Abstract: A tube fitting provides a sealed flow connection between an open-ended duct that extends along the longitudinal axis of a tube and an open-ended duct of a base element, for liquid separation technology. The tube fitting has a ring-shaped thrust piece with a receptacle for the tube and a ring-shaped, spring-elastic compensating element with receptacle for the tube. The tube fitting further comprises a fastening element that can be fastened tightly to the base element. When sealed, the base element, the thrust piece, the compensating element and the tube can be braced by means of the fastening element under elastic deformation of the compensating element. A spring serves as a compensating element, wherein the spring and the connection parts arranged within the spring excursion range are coordinated to each other such that a leaky connection caused by elastic deformaton or material settling of parts braced together is excluded.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the emission wavelength of a laser includes a semiconductor slice or slab having first and second opposed surfaces. The semiconductor slice is exposed to the radiation at an angle such that a portion of said radiation impinges onto the first surface at angles in the vicinity of the Brewster angle for the first surface. The radiation is thus refracted into the semiconductor slice and caused to propagate towards the second surface of the semiconductor slice. A wavelength selective filter is arranged at said second surface having associated a photodetector to generate a signal indicative of the wavelength of the radiation.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop oscillator with loop gain compensation. The phase-locked loop oscillator includes a phase comparator, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, a control device, and a variable-gain amplifier disposed between the phase comparator and the loop filter. The oscillator detects the output signal voltage of the loop filter and controls the amplification rate of the variable-gain amplifier so that the loop gain is compensated and held constant, without sacrificing continuity.

Abstract: A known configuration for detecting changes in wavelength of light from a laser device comprises a beam splitter for directing incident light thereupon towards a first photodiode via an optical filter and a second photodiode spaced relatively far apart from the first photodiode, thereby increasing an overall package size for the laser device in combination with a wavelength locker. The present invention overcomes this problem by disposing the first photodiode (114) adjacent the second photodiode (116) and employing an optical diffractive element (108) to direct, along distinct optical paths, light towards each of the first photodiode (114) and the second photodiode (116).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for conducting procedures of tandem mass spectrometry using a single quadrupole mass analyzer. In one embodiment of the present invention a mass spectrometry apparatus comprises a single quadrupole mass analyzer having a first end opposite a second end. A source of charged particles is adjacent the first end of the quadrupole mass analyzer and a gate for controlling passage of charged particles is present between the source of charged particles and the first end. The apparatus further comprises a first element between the gate and the first end, a second element adjacent the second end, and a detector for detecting charged particles, or fragments thereof, exiting the quadrupole mass analyzer. In a method in accordance with the invention, charged particles from a source thereof are directed into the quadrupole mass analyzer to select charged particles by their mass to charge ratio.

Abstract: An optomechanical mounting includes an upper spring assembly and a lower spring assembly that support and secure a sphere containing an optical element. The materials in the mounting have the same or nearly the same CTEs and spring assemblies provide opposing radial forces so that thermal expansions are compensated, giving the mounting superior thermal stability. Frictional forces on the sphere from the upper and lower spring assemblies maintain the orientation of the sphere (and the optical element) during operation, but smooth surfaces of the sphere and springs still permit sensitive, precision rotation of sphere for alignment without post-alignment clamping of the sphere. The spring assemblies can be ring-shaped to permit an opening through the spring assembly to the sphere for light paths or for tools that adjust the alignment of the sphere.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for measuring circuit parameters by analyzing an electric circuit. An equivalent circuit thereof is entered which comprises elements having element values thereof, and a break point and a virtual ground are specified in the equivalent circuit where the break point is provided for disconnecting an electric path for forming a closed-loop circuit. Then, a 2-port network is generated by disconnecting the electric path at the break point in the entered equivalent circuit to form first and second terminals that are ends of the electric path, where the 2-port network has a first port comprised of the first terminal and the virtual ground, and has a second port comprised of the second terminal and the virtual ground. Furthermore, S-parameters of the generated 2-port network is calculated, and an open-loop transfer function of the electric circuit is calculated according to the calculated S-parameters.

Abstract: Digital data transmission using three logic states on a differential pair of signal lines. The three states are: a first line a threshold higher than a second line, the second line a threshold higher than the first line, and when both lines are approximately equal. The presence of three states allows the receiving circuit to recognize the beginning and end of a valid data bit. A receiving circuit using two comparators to generate strobes for latching the data is also disclosed. The strobes also clock a counter whose output is fed to a decoder. The output of the decoder is used to select one of N latches that are used to latch the incoming data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating the timing of electronic circuit testers and verifying the timing calibration of electronic circuit testers are described. In some embodiments, a calibration reference signal is transmitted from the test head directly through the load board interface, rather than through external instruments, so that timing errors associated with external wires and cables may be avoided. The timing calibration and timing calibration verification functionality is provided on a single calibration board, thereby reducing the calibration set-up time relative to conventional robot-based calibrators. In addition, a high pin count electronic circuit testers may be calibrated by a calibration board that is configured to calibrate one subset of the test channels at a time.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for enabling a user to specify one or more trigger conditions by graphically creating a pictorial representation of the trigger conditions. The pictorial representation is presented on a display window of a graphical user interface of a logic analyzer and is accomplished using trigger-condition icons. Each icon represents a trigger condition of a signal or bus. The user specifies the trigger conditions by positioning the trigger-condition icons on the display window. The user does this by selecting, dragging, and dropping the trigger-condition icons onto the display window. The display window may include one or more name elements, each associated with a signal or a bus. The user may specify the trigger condition of a first signal or bus by selecting a trigger-condition icon and positioning it at a first position on the display window in horizontal alignment with the name element of the first signal or bus.

Abstract: An optical routing system and/or switching system having high efficiency switched gratings to the system. This system also includes a unique passive noise suppression device that can be used in multiple channel optical systems to increase channel isolation and reduce crosstalk.

Abstract: A printing device includes a navigation unit for monitoring a cooperative navigation surface and provides data to a navigation engine for processing and generation of a positional signal representative of the position of a moving printer head.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus including two or more samplers, where a signal is sampled simultaneously by each sampler and the values sampled by one of the samplers is then used. In this way, sampling operations for the purpose of ranging are eliminated, and the time required for ranging can be shortened. Moreover, the possibility that the instantaneous values of the signal input to the sampler will exceed the input range of the sampler can be inferred in each sampler by establishing a suitable threshold value for its sample values.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system extend the dynamic range measurements performed on a device under test. The apparatus and method compensate for the non-ideal characteristics of the measurement system elements. Further, the apparatus, method and system facilitate low-level distortion measurements and improve the accuracy of such measurements using a novel cancellation signal approach. The dynamic range extension apparatus has an input port for accepting an input test signal from a signal source and an output port for delivering an output signal to a measurement processor. The apparatus comprises a signal splitter at its input, a cancellation pathway, a test pathway and a signal combiner at its output. The system comprises a signal source that provides an input signal to the input of the apparatus and a measurement processor at the output of the apparatus. In the dynamic range extension apparatus, method and system, a signal from the input signal source is split by the signal splitter into two signals.

Abstract: Non-linearities of signal-generation circuits that typically include a series arrangement of a modulator and a power amplifier are reduced by connecting a measurement circuit to an output of the signal-generation circuit and at another point along a signal path of the signal-generation circuit. A predistorted input signal is applied to an input of the signal-generation circuit. The pre-distorted signal includes a constant component and a time-varying component, such that the predistorted input signal excites non-linear modes of the signal-generation circuit. The measurement circuit is balanced so that a portion of the predistorted input signal that passes through the measurement circuit does not include a time-varying component and therefore does not excite non-linearities of the measurement circuit. Adjustments are made to the predistorted input signal in order to reduce non-linearities of the signal-generation circuit.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a resonator, and in particular, a thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), and a resonator embodying the method are disclosed. A resonator is fabricated on a substrate, and its top electrode 56 is oxidized to form a oxide layer 58. For a substrate having multiple resonators, the top electrode 56 of only selected resonator is oxidized to provide resonators having different resonance frequencies on the same substrate.

Abstract: A digital color image sensor is disclosed having an elevated two-color photo-detector in combination with a single-color photo-detector. At least part of the circuitry associated with the two-color photo-detector may be integrated under the single-color photo-detector, which results in a smaller and less expensive photo-detector for a color image sensor. In addition, the two-color photo-detector photo-detectors are electrically isolated from each other, thereby improving the dynamic range of each photo-detector. The isolation is achieved by implementing one of the photo-detectors of the two-color photo-detector within the bulk silicon and elevating the other photo-detector of the two-color photo-detector above the bulk silicon.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for decreasing the effect of Miller capacitance on adjacent interconnects in an integrated circuit. The systems and methods include interweaving interconnects with signals traveling in one direction with interconnects with signals traveling in the opposite direction. The systems include a system for fabricating integrated circuits with interweaved interconnects and an integrated circuit with interweaved interconnects.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for estimating the location of a transmitter based on signals transmitted therefrom. The transmitted signals are received at a plurality of reception locations and are employed to compile data including a plurality of entries, where each entry includes a received signal level (RSL) of a received signal, a channel identification of the received signal, and position information corresponding to the respective reception location when the received signal was received. The entries are organized into groups according to channel identification, and, in each group, entries having the same position information are consolidated. Thereafter, for each entry, the distance DRT between the reception location and the transmitter is estimated, and the distance DRR between the reception location thereof and an adjacent reception location is also estimated.

Abstract: A read-only memory system for reduced power consumption during a read operation is described, as is a method for performing a read operation with such a read-only memory system. Rather than pre-charging all column lines in a ROM array, only W column lines are pre-charged to read a word of length W. Each column line in the ROM array has a switching mechanism which can connect the column line to a pre-charge voltage when a signal is sent to the switching mechanism from an address bus. After W column lines are pre-charged, a voltage is provided to corresponding row lines. The voltages of the W column lines are subsequently detected in order to read the content of the W bits comprising the word.