Abstract: An imaging device such as a CMOS image sensor has a cover attached to a standoff surrounding a micro-lens array. Standard wafer processing fabricates the standoff (e.g., out of photoresist) and attaches the cover. The standoff maintains a gap over the micro-lenses. An adhesive attaches the cover to the standoff and can be kept away from the micro-lenses by a barrier having a structure similar to the standoff. Particles in the adhesive can prevent the adhesive from squeezing out from between the cover and the standoff during attachment. The standoff (and barrier if present) can provide a vent to prevent pressure in the gap from causing distortion or damage. The shape of the vent can prevent particles from entering the gap. Cutting the attached cover exposes electrical connections and can use preformed grooves in the cover to allow cutting of the cover without damaging underlying circuit elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer for an electronic device having a display screen includes a light source for illuminating an imaging surface, thereby generating reflected images. The apparatus includes a motion transducer. A lens receives the reflected images and directs the reflected images onto the motion transducer. The motion transducer includes an electronic shutter for controlling the amount of time that light is collected for image frames. The motion transducer is configured to generate digital representations of the reflected images. The motion transducer is configured to generate movement data based on the digital representations of the reflected images. The movement data is indicative of relative motion between the imaging surface and the motion transducer. A controller coupled to the light source turns the light source on only during the time that light is being collected for an image frame.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for tuning a laser includes creating a laser with a path between a cavity end element and a tuning element of an external cavity, both being a high reflective or semitransparent mirror, selecting at least one longitudinal mode of the laser by introducing a dispersion element in the path of the laser, rotating the tuning element about a pivot axis theoretically defined by the intersection of the surface planes of the cavity end element, the dispersion element and the tuning element to tune the laser. The method and apparatus also include provisions for moving the dispersion element along such a predetermined path to at least partly compensate a shift between the real position of the pivot axis and the theoretically defined position.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing digital and analog signals from an integrated circuit includes an adder or subtractor 17 for being supplied with an analog signal outputted from the integrated circuit of a device under test and a signal outputted from a driver 11, an integrator 14 for being supplied with an analog signal outputted from the adder or subtractor 17, a switch 22 for selectively transmitting an analog signal outputted from the integrator 14 and a digital signal outputted from the integrated circuit to the comparator 13, and a switch 24 for selectively transmitting a signal outputted from a memory 20 and a signal outputted from a comparator 13 to the driver 11. At least one of the switches 22, 24 is operated depending on whether a signal to be tested is analog or digital.

Abstract: Array units and methods are provided which have constructions to reduce or take advantage of Fresnel reflection. The array units may have a subtantially unreflective substrate. In one arrangement a transparent spacer layer is provided while in another an anti-reflective layer is present.

Abstract: A sub-chassis bracket attached to a horizontal motherboard has holes: (a) through which the connectors pass and that space the connectors apart by an intended nominal amount; and (b) that allow the connectors to shift horizontally as needed to form the mechanical path from a particular spacing on the motherboard to a front panel, with its own actual particular spacing, and to which panel the connectors are each fastened with a nut. The nuts are have a symmetrically tapered or curved surface on the side that contacts the outside of the panel, whose holes therethrough are somewhat oversize. The nuts individually center the connectors in their respective panel holes, and draw each connector perpendicular to the panel. To provide a particular connector feature orientation, and to prevent the connectors from rotating and disturbing that orientation during the tightening of the nuts, each connector has a central region of increased diameter that has two flats and that forms a shoulder.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier has a gain control circuit. The gain control circuit includes a first control input and a second control input. The first control input receives a first control signal. The gain control circuit varies gain of the variable gain amplifier based on a value of the first control signal. The second control input receives a second control signal. The gain control circuit varies gain slope of the variable gain amplifier based on a value of the second control signal.

Abstract: A single-piece flexure and flexure apparatus according to an embodiment allows movement along two perpendicular axes. The flexure is made from a single continuous material having a first and second flexure sections, with the second flexure section allowing translational movement in a direction perpendicular to that allowed by the first flexure section. Two-dimensional flexure assemblies may then be manufactured using these flexures. The flexure apparatus is made from a single contiguous material fashioned to provide a base section and a plurality of legs extending perpendicularly from the base section, with each leg having a first and second flexure sections, with the second flexure section allowing translational movement in a direction perpendicular to that allowed by the first flexure section.

Abstract: A method and system for non-blocking processing of data frames and link-control frames within an interface controller component of a fiber channel node. Separate FIFO queues are provided for queuing incoming FC data frames and ACK frames and a separate FIFO queue and list are provided for queuing outgoing FC data frames and buffering outgoing ACK frames. An outbound sequence manager component of the interface controller directly processes incoming ACK frames, transforming them into end-to-end credits that allow the outbound sequence manager to transmit additional FC data frames to the remote node that sent the processed ACK frame. Thus, processing of ACK frames, unlike in prior art interface controller implementations, is neither delayed nor blocked by previously received, but as yet unprocessed, FC data frames.

Abstract: A driver circuit for an opto-electrical transmitter includes a digital feedback loop. A counter in the feedback loop maintains a count that controls a bias current output to the opto-electrical transmitter. A first fault activation circuit in the driver activates a fault signal that disables the driver when the count causes an overflow or underflow. The overflow/underflow can correspond to the input range of an ADC that converts the count into an analog signal to an output amplifier or to the range of the counter. A second fault activation signal times the duration of any periods during which a digital parameter of the driver is outside a target range. The digital parameter can be e a measured monitor current or the count that controls the output amplifier.

Abstract: A pin-in-capillary apparatus for depositing droplets of fluid onto a surface is described. The apparatus has an off-axis channel for supplying fluid to the capillary. In the capillary the fluid wets the tip of the pin and is delivered to the surface when the pin is extended from the capillary. The capillaries and pins are flexible, allowing spatial reformatting for fluid delivery. Methods of delivering fluid to a surface are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for forming a reaction chamber having relatively small volumes. An apparatus comprises two elements and a mechanism for introducing a gas to form a movable aerodynamic seal between the elements. In this manner a chamber having a controllable interior environment is formed. One of the elements may have at least a portion of a device for dispensing reagents sealingly affixed therein. The other element may be adapted for introduction of a support into the interior of the chamber formed by the top and the bottom element. The apparatus may be used in methods for synthesizing biopolymers on a support.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for determining the bandwidth or transmission rate of a desired type of cell in a cell stream occurring over a digital communications network connection during a time interval between occurrences of a first and second predetermined event. The transmission rate of the desired cell, such as an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Available Bit Rate (ABR) user cell may be measured only when certain conditions exist, eliminating unnecessary calculations from being performed. Furthermore, the cell bandwidth may be determined immediately upon occurrence of the predetermined events, providing real-time feedback and analysis to test and measurement and/or network nodes.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating non-linearity of the high-velocity type manifested in heterodyne interferometer position data includes receiving a plurality of groups of digital position values. A plurality of groups of digital phase values from a measurement channel are received. A first group of the digital position values and digital phase values are digitally processed to generate a plurality of block data values. The plurality of block data values are digitally processed to generate at least one quasi-static non-linearity parameter. A second group of the digital position values are compensated based on the at least one quasi-static non-linearity parameter.

Abstract: Optical modulators are provided. A representative optical modulator includes an optical medium that is adapted to propagate optical signals. An array of lattice sites are arranged in the optical medium, with at least some of the lattice sites exhibiting lower refractive indexes than the refractive index of the optical medium. Preferably, a first of the lattice sites incorporates a first optical component that is moveable relative to the optical medium. By moving the first optical component relative to the optical medium, a propagation characteristic of the optical medium can be altered. Optical systems, methods and other optical modulators also are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device comprising an emitting source and a partly-reflective element which is adapted for receiving an emitted light beam. This element is tilted in a small angle with respect to the emitted light beam. A portion of the emitted light beam is reflected by the partly-reflective element towards a transmittive element which is arranged in close proximity to the emitting source and adapted to receive and transmit the reflect portion. The transmittive element is arranged for at least partly fixing or positioning an optical fiber, which is emitting the input light beam, and provided for transmitting the laterally offset reflected portion of the input light beam away from the input fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for characterizing board test coverage. In one method, potentially defective properties are enumerated for a board, without regard for how the potentially defective properties might be tested. For each potentially defective property enumerated, a property score is generated. Each property score is indicative of whether a test suite tests for a potentially defective property. Property scores are then combined in accordance with a weighting structure to characterize board test coverage for the test suite.

Abstract: A method for making photonic crystal structures using amorphous silicon that is temperature compatible with a wide variety of substrates. Both hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated amorphous silicon may be used.

Abstract: An optical frequency discriminator includes an interferometer cascaded with an absorption cell that provide a composite signal. A receiver samples a composite signal and maps to the sample positions of the acquired samples, corresponding optical frequencies of an applied optical signal.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for position-locking a cursor on a display device are provided. A preferred input device includes a position-locking device configured to electrically communicate with a computer. The position-locking device incorporates a lock-enable switch which, when activated, locks a position of the cursor on the display device of the computer while enabling functional information, provided by the mouse-type input device of the computer, to provide selected functionality of the cursor. Additionally, when disabled, the position-locking device unlocks the position of the cursor so that the cursor is movable about the display area in response to the movement information provided by the mouse-type device.