Abstract: Expanded layer, smectite clay having a regular pore structure suitable for catalytic uses and a process for preparing said expanded clay by treating a suspension of commercial smectite clay with a chromium-oligomer solution and subjecting the treated clay to a stabilization heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: Greater product yield and quality as well as simplified gas recovery can be attained by a huff and puff process for retorting oil shale. The process can be advantageously carried out in in situ retorts under ground as well as in surface retorts above ground. In the process, an active retort of raw oil shale is retorted without prior combustion of oil shale therein with retort off gases, which have been heated in a spent shale retort. In the preferred mode, retort off gases from the active retort and air are alternately injected into the spent retort to cyclically heat the off gases and combust the coked shale. The retort off gases can be deoiled and optionally scrubbed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide before being heated in the spent retort.

Abstract: A process to convert propylene to gasoline blending stock products comprises contacting C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 olefins under conversion conditions with an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst composition.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately determining the relative positioning of a well logging sonde or downhole tool in a bore hole is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an anchor for engaging the wall of the bore hole in fixed position and adapted to be carried into the bore hole on the downhole tool suspended on a logging wireline to a selected level, and a release mechanism controllable from the surface for releasing the anchor from the tool so that the tool can move independently of the anchor element. A sensing cable interconnects the anchor and the tool and is payed out from a reel carried by the tool as the tool separates from the anchor. Means actuated by the sensing cable are provided for transmitting electrical pulses up the wireline to the surface to indicate the relative distance between the anchor and tool.

Abstract: The continuous in-line melt flow rate control system (40; 100) is coupled to a mixer/extruder system (10; 97) including a polymer, stabilizer and degradent feeding system (12, 16, 18; 102) supplying mixed materials to the inlet end of an extruder (24; 108) having a die head (26) at the outlet end thereof. The control system (40; 100) is coupled between a rheometer (42; 112) which monitors a slip stream (46; 110) of melt from the extruder (24; 108) and a ratio controller (48; 93) in the feeding system (12, 16, 18; 102).

Abstract: Novel copolymers and molding compositions are prepared from acyl halide derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, acyl halide derivatives of tricarboxylic aromatic anhydrides and aromatic diamines and about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of phthalic anhydride moieties. Also, glass filled copolymers are prepared. The copolymers are useful as engineering plastics.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparation of hydroxymethyl aryl monocarboxylic acid compounds by reduction of arylene dicarboxylic acid compounds in the presence of a rhenium catalyst and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Alpha, beta-unsaturated esters are prepared by reaction between dimethylformal and carboxylic acid compounds of the formula RCH.sub.2 COOR' wherein R is a member of the class consisting of --H, -alkyl, -aryl, -aralky, -cycloalkyl, and -alkylaryl radicals, and R' is selected from the group consisting of --H and --CH.sub.3 radicals in the presence of AMS-1B borosilicate crystalline molecular sieve catalyst under reaction conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for purification of p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid containing 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, p-toluic acid and terephthalic acid impurities.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming an in situ oil shale retort which minimizes channeling, explosion gas turbulence and flame front tilting. In the process, explosives are detonated in an underground formation of oil shale to blast the oil shale into a permeable rubblized mass defining a retort, and gases emitted from the explosion are symmetrically vented. In the preferred form, the gases are vented through vertical vent holes and blast holes which extend through the top of the retort, as well as through a lateral access tunnel which extends into the bottom of the retort.

Abstract: Injection moldable homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers are prepared from fully or partially acylated aromatic diamines, aliphatic diamines or a mixture of these and aromatic tricarboxylic anhydride compounds or mixtures of tricarboxylic anhydrides and dicarboxylic acids. These polymers are improved by the addition of calcium moieties such as oxide, calcium acetate and calcium hydroxide. These polymers are useful for the preparation of injection molded articles.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for dehydrogenating a parafinic or naphthenic compound and for dehydrocyclizing a paraffinic compound comprising a straight chain of at least 5 carbon atoms, comprising: contacting an aforesaid compound under dehydrogenation conditions comprising a temperature in the range of from about 465.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C. with an active carbon catalyst having a cage-like structure and a BET surface area of at least 800 square meters per gram and a bulk density of at least 0.1 gram per cubic centimeter and comprising a substantially uniform dispersion of a metal, metal-containing material, or both in a porous carbon matrix, wherein the dispersed metal and metal in the dispersed metal-containing material are each a transition metal and wherein the total concentration of dispersed metal and dispersed metal-containing material is from about 0.001 to about 30 weight percent, calculated as the elemental metal and based on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for lubricating a machine is provided. In an embodiment a method is provided for generating pressure in a lubricating liquid and providing said liquid to a lubricating station at predetermined intervals. In another embodiment an apparatus is provided for pressurizing lubricating liquid in a reservoir and directing said liquid to a lubricating station.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oil-soluble Mannich condensation products wherein an amine is prereacted with a sulfonic acid or ammonium sulfonate, and the prereaction product is reacted with an aldehyde and an oxidized olefin polymer.

Abstract: Ortho-quinones with alkyl, olefin polymer, or halogen substituents and a process for the preparation of these compounds comprising a base catalyzed halogen oxidation of alkylated phenol.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous application of base cups to rounded bottom bottles including continuous feed of bottle and base cups and continuous removal of completed bottles. Further, a novel system is shown for applying glue or adhesive to the bottoms of the bottles for application of the base cup thereto.

Abstract: Tendency of smooth particles of a size to pneumatically fluidizing from plugging metal transfer conduits is overcome by changing the geometry a portion, at least 10 weight percent of the particles to jagged, rough or sharp particles, as by grinding and blending the changed geometry particles with the remaining smooth particles.

Abstract: Emissions of sulfur oxides from the regenerator of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit are reduced by selectively removing a portion of the sulfur from sulfur-containing coke deposits on deactivated cracking catalyst. This is accomplished by reaction of these deposits with limited amounts of molecular oxygen in a stripping zone at a temperature in the range from about 550.degree. to about 700.degree. C. Effluent gas from the striping zone is combined with the cracked hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A lightweight composite piston is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: Fiber-grade quality terephthalic acid can be obtained by dissolving partially purified terephthalic acid: the product separated from catalyst components and impurities in acetic acid solvent portion of oxidation effluent, acetic acid washed and dried: either in deionized water or acetic acid at temperatures from 250.degree. C. and upward, contacting the solution and hydrogen gas with a hydrogenation catalyst preferably a platinum family metal disposed on an insoluble support followed by separation of the solution from catalyst, cooling the separated solution to precipitate terephthalic acid, recovering, washing and drying the precipitate. The use of deionized water in the purification route, with respect to the oxidative preparation of terephthalic acid, has the drawback of maintaining two distinctly different solvent systems and tolerating the rather limited water solubility of the p-toluic acid.