Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by extruding a mixture of an inorganic refractory oxide component and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity to form extrudates which are broken into particles normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a., preferably greater than about 5.0 p.s.i.a. The calcination step is carried out in the presence of sufficient steam for a sufficient amount of time at a sufficient temperature to convert the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in the extrudates into an ultrahydrophobic zeolite having a unit cell size between about 24.20 and about 24.45 Angstroms and a sorptive capacity for water vapor less than about 5 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10.

Abstract: Herbicidal compositions having systemic herbicidal activity comprise solutions containing one or more systemic herbicides and an amount of an amide and sulfuric acid of the following formula sufficient to accentuate the activity of the systemic herbicide: ##STR1## wherein X is chalcogen, and each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is independently selected from hydrogen and organic radicals. As used herein, "amide" encompasses all compounds of formula (1) regardless of the chalcogen employed. The molar ratio of amide to sulfuric acid is usually within the range of about 1/4 to less than 2 so that at least some of the sulfuric acid is present as the monoamide-sulfuric acid adduct. The monoamide adduct also acts as a contact herbicide and thereby assists in the immediate control of treated vegetation. Solid compositions comprising combinations of systemic herbicides, sulfuric acid and the useful amides, with and without surfactants, and methods of using the solutions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance and positioning system utilizing a laser, the emitted beam from which is directed over the path along which a vehicle is to be guided. The laser beam impinges on a target area located on the vehicle in such a manner that the impingement of the laser beam on the target is continuously observable by the vehicle's operator. The operator steers the vehicle so that the laser beam continuously impinges on the target area until the vehicle reaches a preselected position in a confined space such a garage, a drive-through service lane, a loading dock and the like.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising both zeolite Beta and a Y zeolite having a unit cell size above about 24.40 angstroms and, preferably, a water vapor sorptive capacity at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.sub.o value of 0.10 of greater than 15 weight percent. Typical of the Y zeolites used in the composition of the invention are steam-stablized Y zeolites such as LZY-82 and LZY-84 zeolites. The composition is especially suited for us in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in acid catalyzed chemical conversion processes such as hydrocarbon conversion processes comprises zeolite beta and a dealuminated Y zeolite having an overall silica-to-alumina mole ratio greater than 6.0, preferably LZ-210 zeolite. A preferred catalyst contains nickel and molybdenum hydrogenation components in addition to the zeolite beta and the LZ-210 zeolite and, when used in gasoline hydrocracking, is found to be more active and selective for both light and heavy gasoline than a commercially available gasoline hydrocracking catalyst containing nickel and molybdenum hydrogenation components and a single steam-stabilized Y zeolite.

Abstract: NO.sub.x removal is accomplished by contacting a NO.sub.x -containing stream under reducing conditions with a urea-ammonia-water composition.

Abstract: Cellulosic materials are physically and/or chemically modified by contact with a combination of urea and sulfuric acid in which at least 25 percent of the sulfuric acid is present as the monourea adduct of sulfuric acid. The cellulosic materials thus treated possess uniquely modified physical and chemical properties. The methods of the invention can be employed to weaken the physical structure of the cellulosic material and thereby to assist in clearing land of vegetation and vegetation residue and in compacting and other processing of waste cellulosic materials. The methods of the invention can also be employed to increase the food value of cellulosic materials for animals, including humans, and, in particular, to increase the food value of such materials for ruminant mammals.

Abstract: A composition useful for catalyzing alkylation and transalkylation reactions comprises a molecular sieve having alkylation and/or transalkylation activity, an inorganic refractory oxide component and greater than 3.5 weight percent water. Such a catalyst has been found to maintain a long life when used to produce ethylbenzene in an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with ethylene and transalkylated with diethylbenzene. The catalyst can also be used to produce cumene via an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with propylene and transalkylated with diisopropylbenzene.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking various types of hydrocarbon feedstocks in an ammonia-rich environment using a catalyst comprising zeolite Beta and a noble metal hydrogenation component, preferably palladium.

Abstract: A reactivated catalyst having optimum activity for hydrocracking and other acid catalyzed chemical conversion processes is prepared by contacting its deactivated counterpart, which contains a crystalline molecular sieve, a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation component and carbonaceous deposits, with a gas containing molecular oxygen, preferably air, at a temperature between 950.degree. and 1200.degree. F., preferably between about 1050.degree. and 1150.degree. F., for a time sufficient to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous deposits. When the reactivated catalyst contains a dealuminated Y zeolite that has been ion-exchanged with both noble metal and rare earth metal cations, its activity for hydrocracking in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere can be further increased by a rejuvenation procedure in which the reactivated catalyst is contacted with an aqueous ammonia solution in which an ammonium salt has been dissolved.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions useful as foliar fertilizers contain ammonium ion, at a phytotoxic concentration, and sufficient magnesium ion to minimize the phytotoxic effect of the ammonium ion when the solution is applied to plant foliage. Also provided is a method for foliarly fertilizing plants sensitive to ammonium ion with ammonic nitrogen-containing fertilizers which method comprises applying magnesium ion to the plant foliage either prior to, simultaneously with or after application of the ammonic fertilizer to reduce the sensitivity of the plants to ammonium ion.

Abstract: A metals scavenging composition comprising a rare earth component and a layered magnesium silicate, such as sepiolite or attapulgite, is mixed with separate particles of a cracking catalyst and the mixture used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks containing relatively high concentrations of vanadium and other contaminant metals. The use of the metals scavenger prolongs the life of the catalyst while maintaining (1) relatively high conversions and gasoline yields, and (2) relatively low hydrogen and coke makes.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylated organic compound via alkylation and/or transalkylation in which an organic feedstock is contacted with an organic reactant in the presence of a catalyst under conditions such that components of the organic feedstock react with the organic reactant to form an alkylated compound. The catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having alkylation and/or transalkylation activity and contains, after calcination, between about 250 and 20,000 ppmw ammonium ions, calculated as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 O on a volatiles-free basis. In two preferred embodiments of the invention, the catalyst is employed, respectively, in the alkylation zone of a process for producing cumene via the alkylation of benzene with propylene and in the alkylation zone of a process for producing ethylbenzene via the alkylation of benzene with ethylene.

Abstract: The concentration of aromatics in a hydrocarbon feedstock, preferably a diesel oil, is increased by contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen at an elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst devoid of Group VIB metal components and comprising nickel and/or cobalt components supported on a mixture of one or more amorphous, inorganic, refractory oxide components and an acidic, crystalline, intermediate pore molecular sieve, preferably a mixture of alumina and silicalite.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the offretite structure comprises silicon, gallium, oxygen and substantially no aluminum. The molecular sieve is synthesized by crystallizing a hydrogel reaction mixture which is preferably formed by mixing a substantially alumina-free galliosilicate hydrogel containing an offretite selective templating or directing agent with a galliosilicate solution substantially free of alumina. The crystallized molecular sieve can be employed, after activation by removing the templating agent and reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which is suitable for use in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by extruding a mixture of an inorganic refractory oxide component and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity to form extrudates which are broken into particles normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a., preferably greater than about 5.0 p.s.i.a. The calcination step is carried out in the presence of sufficient steam for a sufficient amount of time at a sufficient temperature to convert the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in the extrudates into an ultrahydrophobic zeolite having a unit cell size between about 24.20 and about 24.45 Angstroms and a sorptive capacity for water vapor less than about 5 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10.

Abstract: Slurries of water-saturated coal and liquid hydrocarbon carriers having the properties of low apparent viscosity, controlled sedimentation and easy separation, which properties render the slurries transportable over long distances in conventional oil pipelines to predetermined destinations where they are easily separated into their constituent parts, are prepared by combining coal with a liquid hydrocarbon carrier, a minor amount of water in excess of the amount in the water-saturated coal and, optionally, a surfactant to form a mixture and then agitating the mixture under high shear conditions to form agglomerated coal particles in which water acts as a coordinator bridging layer around and/or among the agglomerated particles.

Abstract: The pour point and/or cloud point of the lube fractions comprising a waxy hydrocarbon feedstock containing straight and branched chain paraffins is reduced by contacting the feedstock in a dewaxing zone, preferably in the presence of added hydrogen, with a dewaxing catalyst comprising (1) an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size between about 5.0 Angstroms and about 7.0 Angstroms and (2) a large pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size above about 7.0 Angstroms and typically selected from the group consisting of silicoaluminophosphates, ferrosilicates, aluminophosphates and Y zeolites. A hydrocarbon fraction of reduced paraffin content is recovered from the effluent of the dewaxing zone. Preferred intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicalite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite. Preferred large pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and ammonium exchanged and steamed Y zeolites.

Abstract: A midbarrel hydrocracking catalyst for use in producing middle distillate products from hydrocarbon feedstocks via hydrocracking comprises at least one hydrogenation component, preferably one containing a metal selected from Group VIB and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite, an intercalated clay such as pillared clay, and, optionally, a crystalline molecular sieve, preferably a zeolitic molecular sieve such as the modified Y zeolite known as LZ-10 zeolite.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the erionite-type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zN.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, N is an alkali metal other than M, preferably potassium, Q is a cation derived from the templating agent used in synthesizing the galliosilicate molecular sieve, preferably a choline cation, x equals 5.5 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 0.9, t equals 0.1 to 0.6 and y+z+t equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrodewaxing, hydrocracking and isomerization processes.