position. The seat hook assembly is spaced a distance from the upper surface of the rail flange to cooperate in permitting vertical movement of the rail in the assembled position of the rail anchor to the rail seat assembly. Tne anchor hook assembly engages one side of the rail flange and the seat hook assembly engages the opposite side of the rail flange to restrain lateral movement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for chemically treating structures fabricated from titanium based alloy compositions which compositions inherently possess positive open circuit corrosion potentials and reduced rates of corrosion properties. The method comprises contacting said fabricated structures with an aqueous pickling solution of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids at a temperature of at least ambient temperature. This contact is continued for a time sufficient to remove any deleterious oxide layers adhered to the surfaces of the alloy compositions of the fabricated structures.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the removal and recovery of acidic gases contained in mixed gas streams. The improvements comprise cooling a process regenerated aqueous alkanolamine solution containing an alkanolamine concentration ranging up to about 20 percent by weight to a temperature ranging up to about 35.degree. C. and introducing said cooled regenerated solution into an absorption zone to contact a mixed gas stream containing acidic gases and wherein the regenerated aqueous alkanolamine solution remains essentially at the temperature to which it is cooled throughout a substantial portion of the absorption zone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of high purity manganous-manganic oxide (Mn.sub.3 O.sub.4) is provided, wherein particulate manganese metal suspended in an aqueous solution containing a water soluble ammonium salt is oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a temperature of at least 30.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the recovery, individually, of natural gas liquids methane and nitrogen from a gaseous feed stream such as natural gas without the need for auxiliary refrigeration and without or with only minimal need for supplemental compressor or pumping equipment. The gaseous feed stream is separated in multiple steps utilizing process-derived streams and minimal pressure reductions to achieve and provide the refrigeration requirements necessary to effect the separation.

Abstract: A system for increasing the capacity of a process for producing titanium dioxide by reacting titanium tetrachloride vapors with oxygen wherein the process includes an oxygen preheat assembly for preheating oxygen to a predetermined temperature level and a first titanium tetrachloride preheat assembly for preheating titanium tetrachloride to a first, relatively high, temperature level, a portion of the oxygen and the titanium tetrachloride vapors at the first temperature level being reacted in a first reaction zone to produce a mixture of titanium dioxide reaction product, oxygen and unreacted titanium tetrachloride vapors at the first temperature level.

Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of particles which become airborne during either or both the dismantling and moving of structures wherein a foam is sprayed on the structures prior to either or both the dismantling and moving of such structures.

Abstract: The beneficiation or upgrading of an iron-containing titaniferous ore to a synthetic rutile by subjecting the ore to reduction followed by acid leaching of the reduced ore is improved by forming a mixture of the ore and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution, adding a reducing agent to this mixture and then subjecting this mixture containing the reducing agent to reduction at elevated temperatures. The resulting reduced ore, which is characterized by an increase in the ferrous iron content thereof and an increase in its specific surface area, exhibits an enhanced response to subsequent acid leaching to provide a synthetic rutile of improved purity.

Abstract: A process for producing agglomerated substantially completely hydrated detergent products is disclosed. The process includes forming an admixture containing, in combination, a hydratable condensed phosphate component, a hydratable detergent builder salt component, an alkali metal silicate and water, said water being present in an amount sufficient to effect agglomeration of the admixture and induce hydration of the hydratable components therein. A hardness sequestering agent then is added to the agglomerated and hydrated admixture and the resulting intermediate product subjected to aging to provide the finished agglomerated, substantially completely hydrated detergent product.

Abstract: An improved process for cryogenically separating a helium-bearing natural gas stream comprising subjecting the natural gas stream to a sequence of alternating cooling and separating steps wherein one or more process-derived streams are utilized to effect cooling of the natural gas streams to temperatures in the cryogenic range. The process provides for the separation and recovery of a natural gas liquids product stream consisting substantially of condensed C.sub.2 and higher hydrocarbons and a gaseous product stream consisting of at least 50 volume percent of helium with the balance being substantially nitrogen.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing concentrated aqueous solutions of byproduct nitrate compounds from dilute aqueous streams containing said byproduct nitrate compounds, calcium ions and anionic species capable of reaction therewith at elevated temperatures. The process provides for the removal of the calcium ions by the addition of a source of carbonate ions to said stream to form solid, particulated calcium carbonate therein, the separation of the solid particulate from the stream, the neutralization of the stream and concentration of the stream to provide a concentrated aqueous solution containing the byproduct nitrate compound.

Abstract: There are provided titanium dioxide pigments characterized by improved gloss developing and dispersibility properties in surface coating vehicles and reduced tendencies to adsorb moisture. Said titanium dioxide pigments comprise pigmentary titanium dioxide particles having deposited thereon a treating agent comprising at least one amine salt of a polyprotic acid having pK.sub.a1 value greater than about 2.5 and a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of at least 2.0 weight percent and an alkanolamine having a pK.sub.b1 greater than about 4.4.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a process for reducing the gaseous sulfur dioxide content of flue gases by either or both preheating coal prior to burning the preheated coal and controlling the combustion temperature level to control the amount of sulfur being converted to sulfates and remaining in the ash residue.

Abstract: A method for substantially removing both alkaline earth metal cations and dissolved acidic gases from a water source contaminated therewith to produce a substantially nonscaling and noncorroding water supply therefrom. The method includes contacting the contaminated water source with an ion exchange resin to substantially remove the metal cation contaminants contained therein and produce a demineralized intermediate effluent having a pH of less than about 3.5. The demineralized intermediate effluent then is stripped of the acidic gas contaminants dissolved therein and the pH of the stripped effluent adjusted to a value in the range of from about 9.0 to about 10.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium base alloy compositions having substantially improved resistance to corrosion in mineral acid environments and to structures fabricated therefrom. More particularly, the present invention relates to titanium base alloy compositions containing iron and copper in certain specified amounts, the remainder being substantially all titanium apart from incidental impurities therein and to anode structures fabricated therefrom for use in the electrolytic manufacture of battery grade manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A method for sequentially co-processing heavy hydrocarbon materials and carbonaceous materials comprising first subjecting the heavy hydrocarbon material in the presence of a disposable metal catalyst to produce and separate therefrom a first distillate stream and a first non-distillable effluent stream containing the disposable metal catalyst. The first non-distillable effluent stream then is mixed with the carbonaceous material and the mixture subjected to liquefaction conditions in the presence of said disposable metal catalyst. The liquefaction product then is subjected through the use of sequential fractionation and critical solvent extraction processing steps to separate and recover various heavy hydrocarbon and carbonaceous-derived light hydrocarbon liquid products therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for substantially reducing the concentration of coal tar based contaminants in waste water streams. The method comprises first forming an intimate mixture of the waste water stream to be treated with at least one coal tar based extractant. The intimate mixture then is subjected to an extraction temperature sufficient to reduce the concentration of the contaminant in the waste water stream to its equilibrium concentration as the extraction temperature employed. Finally, the mixture is separated and a treated waste water stream recovered which is characterized by a substantially reduced and constant concentration of the contaminants and a substantially reduced biological demand.

Abstract: The present invention provides for boron-containing wood preserving solutions and a method for their preparation. The wood preserving solutions of the invention are noncrystallizable at ambient temperatures and are prepared from a dispersion of a particulated sodium tetraborate, phosphoric acid and water by heating the dispersion at elevated temperatures and for a period of time sufficient to provide a clear solution. The particulated sodium tetraborate and phosphoric are present in the dispersion in a specific molar ratio of 5:3, said ratio being critical to achieving the noncrystallizable characteristic of the wood preserving solutions of the invention.