Abstract: A facultatively anaerobic microorganism of a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca is disclosed for degrading toxic waste materials into more environmentally acceptable materials. Processes for utilizing the microorganism in a sequencing batch reactor, and for treating industrial and municipal wastes, such as chemical waste landfill leachate and chemical process wastewater, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for coupling two low molecular weight telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene comprises reacting the telomers in a solvent with an amount of iron sufficient to form a coupled olefin. The olefin can then be fluorinated using a suitable fluorinating agent, such as chlorine trifluoride, to form a saturated product. Preferably, the solvent for the coupling reaction is acetonitrile, and the reaction is conducted under reflux conditions. A small amount of FeCl.sub.2 can optionally be added to the reaction mixture as an initiator for the reaction.

Abstract: An improved process for purifying thionyl chloride by the double distillation of an impure mixture of thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, sulfur monochloride, sulfur dichloride and sulfur dioxide is disclosed. The double distillation process is conducted in the presence of sulfur to convert sulfur dichloride into sulfur monochloride. The sulfuryl chloride content of the mixture is reduced by contacting the vapor from the reboiler in the first stage distillation with activated carbon prior to fractional distillation in the column. The product of the first stage distillation is then redistilled to produce a thionyl chloride product of high purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of chemical process wastewaters and chemical waste landfill leachates containing obnoxious and hazardous halogenated organic chemicals by the use of a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes to produce a liquid discharge acceptable to the environment in an efficient and economical manner.

Abstract: An improved diaphragm for an electrolytic cell is prepared by mixing a slurry of asbestos fibers with a dispersion of titanium dioxide in isopropyl alcohol, depositing the treated asbestos fibers onto a cathode, heating the diaphragm to an elevated temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., and allowing the diaphragm to cool.The diaphragm prepared according to this process exhibits improved mechanical strength and integrity as well as a decrease in electrical energy consumption in comparison to diaphragms prepared using conventional techniques.

Abstract: A ferrophosphorus composition with improved conductivity and passivation resistance is prepared by treating ferrophosphorus particles with an aqueous solution containing a dilute mineral acid and ions of chromium and a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, strontium, calcium, barium, lead or copper. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of chromium and zinc ions in the solution is in the range of about 2 grams/liter to about 10 grams/liter, and the treatment time is from about 2 to about 6 minutes.The treated ferrophosphorus particles can be formulated in a suitable resin binder for use as corrosion resistant coatings, weldable coatings, EMI shielding coatings or electrically conductive coatings. The treated ferrophosphorus particles can also be used in powder metallurgy applications.

Abstract: A flow-through sampling device is provided for obtaining clear filtrate samples from a pipeline containing a slurry of phosphoric acid and calcium sulphate. The sampling device comprises a sample chamber having inlet and outlet pipes connected to the high pressure and low pressure sides of the pipeline, respectively, the sample chamber having a filter attached to its side portion for removing solids from the slurry prior to obtaining a fluid sample. The sampling device can be equipped with an automatic analyzer for continuously monitoring the composition of the flow stream.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyester and polyesterether compositions having improved flame retardance, smoke generation and heat aging, reduced blooming and superior high temperature processability comprise a thermoplastic polyester or polyesterether resin derived from 1,4-butanediol and dimethyl terephthalate, antimony oxide, optionally fiberglass, and a chlorinated bisimide of the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: A process is described for recovering phosphorus from pond sludge found in ponds located near phosphorus plants. An aqueous solution of the sludge, which has a phosphorus concentration in the range of 5% to 70% by weight, is heated at a temperature in the range of 165.degree. F. to 212.degree. F., preferably for about 1/2 hour to about 6 hours, washed with water at an elevated temperature, and then reheated. A phosphorus layer having an enhanced concentration of recoverable elemental phosphorus is formed as a result of this process.

Abstract: An improved container is provided for transporting hazardous chemicals, and particularly chlorinated organic chemicals, such as benzoyl chloride. The improved container comprises a standard drum generally having a lining of a protective material, a removable cover, a rigid high density polyethylene bottle fitted inside the drum, and an inner lid fitted inside the drum and placed on top of the polyethylene bottle. The polyethylene bottle is provided with at least one (1) outlet projecting upwardly through a corresponding opening in the inner lid. At least one cap is provided for sealing the bottle against leakage of fluid, and the inner lid is securely fastened to the inside of the drum and to the polyethylene bottle.

Abstract: Dielectric fluid is prepared by combining perchloroethylene with an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 7-9 carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. The resulting dielectric has improved freezing point and nonflammability characteristics.

Abstract: A process for coupling two low molecular weight telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene comprises reacting the telomers with hydrogen in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst to form a coupled olefin. The catalyst comprises palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and mixtures thereof, either supported or unsupported. The olefin can be fluorinated using a suitable fluorinating agent, such as chlorine trifluoride, to form a saturated telomer.

Abstract: An improved process for preparaing telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene comprises the solution telomerization reaction of chlorotrifluoroethylene with carbon tetrachloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of cupric chloride (CuCl.sub.2) and an iron reductant. Preferably, the solvent for the system comprises acetonitrile, and the telomerization is carried out under elevated pressure conditions and at a temperature in the range of from about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. The crude telomer prepared by this process can be fluorinated to produce a stabilized oil or grease.

Abstract: An improved process is described for removing phosphorus from industrial waste water by contacting the waste water with ozone to convert reduced or organic phosphates into ortho-phosphates, and precipitating the soluble ortho-phosphates by treatment with lime. The precipitated material can be filtered, and the filtrate treated with activated carbon to produce an effluent stream having low levels of phosphorus.The process of this invention is particularly effective at low treatment temperatures, enabling efficient treatment of the waste water during periods of cold weather.

Abstract: A steam lance, which is useful to melt solid sulfur in the outlet underneath a sulfur tank car containing molten sulfur, comprises (in operative relationship) tip means for contacting a material to be heated (e.g., solid sulfur); conduit means for conducting heat exchanging fluid to, or to and from, said tip means; and pivot means disposed in an operative relationship therewith for pivotally supporting said conduit means to enable the application of force to said conduit means to urge said tip means against or into said material to be heated.

Abstract: A process for preparing methyl chlorosulfates by reacting methylene chloride with sulfur trioxide, stabilizing and distilling the reaction mixture, and recovering at least one methyl chlorosulfate as a distillate is disclosed. Preferably, the reaction produces two methyl chlorosulfates, i.e. chloromethyl chlorosulfate and methylene bis-(chlorosulfate), which are separated and recovered by fractional distillation.

Abstract: Alkali metal phosphates and HF can be produced from a substantially calcium-free fluoroaluminum phosphate precipitate (which also contains iron) made by the aging of wet process phosphoric acid containing iron, fluorine and aluminum, preferably phosphoric acid analyzing in the range of about 15%-45 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 2-4% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 1-2% fluorine. One process involves digestion of phosphate ore matrix in recycled phosphoric acid, filtration to remove the insoluble residue, precipitation and filtration to remove gypsum, and aging of the product acid to precipitate the aluminum impurity as a fluoroaluminum phosphate compound. The fluoroaluminum phosphate can be decomposed (as by heating at above 195.degree. C.) to produce HF and aluminum phosphate. The aluminum phosphate can be contacted with alkali metal hydroxide under conditions which produce an alkali metal phosphate.

Abstract: Trifluoroanisoles of the formula ##STR1## where m is 1 or 2 and n is 0 to 3, are prepared by reacting hydrogen fluoride with trichloroanisoles of the formula ##STR2## in the vapor phase, in the presence of a fluorinated alumina catalyst whereinX is halogen other than fluorine;R is aryl, preferably 1 to 14 carbon atoms, halogen substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms;m is 1 or 2;n is 0 to 3;w is 0 to 2;p is 1 to 3;q is 0 to 2;w+p+q is 3;w' is 1 to 3 and is greater than w;p' is 0 to 2 and is less than p;q' is 0 to 2 and is equal to q; andw'+p'+q' is 3.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyester and polyesterether compositions having improved flame retardance, smoke generation and heat aging, reduced blooming and superior high temperature processability comprise a thermoplastic polyester or polyesterether resin derived from 1,4-butanediol and dimethyl terephthalate, antimony oxide, optionally fiberglass, and a chlorinated bisimide of the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: A novel process for preparing a diaphragm-deposited activated cathode for use in a chlor-alkali cell is disclosed. The process involves heat-treating the activated cathode in an inert atmosphere, such as a nitrogen atmosphere, or a reducing atmosphere, such as a hydrogen atmosphere, during the baking or sintering of the diaphragm.Diaphragm-deposited activated cathodes prepared according to this invention exhibit better adhesive and stability than those which are prepared using conventional techniques. This, in turn, permits sustained operation in a chlor-alkali cell at a lower voltage for substantial energy savings.