Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by extruding a mixture of a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity to form extrudates which are broken into particles normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a., preferably greater than about 5.0 p.s.i.a. The calcination step is carried out in the presence of sufficient added steam for a sufficient amount of time at a sufficient temperature to convert the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in the extrudates into an ultrahydrophobic zeolite having a unit cell size between about 24.20 and about 24.45 Angstroms and a sorptive capacity for water vapor less than about 5 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10.

Abstract: A process for treating a molecular sieve-containing alkylation catalyst to increase its selectivity for monoalkylation in which the alkylation catalyst is contacted with a feedstock comprising at least one organic compound under conditions such that a sufficient amount of carbonaceous material evenly deposits on the alkylation catalyst to substantially suppress its alkylation activity. The carbon-containing catalyst particles are then subjected to combustion by contacting them with a gaseous oxidizing agent at an elevated temperature to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous material, preferably substantially all of the carbonaceous material, thereby increasing the selectivity of the catalyst for monoalkylation by at least about 1.0 percentage point. The resulting alkylation catalyst an be used to alkylate benzene and other aromatic compounds with ethylene, propylene or other olefins to produce high yields of ethylbenzene, cumene and other alkylated products.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by calcining a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a. under conditions such that the unit cell size of the zeolite is reduced to a value between about 24.32 and about 25.45 Angstroms while the water vapor sorptive capacity of the zeolite is decreased to a value between about 5 and about 15 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10. The moderately steam calcined zeolite is mixed with a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component and the resultant mixture is extruded to form particles which are broken into extrudates normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a.

Abstract: The pour point and/or cloud point of the lube fractions comprising a waxy hydrocarbon feedstock containing straight and branched chain paraffins is reduced by contacting the feedstock in a dewaxing zone, preferably in the presence of added hydrogen, with a dewaxing catalyst comprising (1) an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size between about 5.0 Angstroms and about 7.0 Angstroms and (2) a large pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size above about 7.0 Angstroms and typically selected from the group consisting of silicoaluminophosphates, ferrosilicates, aluminophosphates and Y zeolites. A hydrocarbon fraction of reduced paraffin content is recovered from the effluent of the dewaxing zone. Preferred intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicalite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite. Preferred large power crystalline molecular sieves are silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and ammonium exchanged and steamed Y zeolites.

Abstract: A catalyst composition composed of a porous, inorganic refractory oxide in intimate combination with between about 40 weight percent and about 70 weight percent of a crystalline aluminosilicate Y zeolite. The Y zeolite contains ion-exchanged Group VIII noble metal cations and preferably has a silica-to-alumina mole ratio above about 6.0. Such a catalyst containing the recited amount of zeolite has been found to possess higher than expected activity when used to hydrocrack feedstocks in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere and to retain activity for hydrocracking in ammonia-deficient atmospheres after regeneration. The most preferred Y zeolite for use in the catalyst has a silica-to-alumina mole ratio between about 6.1 and about 7.0 and is prepared by contacting an ammonium-exchanged Y zeolite with an aqueous solution of ammonium hexafluorosilicate.

Abstract: Delaminated clays whose X-ray diffraction patterns do not contain a distinct first order reflection are prepared from synthetic and natural swelling clays whose particles have a length-to-width ratio greater than about 2.0, a length-to-thickness ratio greater than about 5.0 and are comprised of randomly oriented platelets by reacting the clay with a pillaring agent selected from the group consisting of polyoxymetal cations, mixtures of polyoxymetal cations, colloidal particles comprising alumina, silica, titania, chromia, tin oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, and cationic metal clusters comprising nickel, molybdenum, cobalt or tungsten and then subjecting the resulting reaction products to drying in a gaseous medium, preferably spray drying. The resulting acidic delaminated clays, which contain the microporosity associated with zeolites and pollared clays and the macroporosity associated with amorphous aluminosilicates, may be used as the active component of cracking and hydroprocessing catalysts.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: Silicon carbide is produced by a method which includes dipsersing silica in a residual oil, carbonizing the oil at elevated temperatures, and heating the carbonized dispersion to form silicon carbide. Preferably, the silica is an amorphous type. Preferred residual oils are produced by distilling away crude petroleum components at temperatures up to about 350.degree. C. The silicon carbide product typically contains a mixture of powder and whisker configurations, and has many particles with a dimension less than about 1 micrometer.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing an intermediate pore molecular sieve, such as silicalite or a ZSM-5 type zeolite.

Abstract: Hydrocracking catalysts comprise a Group VIB and/or non-noble metal Group VIII hydrogenation component in conjunction with an LZ-210 zeolite preferably of SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 greater than 9.0, which zeolite has been hydrothermally treated and ammonium ion-exchanged. In a preferred embodiment, the zeolite is essentially free of rare earth metals, and most preferably, essentially free of all metals except the Group VIB or non-noble Group VIII.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks containing relatively high levels of nitrogen contaminants are converted by catalytic cracking to products of lower average molecular weight by contacting the feedstock under cracking conditions with a cracking catalyst having a surface area of at least 150 m.sup.2 /gm and comprising greater than about 25 weight percent of a rare earth exchanged Y zeolite dispersed in a matrix containing a synthetic silica-alumina component in which the weight ratio of silica-to-alumina is equal to or greater than about 0.5.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the faujasite structure is synthesized by mixing a hydrogel having the following oxide mole ratios of components:SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =6 to 15Na.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1 to 5H.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =80 to 500with a clear galliosilicate solution having the following oxide mole ratios of components:SiO.sub.2 /Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =5 to 30Na.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =6 to 20H.sub.2 O/Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 =200 to 800to form a mixture. The resultant mixture is then crystallized without stirring at a temperature below about 150.degree. C. to form the galliosilicate molecular sieve with the faujasite structure.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst of large surface area for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride comprises the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus and, optionally and preferably, tin, in combination with a microporous crystalline silica or a crystalline zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 6.

Abstract: A process for treating a molecular sieve-containing alkylation catalyst to increase its selectivity for monoalkylation in which the alkylation catalyst is contacted with a feedstock comprising at least one organic compound under conditions such that a sufficient amount of carbonaceous material evenly deposits on the alkylation catalyst to substantially suppress its alkylation activity. The carbon-containing catalyst particles are then subjected to combustion by contacting them with a gaseous oxidizing agent at an elevated temperature to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous material, preferably substantially all of the carbonaceous material, thereby increasing the selectivity of the catalyst for monoalkylation by at least about 1.0 percentage point. The resulting alkylation catalyst can be used to alkylate benzene and other aromatic compounds with ethylene, propylene or other olefins to produce high yields of ethylbenzene, cumene and other alkylated products.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from oil shale and other solids containing organic material by heating the solids to a temperature below about 900.degree. F., preferably between about 550.degree. F. and about 900.degree. F., in the absence of an added liquid organic solvent and then contacting the heated solids with a liquid organic solvent in such a manner that the solids and solvent do not form a slurry and under conditions such that hydrocarbons are extracted from the heated solids into the organic solvent. The extracted hydrocarbons are then recovered from the solvent by fractionation. Normally, the solids will be heated by contacting them with a hot, monoxidizing gas, preferably an oxygen-free flue gas generated within the process.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quarternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by calcining a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a. under conditions such that the unit cell size of the zeolite is reduced to a value between about 24.32 and about 25.45 Angstroms while the water vapor sorptive capacity of the zeolite is decreased to a value between about 5 and about 15 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10. The moderately stream calcined zeolite is mixed with a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component and the resultant mixture is extruded to form particles which are broken into extrudates normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for converting hydrocarbon feeds to midbarrel products is prepared by extruding a mixture of a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having cracking activity to form extrudates which are broken into particles normally ranging in length between 1/16 and 1/2 inch. The extruded particles are then calcined in the presence of added steam at a water vapor partial pressure greater than about 2.0 p.s.i.a., preferably greater than about 5.0 p.s.i.a. The calcination step is carried out in the presence of sufficient added steam for a sufficient amount of time at a sufficient temperature to convert the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in the extrudates into an ultrahydrophobic zeolite having a unit cell size between about 24.20 and about 24.45 Angstroms and a sorptive capacity for water vapor less than about 5 weight percent of the zeolite at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.degree. value of 0.10.