Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a sulfurized alkyl phenate product to achieve a high sulfurization ratio of sulfurized alkyl phenate to unsulfurized alkyl phenate/phenol in the context of a neutralized and optionally overbased additive. The sulfurized alkyl phenate product is obtained by sulfurizing an alkyl phenol with a sulfur chloride blend that includes about 40 to about 75 weight percent of sulfur dichloride.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to heavy duty crankcase lubricating oil compositions achieving high piston cleanliness of steel piston pursuant to the OM471 piston cleanliness test using a detergent system of sulfonate soap and dispersant system of one or more polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants to the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detergent additives and methods for preparing a sulfurized alkyl phenate product from polyalphaolefins.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a driveline for an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle including an electric motor with an insulated magnet wire and a lubricating and cooling fluid configured to maintain the durability of the magnet wire.

Abstract: Melamine-based compounds suitable, in one embodiment, as a corrosion inhibitor for lubricating compositions and, in particular, a corrosion inhibitor for transmission fluids (manual, automatic, dual-clutch, or electric), axle fluids, differential fluids, tractor fluids, industrial gear fluids, and/or lubricating fluids for other gear-type applications. The melamine-based compounds are in the form of oil-soluble hydrocarbyl-substituted melamine derivatives comprising the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride reacted with melamine at conditions effective to form a hydrocarbyl-substituted melamine polycarboxylic acid or anhydride compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and methods of lubricating a spark-ignition engine effective to improve low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) through selection of lubricant elemental relationships rather than through the addition of supplemental fluid additives with the added benefit that the relationships herein, in some circumstances, improve the low-speed pre-ignition independent of the underlying base oil quality. The lubricating compositions herein include one or more base oils of lubricating viscosity, one or more phosphorus-containing additives providing low levels of phosphorus, a detergent system providing calcium and/or magnesium with certain relationships of the calcium sulfated ash content to the low phosphorus content.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for identifying a hydrocarbon fuel, such as the presence and/or amounts of marker compounds having a fluorescence intensity and, through correlation, the presence and/or amounts of additive package(s) within the hydrocarbon fuel. The methods include obtaining a sample of a hydrocarbon fuel including a marker compound having fluorescence, combining the hydrocarbon fuel with water, and subjecting a water phase thereof to light for observing fluorescence.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to lubricants with certain amounts of calcium and zinc that tend to perform well in the low-speed FZG scuffing tests of CEC L-07 (FZG A/8.3/90) and further include certain amounts of low molecular weight diol and/or triol compounds to achieve good gear wear performance in FZG wear tests. The lubricants herein are suitable for use as industrial gear oils for transmission fluids (i.e., manual, automatic, or dual-clutch transmissions), gear fluids, axle fluids, differential fluids, and/or lubricating fluids for other gear-type applications configured for heavy-duty applications.

Abstract: This disclosure describes low ash lubricating composition achieving passing steel corrosion, passing high temperature deposit formation, and emulsion stability. The lubricating compositions include one or more select corrosion or rust inhibitor chemistries having an oil-soluble acyclic structure with acidic, hydroxy, or amine moieties but being free of imine, imide, and/or amidine moieties.

Abstract: A detergent additive package comprising a quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the quaternary ammonium internal salt is obtained from amines or polyamines that is substantially devoid of any free anion species, wherein the Mannich base detergent mixture comprises a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine, wherein the weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1, and wherein the weight ratio of the quaternary ammonium internal salt detergent and the Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and, in particular, lubricating compositions suitable for medium and/or heavy duty diesel engines having low levels of phosphorus and/or zinc but still achieving good valve train wear by including an antiwear system provided from overbased zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates having a selected average degree of branching and a certain percent of hydrocarbyl groups derived from secondary alcohols.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions configured for motorcycles and also to methods of lubricating a motorcycle engine, transmission, and clutch assembly with a single lubricating composition that is generally provided from a common sump or reservoir to achieve improved fuel economy.

Abstract: An oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive and a lubricating composition including the ashless antiwear additive having improved copper corrosion performance obtained by reacting an organic hydroxy compound with phosphorus pentasulfide to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product and recovering a condensate, and reacting the condensate with an unsaturated ester of a carboxylic acid to form an oil-soluble phosphorus antiwear additive.

Abstract: An electric motor lubricating fluid for an electric motor system including a lubricating base oil, at least one sulfurized component, at least two phosphorus-providing additives, and at least one high molecular weight dispersant. The electric motor lubricating fluid provides acceptable wear performance as well as good electrical conductivity and oxidative stability for use in electric motor system fluids having a low viscosity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides fuel additives including quaternary ammonium salt mixtures, fuel compositions including such additives, and methods of improving performance of fuel injector using such additives.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and, in particular, lubricating compositions suitable for motorcycle applications including select metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates to achieve low copper corrosion, good TBN retention, and good sulfur retention applicable to motorcycle engines and transmissions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides fuel additives including quaternary ammonium salt additive(s) and Mannich detergent additive(s) effective to improve engine performance in both port fuel injected and gasoline direct injection engines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydraulic fluid comprising: (a) 40 to 150 ppm by weight in terms of nitrogen content of a corrosion inhibiting agent which is one or more compounds of formula (I): and/or tribologically acceptable salts thereof, wherein in formula (I): each R1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, x is 0 to 4, and R2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (b) 1500 to 4000 ppm by weight of an ashless nitrogen-containing dispersant; and (c) a major amount of a base oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides fuel additives including Mannich-based quaternary ammonium salt additives, fuel compositions including such additives, and Methods of improving performance of fuel injector using such additives.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides fuel additives including Mannich-based quaternary ammonium salt additives, fuel compositions including such additives, and Methods of improving performance of fuel injector using such additives.