Abstract: A method and low cost apparatus to accurately determine the gain, offset, and/or skew calibration values of each A/D converter in a few steps for an interleaving A/D converter. The calibration method includes: applying sine waves to the input as a calibration signal during calibration, A/D converting of the sine wave by a plurality of A/D conversion means in a predetermined order and storing the converted data in a data storage memory, and determining the gain, offset, and/or skew calibration values by using sine curve fitting on a sequence of converted data for each of the plurality of A/D conversion means.

Abstract: A current/charge-voltage converter having an operational amplifier and a first capacitor connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, comprising a first switch which has one end connected to this input terminal, a first signal source that generates control signals for the first switch, a second capacitor connected to the first capacitor, and a second signal source connected to the other terminal of the second capacitor.

Abstract: Systems having clamping structures are provided.

Abstract: A Kalman filter is used to estimate the coefficients of an FIR filter to optimize the noise subtraction in a balanced optical heterodyne receiver and related receiver configurations. The Kalman filter is used both statically and dynamically.

Abstract: A varactor includes a container forming a liquid chamber, a first electrode mounted adjacent the chamber, and a second electrode mounted adjacent the chamber. The chamber may be sized and configured, and a spacing between the electrodes and the chamber may be selected, so that a contact angle of a quantity of liquid metal in the chamber relative to at least one of the electrodes can be changed by applying a bias voltage.

Abstract: A method and system of calibrating first and second adapters comprises the steps of calibrating coaxial ports of a vector network analyzer to traceable standards and connecting a symmetrical through circuit path between the coaxial ports. The through circuit path comprises a cascaded combination of the first and second adapters. The first adapter is passive and substantially identical to the second adapter and uncascaded first and second adapters comprise a measurement device path. The through circuit path and the measurement device path have substantially equivalent S-parameters. S-parameters of the through circuit path are measured and then the first and second adapters are characterized based upon the measured S-parameters. The method and system may be applied to two port adapters and devices under test and may also be scaled for multi-port adapters and devices under test.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a system and method for wideband multiple access telecommunication. In the method, a block is transmitted from a basestation to a terminal. The block comprises a plurality of chip symbols scrambled with a base station specific scrambling code, the plurality of chip symbols comprising a plurality of spread user specific data symbols which are user specific data symbols spread by using user specific spreading codes and at least one pilot symbol. In the terminal, at least two independent signals that comprise at least a channel distorted version of the transmitted block are generated. The two independent signals are combined with a combiner filter with filter coefficients which are determined by using the pilot symbol, thus a combined filtered signal is obtained. The combined filtered signal is despread and descrambled with a composite code of the basestation specific scrambling code and one of the user specific codes.

Abstract: A system for measuring a displacement along a first axis includes an apparatus movable at least along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, a measurement mirror mounted to the apparatus at an angle greater than 0° relative to the first axis, and an interferometer with a beam-splitter. The beam-splitter splits an input beam into a measurement beam and a reference beam, directs the measurement beam in at least two passes to the measurement mirror, and combining the measurement beam after said at least two passes and the reference beam into an output beam. At least exterior to the interferometer, the measurement beam travels in paths that are not parallel to the first axis.

Abstract: A micro-machined nozzle includes a substrate having a hole formed on a first side that extends partially through a thickness dimension of the substrate and a nozzle orifice formed on a second opposite side that communicates with the hole. The nozzle orifice has at least a portion of its interior wall serrated. A method of fabricating a micro-machined nozzle includes the steps of etching a first side of a silicon substrate to form a hole that extends partially through a thickness dimension of the substrate and etching a second opposite side of the silicon substrate to form a serrated nozzle orifice that communicates with the hole.

Abstract: A surface sensing system including at least two sensors located on the end of the same optical fiber. The sensors are configured such that they exhibit resonant frequencies or Q-factors that are distinguishable from each other, where the Q-factor is defined as the resonant frequency divided by the resonance spectrum at full-width half maximum (FWHM). Because the sensors have distinguishable resonant frequencies or Q-factors and are located on the end of the same optical fiber, they can be monitored in parallel with little or no optical interference.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing programmatic queries about molecular and biomolecule information. The methods comprise creating one or more databases of molecular data formatted or conditioned according to a directory service protocol, forming, by a user, a query based on a molecular identifier or other molecular indicia, submitting the query to a name server, performing a lookup in the databases based on the molecular name or identifier, retrieving a query result or results from the databases, and returning the query results to the user.

Abstract: A recognition force microscope for detecting interactions between a probe and a sensed agent on a scanned surface and methods for its operation are provided. The microscope includes a scanning probe having a tip that is sensitive to a property of the scanned surface, and the probe is adapted to oscillate with a low mechanical Q factor. Operation of the microscope includes recording the displacement of the probe tip as a function of time and simultaneously recording both topographic images and the spatial location of interactions between said probe and one or more sensed agents on the surface.

Abstract: Mask compliance of a digital signal from a reference device is determined. Bit error rates for first sampling points for a low mask region are detected. The bit error rates for the first sampling points are averaged to produce an average low mask region error rate. Bit error rates for second sampling points for a high mask region are detected. The bit error rates for the second sampling points are averaged to produce an average high mask region error rate.

Abstract: A system and method for processing mosaiced images utilizes a compression-aware demosaicing process that takes into consideration a subsequent compression process. The compression-aware demosaicing process is performed using a compression-considered demosaicing operator that incorporates a color space conversion operator and a frequency-based transformation operator, which are typically associated with the compression process. Consequently, the overall efficiency of the system and method is significantly increased. Furthermore, the compression-aware demosaicing process produces artifacts that complement the artifacts produced by the subsequent compression process such that the artifacts are less visible in the final color images, which increases the quality of the final color images.

Abstract: A circuit and method for performing track and hold operations utilizes a circuit configuration in which a hold capacitor connected to a track signal path can be selectively isolated from an input signal applied to a control device on a common signal path by a switching mechanism, which is used to switch the circuit between track and hold modes of operation. The switching mechanism operates to connect either the track signal path or a hold signal path to the common signal path. When the track signal path is connected to the common signal path, electrical charge is allowed to be stored in the hold capacitor. When the hold signal path is connected to the common signal path, the hold capacitor is electrically isolated to hold the stored electrical charge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing improved electromagnetic compatibility between a power source (20) and a switching element (22) in a switched mode power supply includes a device (24) for measuring an electrical variable, for example current, that fluctuates as the switching element (22) switches power received from the power source (20). A signal injector (28) is arranged to generate an electrical signal, for example current, of substantially the same amplitude, but opposite polarity, as the measured current, and to inject it between the power source (20) and the switching element (22) so as to tend to minimize fluctuations in the electrical variable.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for cleaning and priming a droplet dispensing device having a plurality of nozzles aligned in at least one row. A dispensing surface of the dispensing device comprising the nozzles is sealingly engaged to form a chamber adjacent the dispensing surface. A wash fluid is introduced into the chamber and removed from the chamber. A priming vacuum is applied individually, and preferably, simultaneously, to at least a portion of the plurality of the nozzles. Optionally, a wash fluid is subsequently introduced into the chamber and removed from the chamber to rinse the dispensing surface.

Abstract: A housing for a device has first and second segments with opposed adjacent surfaces fixedly connected to each other. The first segment fixedly carries a semiconductor optical source for emitting a linearly polarized optical beam in the general direction of the longitudinal axis of the housing. The second segment fixedly carries an optical fiber element having an end face positioned along the longitudinal axis to intercept the optical beam and a linear optical polarizer. The first and second segments are fixedly positioned relative to each other along the longitudinal axis and in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis so the optical beam, as incident on the end face, has a predetermined geometry and position. The second segment is fixedly positioned about the longitudinal axis so the optical beam, as incident on the end face, is in a predetermined power range.

Abstract: A plasma having a certain density is generated between a test electrode and an electrode on a display substrate comprising a TFT array which is a circuit under test, and a test signal is transmitted between the electrode and the test electrode via the plasma. With this technique, a probe means and a testing apparatus enabling measurement of the electrical characteristics of the TFT array formed on the display substrate in a non-contact manner can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved cooling of an electronic component loaded to a Printed Circuit Board, wherein the PCB comprises at its upper side at least one electronic component, and at least one Heat Conducting Member inserted into a through-hole of the PCB, wherein the HCM extends from the upper side to the lower side of the PCB and has a thermal contact to the component.