Abstract: The present invention is a piezoelectrically actuated relay that latches. The relay operates by means of the longitudinal displacement of a piezoelectric element in extension mode. The piezoelectric element displaces a liquid metal drop and causing it to wet between at least one set of contact pads and at least one other set of contact pads. Positioning of the liquid metal causes the optical path to be blocked. The same motion that causes the liquid metal drop to change position can cause the optical path to be unblocked between the fixed pad and a contact pad on the piezoelectric element or substrate close to it. The motion of the piezoelectric element is rapid and causes the imparted momentum of the liquid metal drop to overcome the surface tension forces that would hold the bulk of the liquid metal drop in contact with the contact pad or pads near the actuating piezoelectric element. The switch latches by means of surface tension and the liquid metal wetting to the contact pads.

Abstract: Channel and test plans are implemented in connection with a plurality of nodes that communicate signals. The channel plan enables a monitoring system to, among other things, conduct automatic periodic test plans, comprising tests, on the nodes, based upon the predefined data specified in the channel plan. The monitoring system includes a controller controlling a spectrum analyzer and a node interface switch. Notably, the controller also enables user friendly plan set-up and warning interface logic implementation. The warning interface logic generates a channel percent advisory indicator on the display device within a channel level interface component upon an occurrence of an advisory event in a channel associated therewith and generates a channel critical alarm indicator on the display device within a channel level interface component upon an occurrence of a critical event in a channel associated therewith.

Abstract: Nucleic acid arrays that have background features, and methods for using the same, are provided. The subject nucleic acid arrays include both hybridization features and background features, where the background features provide a background signal in a hybridization assay that is made up of a feature substrate component, a nucleic acid probe component and a nucleic acid probe non-specific binding component. In practicing the subject methods, the arrays are contacted with a sample and signals are observed for both hybridization features and background features. The background feature signal is then subtracted from the hybridization feature signal to obtain a background corrected hybridization feature signal that is employed as the output of the assay, e.g., to determine the presence, either qualitatively or quantitatively, of the analyte target nucleic acid in the sample. Also provided are kits for use in practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for use with a mass spectrometer. The ion enhancement system of the present invention is used to direct a heated gas toward ions produced by a matrix based ion source and detected by a detector. The ion enhancement system is interposed between the ion source and the detector. The analyte ions that contact the heated gas are enhanced and an increased number of ions are more easily detected by a detector. The method of the invention comprises producing analyte ions from a matrix based ion source, enhancing the analyte ions with an ion enhancement system and detecting the enhanced analyte ions with a detector.

Abstract: A semiconductor-device characteristic measurement apparatus includes first measuring means for measuring a first electrical characteristic of a device under test, second measuring means, switching means for switching between the first measuring means and the second measuring means such that one of the measuring means is connected to the device under test, and controlling means for controlling the switching means. The switching means includes switches that switch between a first wiring configuration for electrically connecting the first measuring means to the device under test and a second wiring configuration for electrically connecting the second measuring means to the device under test. The switching means is electrically connected to the device under test at a position closer to the device under test than the first measuring means and the second measuring means.

Abstract: An apparatus for electronically controlling a quadrupole in a mass spectrometer, comprises radio frequency (RF) drive circuitry and direct current (DC) drive circuitry coupled to a quadrupole, an RF control loop associated with the RF drive circuitry, a DC control loop associated with the DC drive circuitry, and control loop circuitry associated with the DC control loop, the control loop circuitry configured to alter a response of the DC control loop during a settling time period of a step response such that ion transmission through the quadrupole is greater during the settling time than if the response of the DC control loop during the settling time is unaltered.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for synthesizing a plurality of compounds on the surface of supports. The synthesis comprises a series of cycles of steps in which reagents for conducting the synthesis are deposited on the surface of the support to form the chemical compounds. At least one physical parameter of the deposition varies between cycles The method comprises conducting the synthesis in at least two sets of cycles, arbitrarily designated as a first set and a second set. Each cycle comprises at least one step of depositing reagents on a surface by means of droplet dispensing elements that traverse the surface of the support. At least one, and desirably all, of the following deposition parameters are employed as indicated: The number of times of repetition for a step of depositing reagents in at least one cycle of the second set is less than the number of times of repetition for a corresponding step in at least one cycle of the first set.

Abstract: A tracking stage has an optical filter with a free spectral range greater than the maximum mode hop of a tunable laser. The free spectral range is sufficient to determine the wavelength of the laser output after the mode hop. The output is dithered or a quadrature signal is used to determine whether the mode hop is forwards or backwards. In a further embodiment, a second tracking stage with a shorter free spectral range is coupled to the tunable laser to provide enhanced wavelength resolution. Alternatively, the second tracking stage is omitted and the signal of the tracking stage is amplified to enhance wavelength resolution.

Abstract: A variable control displayed through a graphical user interface and linked to a control element. The variable control has graphical representations of readily identifiable and easy to use controls. These controls include at least one text box to display a value. The displayed value can be set by default, or to show the current state of the control element. The variable control also includes at least one range box for assigning a range unit that corresponds to the text box. The variable control also includes a slider control that is linked to the text box and is used to make coarse adjustments to the value displayed in the text box. A spinner is also linked to the text box and is used to make fine adjustments to the displayed value. In a preferred embodiment, the user can select a digit or several digits within the displayed value and adjust only the user-selected digit or digits.

Abstract: A method for improving polarization extinction ratio includes changing a polarization state of a light beam, wherein the light beam thereafter includes spatially non-uniform polarization states, and spatially filtering the light beam to filter out the spatially non-uniform polarization states. Spatial filtering involves filtering a wavefront of the light beam by passing the light beam through a polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, or filtering an amplitude of the light beam by passing the light beam through an aperture.

Abstract: Apparatus for handling test number collisions comprises program code stored on computer readable media. The code, in response to a collision between first and second test numbers, automatically adjusts the second test number in response to a collision tracking value associated with the first test number, thereby eliminating the collision. Also in response to the collision, the code updates the collision tracking value. Other methods and apparatus for handling test number collisions are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making a nanopore chip exhibiting low capacitance. The apparatus provides a thin diaphragm on a rigid semiconductor frame suitable for nanopore fabrication, the diaphragm having associated thicker insulator regions to reduce capacitance. Also disclosed is a method of making the apparatus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for modeling and processing an asynchronous functional specification to provide an input to an architecture synthesis engine. The method includes the step of generating an initial task graph from the specification, the task graph having a number of executable tasks. Selected data and control connections are established between respective tasks in accordance with a specified set of rules to define some of the tasks to be deterministic, and other of the tasks to be non-deterministic. Each of the control connections is then marked, to provide an annotated task graph for use as an input to the architecture synthesis engine, the annotated task graph enabling the engine to employ specified scheduling techniques.

Abstract: Retransmission of packets in a TCP network is measured by monitoring packets traversing bearer links between nodes and examining the sequence number within its connection of each packet. For each TCP connection being monitored a next expected sequence number (NESN) value is maintained and compared with the actual sequence number of a packet in that connection. If the sequence number is less than the NESN, a retransmission count is incremented by the size of the retransmitted TCP payload; if it is greater than the NESN, a loss counter is incremented by the size of the lost TCP payload. The resulting counts of the lost and retransmitted TCP payload, of the lost and retransmitted packets, enable accurate measurements to be made even at a point remote from the sending node. Comparison of counts from spaced points in a network can enable the location of a fault to be determined at least approximately.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of controlling an optical signal includes superimposing at least one optical reference signal and the optical signal to obtain at least one interference signal having an actual beat frequency, and pre-selecting one or more of the at least one interference signals using a predetermined bandwidth and a filter characteristic that is asymmetric with respect to an actual frequency of the optical signal, to determine a position of the optical signal relative to the at least one optical reference signal.

Abstract: An alignment self check of a wavelength meter is performed. A reference signal is placed into a reference signal path of the wavelength meter. The reference signal is also placed into an unknown signal path of the wavelength meter. It is then detected whether after traveling through the unknown signal path, the reference signal has a same period as after traveling through the reference signal path.

Abstract: The present invention is a method an apparatus for diagnosing short defects on inaccessible or non-contacted nodes of an integrated circuit device using capacitive coupling techniques. In accordance with the invention, an alternating current (AC) signal generator is connected to apply an alternating current (AC) signal to an accessible node of an IC device under test. Preferably, all remaining accessible nodes of the IC device under test are grounded. A sensor plate of a capacitive sensing probe is placed in signal coupling proximity to the inaccessible node of interest on the integrated circuit device. If a signal is present on the inaccessible node of interest, it is capacitively coupled to the sensor plate of the probe. A measurement device obtains a measurement representative of an amount of current flow capacitively coupled to the sensor plate by the capacitive sensing probe.

Abstract: Request and response messages conforming to a protocol such as Media Gateway Control Protocol between media gateways and a media gateway controller are examined to enable them to be correlated. The correlated messages are assembled to produce a call detail record describing a voice or data call established over an IP network via the media gateways under the control of the media gateway controller.

Abstract: An ionization chamber for a mass spectrometry system is described. The ionization chamber comprises a housing defining an ionization region, and the housing comprises a carbon nanotube material.

Abstract: An isolation device includes an upper portion, a lower portion, and an isolation area. At least one of the upper and lower portions is constructed with a flexible shielding material. The isolation device may also include a conduit having one opening in the isolation area and another opening outside the isolation area.