Abstract: An apparatus for determining the roll angle of a rotating projectile, shell, missile or the like as it leaves the barrel or launch tube includes a magnetized part with a known polarization direction provided in the projectile, and two pairs of windings mounted at the very front of the muzzle bell of the barrel in such a way that a voltage is induced in the windings when the projectile passes the mouth, and an evaluation unit is designed to calculate, based on the voltage signals, the roll angle position of the projectile upon firing.

Abstract: A device is employed in a recoil system for large-caliber ordnance, to effectuate damping of the recoil system during its rearward movement with simultaneous storage of energy obtained from the recoil kinetic energy of the recoil system. The device then supplies thus stored energy, to the recoil system on its recuperative movement which follows the recoil movement. The device may also supply energy to other energy consumers disposed on or in the proximity of the gun. The device may also receive additional energy in the event of energy supply shortage.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the roll angle position of a rotating projectile, with the aid of polarized electromagnetic radiation, comprises a transmitter for emitting a position-determining polarized radiation in the direction towards the projectile and a receiver arranged in the projectile for receiving the transmitted radiation. The emitted radiation consists of two components, a first component in the long-wave (LF) band and a second component in the microwave band. The microwave component comprises a pulse train in which the pulses are intended to indicate when the long-wave component is situated in a certain phase position, for example, to indicate the sinusoidal long-wave component's zero cross-overs with a positive-going derivative. This takes place in such a way that a synchronizing pulse is emitted by the long-wave transmitter to the microwave transmitter which transmits a short series of microwave pulses as an indication to the projectile.

Abstract: An ammunition unit includes an impact fuse for sensing the hardness of a target and, based on the sensed hardness, triggering a burst inside, at or outside the target. The impact fuze includes a first sensor for sensing soft targets having a first outer cone with a conductive inner surface and a first inner cone surrounded by the first outer cone having a conductive outer surface. These conductive inner surfaces come in contact with each other upon an impact of the ammunition unit against a soft target due to deformation of the outer cone towards the first inner cone. A second impact sensor for sensing hard targets includes a second inner cone with a conductive outer surface and the first inner cone having also a conductive inner surface and surrounding the second inner cone, the first inner cone being deformable or displaceable towards the second inner cone with the conductive surfaces coming into contact with each other upon impact against hard targets, but not during impact against a soft target.

Abstract: A submunition which is arranged to be separated from a missile or projectile for example, a shell canister or the like, over a target area including an active part, in the form of a warhead, a target detector and means for imparting to the submunition a controlled rotation for scanning of the target area in a helical pattern during the descent of the submunition towards the target area. The target detector is displaceable in order to allow a free view at the side of the warhead. The two diametrically situated aerofoils are pivotable from a folded position, in which the aerofoils connect with the outer surface of the submunition, to a 90.degree. unfolded position, in which the two aerofoils form a braking area for controlling the rate of descent of the submunition. The two aerofoils are pivotally arranged via a double joint.

Abstract: A projectile is provided for penetration into targets of both slight and great resistance to penetration. The projectile is also operative for exploding the payload of the projectile after penetration. The projectile includes a forward barrier of high strength material and a fuse adapted to be detonated on impact with targets. This fuse operates with high sensitivity on impact with targets of slight resistance to penetration and by delayed action which permits explosion of the payload of the projectile after penetration. A delayed action charge included in the fuse is placed behind the barrier and is allocated a protected position where shock waves which occur in the forward material portions of the projectile are prevented from triggering or actuating the delayed action charge. The delayed action charge is exposed to a unit placed between the barrier and the delayed action charge, the unit, when the fuse is detonated, effectuating a reliable ignition of the delayed action charge.

Abstract: The invention relates to means for reducing the spread of shots in a weapon system in which the shots are fired from the weapon in a ballistic trajectory from a launching device towards a target. It comprises means for measuring the position of the target, means for measuring the muzzle velocity of the ammunition unit, and, in one embodiment, also means for measuring the actual trajectory parameters of the ammunition unit (shell, projectile or the like), for instance the reduction of velocity in a specific trajectory distance. In response to these values the impact point is predicted. A braking command is transmitted to the ammunition unit via a radio line in response to the difference between the actual position of the target and the predicted impact point for braking the velocity of the ammunition unit in order to improve the hit probability. The braking means preferably comprises a plurality of braking flaps distributed about the periphery of the ammunition unit.

Abstract: A mechanism to be utilized for winding wire on a spool in tight coils without space between them. The mechanism includes rotating devices (14) and (16) which when activated rotate the spool (12) about its longitudinal axis (13). A wire guiding unit is arranged to be automatically moveable in all directions to the side of the thus rotating spool. The unit comprises a pressure roller (2) or equivalent which with a predetermined force presses that section of wire which during winding runs inwards at an angle against that section of wire which comprises the previous coil of wire in the layer being wound. During winding the pressure roller (2) adjoins and presses the section of wire being wound against the last wound coil of wire and the mantle surface of the spool or the already wound underlying layer of wire.

Abstract: A hollow charge for causing a primary effect by making a hole in a target (1) and a secondary effect by charge material emanating into the target via this hole (1a) and causing a sudden pressure rise, fire, fragmentation, poison or a corresponding damaging effect within the target. The charge comprises a cavity (9) expanding in the burst direction and covered with a metal layer (10). At the initiation of the charge a forward directed penetrating jet (2) having a high velocity (v.sub.1, v.sub.2) is generated and also a slug (3) with a comparatively low velocity (v.sub.3). The charge further comprises an additional body (11) in front of or integrated with the metal layer for generating a separate jet part (4) at the initiation of the charge, which part (4) follows behind the penetrating jet (2) and is included in the charge material causing the secondary effect.

Abstract: A method of coating which involves applying to a surface a dispersion containing a main bonding agent and a temporary bonding agent. The main bonding agent is not film forming at room temperature. Next the continuous phase of the dispersion is permitted to evaporate or is driven off, followed by precipitation of the main bonding agent and the temporary bonding agent to form a porous powder layer on the surface. The temporary bonding agent bonds the main bonding agent to the surface. The porous layer is then exposed to a solvent which causes the particles of the bonding agents to flow together, and any excess solvent is removed.

Abstract: Electric mass and force measuring apparatus which includes two force transducers, one of which provides an electrical output signal which is proportional to the gravitational force acting on the mass to be determined, and the other providing an electrical output signal which is proportional to the gravitational force of a known mass. A signal processor responds to both of the electrical output signals and provides an output signal which represents the unknown mass. The force transducers are of the type which respond only to a force component acting in a predetermined direction, and are supported in a common frame in a manner which insures that the predetermined directions of the transducers are parallel to each other. The force transducers are preferably of the beam type and include a beam which is freely deflectable at one end and rigidly secured to another beam which extends freely to the side of the first-mentioned beam, while also being shorter than such first-mentioned beam.

Abstract: Apparatus for supporting and elevating a gun barrel, wherein a pair of telescoping cyclinders are attached to the barrel and frame of the gun, respectively. A piston assembly positioned between the cylinders supports the unbalanced weight of the barrel against a fluid medium with a control valve varying the resulting pressure ratio during elevation of the barrel.

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting the terminal portion of the ballistic trajectory of a projectile. The projectile is initially fired at a target in a manner to cause the projectile to rotate in flight. At least one detector is mounted on a front surface of the rotating projectile to rotate with the projectile and scan the target area in a spiral pattern. A laser beam is directed to hit the target and a reflected portion of the beam energizes the scanning detector. The energized detector transmits an ignition signal to activate a trajectory correction motor and an associated nozzle having a plug that is weakened in response to the signal. The activated motor operates during the terminal portion of the trajectory to generate a thrust pulse that is passed through the nozzle having the weakened plug. The thrust pulse is directed by the nozzle to correct the trajectory of the projectile.

Abstract: A brake device for retarding linear and rotative movement of a load carrying unit after ejection from an in-flight projectile, wherein a container encloses the unit and includes a plurality of slits which divide the container into sections. Each section includes a concave end portion which pivots into a position for retarding movement of the unit responsive to movement of the container through the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pair of hydraulically operated cylinder assemblies adaptable for positioning the barrel of an artillery weapon and including novel hydraulic dampening assemblies for controlling the speed of movement of the barrel.

Abstract: A rammer head assembly for moving a projectile and a propellant charge from a first position behind a barrel chamber of a firearm into a second position within the barrel chamber, with the propellant charge being positioned adjacent to a closed rear end of the chamber. The rammer head assembly being rotatably supported so as to swing the propellant charge end-to-end behind the projectile and including a pivotable front end portion for contacting and moving the projectile into the firing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a cement mortar with a density of 1200-2000 kg/m.sup.3 with good stability in a fresh condition. According to the invention, this good stability in the mortar is achieved through an extremely fine-pored structure initiated by fine-particle material with certain fixed properties added to the fresh mortar. The invention also comprises a method, using said mortar as a binding agent, of producing a lightweight aggregate concrete with an aggregate content of 45-80 percent by volume and a density below 1400 kg/m.sup.3 where the aggregate material has a particle density of less than 1200 kg/m.sup.3 and the mortar entirely fills out the space between the aggregate particles.

Abstract: A device providing for the recoilless firing of a missile from a launching tube and comprising a gas generator surrounding a rear portion of the tube, with a plurality of apertures formed in the tube and positioned to allow high pressure gas to pass from the gas generator into an area behind the missile to provide a sufficient launch force.

Abstract: An improved low-profile turret for a large-calibre tank-mounted firearm includes a support for operating personnel and a box-shaped structure which permits the turret to blend into the upper surface of the tank. An improved loading pendulum is also disclosed.

Abstract: A spoiler control assembly for deflecting a stream of propelling gas to pass through an exhaust nozzle of a motor drive missile type device, wherein the spoiler control assembly includes at least one spoiler blade attached for joint rotation with a turning shaft mounted within the missile. The spoiler blade is positioned adjacent an end surface of the nozzle and is inclined at a predetermined acute angle relative to a plane extending directly across an opening of the nozzle, with the shaft being selectively rotated to extend a portion of the spoiler blade into the stream of propelling gas.