Abstract: Red colors having the anthraquinone structure ##STR1## are disclosed wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates. Precursors are disclosed as well. In a preferred embodiment R.sub.4 is an alkyl-containing polymer linking a plurality of anthraquinones into a polymeric colorant especially useful as a nonabsorbable colorant for edibles.

Abstract: Vinylamine copolymers are disclosed. These copolymers have randomly distributed repeating units represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, the substituents independently selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy and halo; x and y are numbers greater than zero which total 1.0, the ratio of x to y from about 0.05:0.95 to about 0.95:0.05; and n is an integer from about 14 to about 10,000. Acid addition salts of these copolymers are also disclosed, as are vinylacetamide/aromatic hydrolysis precursors and the terpolymeric vinylamine/vinylacetamide/aromatic products of partial hydrolysis. The copolymers are useful as epoxy resin-curing agents and as components of protective or decorative coatings.

Abstract: A group of water-soluble polymeric yellow colors and their preparation is disclosed. These colors comprise a plurality of units of a chromophore of the formula ##STR1## wherein M.sup.+ is a pharmaceutically acceptable monovalent cation, attached directly to amine units present in a nonchromophoric polymer backbone. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the backbone is a homopolymer or copolymer of vinylamine. These colorants find special utility as nonabsorbable colorants for edibles, especially foods and beverages, where their yellow hue is an excellent color match for existing monomeric azo food colors such as tartrazine, and as components of acid-insoluble pigment lakes which are themselves suitable for use in edibles.

Abstract: Dihydrochalcones of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed wherein X is H or OH and R is lower alkyl. These materials are useful as sweeteners for edibles. A process for preparing these compounds using a novel intermediate is disclosed as are acid and base neutralization products of the subject dihydrochalcones.

Abstract: The ultrafiltration purification of aqueous solutions of polymeric colorants, wherein low molecular weight impurities are removed in an ultrafiltrate leaving a purified polymeric colorant-bearing retentate, is carried out with improved efficiency when during at least 2 diavolumes of ultrafiltration, the pH of the retentate is maintained above about pH 9.0.

Abstract: High molecular weight polyvinylamine hydrochloride for use as a flocculating agent in waste water systems is disclosed.

Abstract: Polymeric orange colors are disclosed having a noncrosslinked organic polymer backbone to which is covalently bonded a plurality of chromophores having a particular anthrapyridine structure. The colors are represented structurally as ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates; R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyls and alkylsulfonates; R.sub.5 is a lower alkyl or lower alkyl sulfonate and R.sub.4 is a noncrosslinked organic polymer linking a plurality (k) of said anthrapyridines into a polymeric colorant. The polymeric colorants are especially useful as nonabsorbable orange colorants for edibles.

Abstract: N-substituted maleimide polymers comprising the recurring structural units: ##STR1## wherein R and R' independently are lower alkyl groups of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from about 2 to about 2,000, are disclosed. Their preparation as well as the preparation of their monomer precursors and the preferred use of the polymers as antioxidants, particularly nonabsorbable food antioxidants, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Dihydrochalcones of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed wherein M.sup.+ is a cation, X is H or OH, and R is a lower alkyl. These materials are useful as sweeteners for edibles. They may be prepared by electrophilic addition of the 3-sulfo-5,6-dihydroxyhexyl group to the corresponding flavanones, using epoxysultone, and thereafter converting to the dihydrochalcone.

Abstract: Orange colors having the anthrapyridine structure ##STR1## are disclosed wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates of 1 through 3 carbon atoms and R.sub.5 is a lower alkyl or lower alkyl sulfonate.

Abstract: A generic polymeric agent for releasing 5-aminosalicylic acid or its salts is disclosed which comprises a nonabsorbable pharmacologically acceptable organic polymer backbone containing aromatic rings to which are covalently bonded via azo bonds a plurality of salicylic acid or salicylate salt groups. The azo bonds attach to the salicylates' 5-position carbon. The polymers undergo bacterial cleavage in the mammalian lower bowel to release 5-aminosalicylic acid and/or its salts.

Abstract: The ultrafiltration purification of aqueous solutions of polymeric colorants, wherein low molecular weight impurities are removed in an ultrafiltrate leaving a purified polymeric colorant-bearing retentate, is carried out with improved efficiency when, during at least two diavolumes of ultrafiltration, the salt content of the retentate is maintained above about 1% by weight.

Abstract: Foaming of aqueous solutions containing a polymeric dye can be inhibited by use of glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Red colors having the anthraquinone structure ##STR1## are disclosed wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates. Precursors are disclosed as well. In a preferred embodiment R.sub.4 is an alkyl-containing polymer linking a plurality of anthraquinones into a polymeric colorant especially useful as a nonabsorbable colorant for edibles.

Abstract: Ethylsulfonate-alkylamine copolymers are disclosed. These copolymers find special application as intermediates in the preparation of new water-soluble polymeric colorants which are also disclosed, especially water-soluble polymeric colorants for edibles.

Abstract: Ethylidene-bis-acetamide is prepared by the process of contacting a liquid mixture of acetaldehyde and acetamide with a solid cation exchange resin at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 110.degree. C. The ethylidene-bis-acetamide may later be converted to vinylacetamide, a material useful as a monomer for preparing active polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Acetylation of residual primary and secondary alkyl amine groups present in the structure of polymeric colorants and the acetylated colorant products are disclosed. The acetylation is a post production step. The acetylation improves the colorants' water solubility.

Abstract: Organic pigment lakes are prepared by adsorption of a high molecular weight or polymeric dye onto suitable substratum or extender therefor. The properties of the resultant polymeric lakes approach those of true pigments, and said lakes exhibit maximized dye loading capacities and are exceptionally free of bleed. Thus, the applicability of lake colors is extended in the various food systems and their use is also permitted as industrial pigments.

Abstract: An improved procedure for the conversion of commercial hesperidin into high-purity, crystalline hesperetin is disclosed. This procedure comprises purifying the crude starting material by insolubles removal and precipitation, followed by cleaving the saccharides with a strong mineral acid in lower primary alkanol. The use of lower alkanol in this transformation facilitates the isolation of a high purity product uncontaminated by resinified sugars.

Abstract: Poly(vinylamine salts of mineral acids are produced by reacting acetaldehyde and acetamide at a mole ratio of 1:2-4 with acid catalyst, cracking the ethylidene-bisacetamide which results into vinylacetamide, polymerizing the vinylacetamide with a free radical polymerization catalyst, and hydrolyzing the poly(vinylacetamide) to the desired amine salts by contacting the polyvinylacetamide with an aqueous solution of the corresponding mineral acid. This product may be converted to the free amine, which in turn may function as a precursor in the manufacture of certain polymeric dyes and colorants.