Abstract: A process for discovering a path from a source node to a destination node through a network by using “collisions” of randomly-propagating “feeler” packets originating from both the source node and the destination node. A discovered path is reported to the source node by the collision-detecting node where it may be stored and updated responsively to reports of new feeler packet collisions. Paths discovered and reported may be analyzed at either the collision-detecting node or the originating node to remove loops. The random collision-detecting path-discovery procedure reduces the operational traffic overhead associated with other exponentially-proliferating discovery methods. The feeler packets are propagated randomly through the network topology, thereby imposing relatively uniform path-discovery traffic effects in the network. Path discoveries arising from feeler-packet collisions always reflect current network topology and traffic conditions.

Abstract: An embodiment of the acoustically-coupled transformer has first and second stacked bulk acoustic resonators (SBARs) each having a stacked pair of film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) with an acoustic decoupler between the FBARs. Each FBAR has opposed planar electrodes with piezoelectric material between the electrodes. A first electrical circuit connects one FBARs of the first SBAR to one FBAR of the second SBAR, and a second electrical circuit connects the other FBAR of the first SBAR to the other FBAR of the second SBAR. The c-axis of the piezoelectric material of one of the FBARs is opposite in direction to the c-axes of the piezoelectric materials of the other three FBARs. This arrangement substantially reduces the amplitude of signal-frequency voltages across the acoustic decouplers and significantly improves the common mode rejection of the transformer. This arrangement also allows conductive acoustic decouplers to be used, increasing the available choice of acoustic decoupler materials.

Abstract: A cooling device primarily for cooling, e.g., integrated circuits or other electronic devices during operation may include a heat sink portion having a plurality of cooling vanes and a heat pipe chamber. Both the cooling vanes and the heat pipe chamber may be integrally formed within the heat sink portion. Because the heat pipe chamber is integrally formed with the cooling vanes, no joints exist between the condensing surface of the heat pipe chamber and the cooling vanes. This, in turn, allows extremely rapid and efficient heat transfer between the heat pipe chamber and the cooling vanes. The cooling device may include extensions of the main heat pipe chamber which project into each of the cooling vanes. In this manner, the condensing surface of the heat pipe chamber is actually moved into the vanes at a position very close to the surface of the vanes where heat transfer into the atmosphere occurs.

Abstract: A multiple gain state amplifier that provides advantageous port matching, noise characteristics, and current savings while not imposing a phase shift in the amplifier transfer function between gain states. A multiple gain state amplifier according to the present teachings includes amplifier circuit configured for a first gain state using a first transistor and configured for a second gain state using a second transistor and a circuit for changing the amplifier circuit between the first gain state and the second gain state by selectively applying a bias to the first transistor and a bias to the second transistor.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media for imposing monotonic consistency among results of multiple platforms measuring the same specific property for the same/equivalent series of samples, to provide viable comparisons of sensitivity and precision among the platforms as well as provide useful conversion formulas among the platforms to ensure equivalent quantitation.

Abstract: Integrated circuits (ICs) are provided. A representative IC includes a first pad electrically communicating with at least a portion of the IC. The first pad includes a first driver and a first receiver, with the first driver being configured to provide a first pad output signal to a component external to the IC, and the first receiver being configured to receive a first pad input signal from a component external to the IC. The first receiver also is configured to provide, to a component internal to the IC, a first receiver digital output signal in response to the first pad input signal. A first test circuit also is provided that is internal to the IC. The first test circuit is adapted to provide information corresponding to the driver tristate leakage current of the first pad. Methods, computer-readable media, systems and other ICs also are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented for measuring jitter tolerance in a device under test. A device under test is established to operate at a specific frequency. A bit pattern is generated from a bit pattern generator. The bit pattern generated by the bit pattern generator is produced at a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency that the device under test is operating under. Bits are systematically changed in the bit pattern and then errors are measured in the device under test. As a result, the jitter tolerance of the device under test is measured.

Abstract: A method and system for providing variable edge control of pulse waveforms is provided. A positive edge DAC number is set so that the positive edge time of a first pulse waveform of some amplitude is substantially equal to some initial edge time. Similarly, a second positive edge DAC number associated with a second pulse waveform of different amplitude is set so that the positive edge time of the second pulse waveform also equals the initial edge time. Positive gain and offset factors are then generated so that a third positive edge DAC number associated with any pulse waveform may be calculated so that a desired positive edge time of that waveform is produced. Negative edge DAC numbers may be calculated in a similar manner so that the positive and negative edge times of a pulse waveform may be balanced, or more efficient methods may be used.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) with high electron mobility transistors, such as enhancement mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (E-pHEMTs) and method for fabricating the IC utilizes an increased gate-to-drain etch recess spacing in some of the high electron mobility transistors to provide on-chip electrostatic discharge protection. The use of the increased gate-to-drain etch recess spacing allows smaller high electron mobility transistors to be used for ancillary low speed applications on the IC, which reduces the chip area occupied by these ancillary transistors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for obtaining, from an analog subscriber loop, test data that may be used to test the performance of a telephony communication system. The apparatus includes a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, a first port, a second port, and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The D/A converter receives digital data and converts the digital data into a first analog signal. The first port transmits the first analog signal across a first subscriber loop to a telephony communication network. The network, via A/D and D/A conversion, translates the first analog signal to a second analog signal and transmits the second analog signal to the second port via a second subscriber loop. The A/D converter receives the second analog signal from the second port and converts the second analog signal into the digital test data, which is then used to analyze the performance of the telephony communication system.

Abstract: A pinion gear type rotating device, in particular, is used in electromagnetic interference characterization of a fiber optics transceiver, by which a member, such as a fiber optics transceiver can be held and rotated by at least 360 degrees about x, y and z axes.

Abstract: An image having higher resolution and/or better color is generated from multiple images of a subject taken by a handheld imaging device. The motion of the device, even when a user holds the device steady, gives the images perspectives that differ by an amount ranging from a fraction of a pixel to a few pixels. The differences in perspective provide different information about the subject that can be combined to create a better image. In particular, an image shifted by a non-integer number of pixels relative to another image provides information about portions of the subject that are between the pixels of the other image and usable for increasing resolution. Images shifted relative to each other by an integer number of pixels have aligned pixels that may provide different color information for the same portion of the subject when the aligned pixels correspond sensor elements having different color filters.

Abstract: A laser source includes a laser medium having a back facet and a front surface, whereby the laser medium is adapted to emit a laser beam through the front surface into an external cavity defined in length by a cavity end mirror reflecting the laser beam back towards the laser medium. A wavelength tunable filter is arranged between the laser medium and the cavity end mirror adapted for tuning the wavelength of the laser beam. The laser medium, the wavelength tunable filter, and the cavity end mirror are arranged in a spatially linear cavity structure substantially in a line without angular redirection of the laser beam in the cavity between the laser medium and the cavity end mirror. At least one portion of the laser beam within the cavity after passing the wavelength tunable filter and before again passing the laser medium is coupled out as an output beam of the laser source, and the cavity end mirror is provided to be partly transparent for coupling out a first output beam.

Abstract: A self-aligning, signal isolating blindmate connector is presented. The blindmate connector may include a male blindmate connector adapted for receiving a female connector; a female connector and a shroud covering a junction between a mated male blindmate connector and a female connector.

Abstract: A calibration system and method determines magnitudes of traveling-waves at a non-coaxial plane of a scattering (S) parameter measurement device that includes an adapter link between the non-coaxial plane and a coaxial plane. A calibration is conducted at an interface between the adapter link and the coaxial plane to derive coaxial error terms for the S-parameter measurement device. In addition, a power meter measurement is conducted at the coaxial plane to obtain power wave measurements using the coaxial error terms. A calibration is also conducted at an interface between the adapter link and the non-coaxial plane to derive non-coaxial error terms for the S-parameter measurement device. The power wave measurements, coaxial error terms and non-coaxial error terms are used to calculate the magnitude of one of the traveling-waves at the non-coaxial plane.

Abstract: The present invention is a ferrule for gas chromatography fittings comprising a body having a first end, a second end, and an internal bore extending length of the body; a tip integral with the body and protruding from the first end is disclosed. The tip has a flat surface through which the internal bore extends and wherein the flat surface of the tip is of smaller area than the first end and is perpendicular to the body. In one embodiment the body of the ferrule is formed from Zirconia ceramic. A connector assembly for creating a gas seal between chromatographic tubing is also disclosed.

Abstract: The optical receiver comprises an optical input path, a light detector array, an optical converging element and an information signal generator. The light detector array includes light detectors and a light-sensitive surface. Each light detector generates an electrical signal in response to light. The optical converging element is located to focus an optical input signal received via the optical input path to form a spot on the light-sensitive surface of the light detector array. The spot has an area less than the area of the light-sensitive surface but greater than the area of one of the light detectors. The information signal generator generates an electrical information signal from at least one of the electrical signals. In an embodiment, the information signal generator includes a summer that sums the electrical signals generated by the light detectors to generate the electrical information signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods of passivating planar index-guided oxide vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are described. These systems and methods address the unique susceptibility of these devices to damage that otherwise might be caused by moisture intrusion into the etch holes that are used to form the index-guiding confinement regions. In one aspect, a VCSEL includes a vertical stack structure having a substantially planar top surface. The vertical stack structure includes a top mirror, a bottom mirror, and a cavity region disposed between the top mirror and the bottom mirror and including an active light generation region. At least one of the top mirror and the bottom mirror has a layer with a peripheral region that is oxidized into an electrical insulator as a result of exposure to an oxidizing agent. The vertical stack structure defines two or more etched holes each extending from the substantially planar top surface to the oxidized peripheral region.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, a method for determining near-end cross-talk effects is provided. A periodic test signal having a frequency increasing in predetermined steps is input into a conductor of a transmission cable. A raw cross-talk signal is received from another conductor of the transmission cable and the received cross-talk signal is processed in the frequency domain to determine a combination of near-end cross-talk components of the received cross-talk signal. The combination of near-end cross-talk components represents the characteristic of the near-end cross-talk effects.

Abstract: A system with a set of modules having synchronized timing. The synchronized timing of the modules enables precise coordination of measurements and stimuli for an arbitrary number of modules. The modules communicate and maintain time synchronization using a communication mechanism that may be adapted to localized positioning of modules and/or widely dispersed positioning of modules with no change to the underlying functionality in the modules.