Abstract: This invention relates generally to medical electrode systems. In particular, the electrodes of this invention are capable of delivering synchronized cardioversion energy pulses as well as defibrillation energy pulses to a patient. The electrodes of this invention are appropriate for use with an automatic or semi-automatic external defibrillator (“AED”) as well as defibrillators capable of cardioversion. At least one electrode in an electrode set has a substrate with an adhesive surface, and conductors in communication with the substrate. The electrode further has a plurality of conductive elements electrode elements disposed on a substrate wherein each electrode element is in a spatial relationship to each other and electrically connected to the conductors, further the spatial relationship of the conductors facilitates the determination of an overall electrode pad attachment quality. A method of using the electrodes of this invention is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooling device primarily for cooling integrated circuits or other electronic devices during operation. The cooling device may include a heat sink portion having a plurality of cooling vanes and a heat pipe chamber. Both the cooling vanes and the heat pipe chamber may be integrally formed within the heat sink portion. Because the heat pipe chamber is integrally formed with the cooling vanes, no joints exist between the condensing surface of the heat pipe chamber and the cooling vanes. This, in turn, allows extremely rapid and efficient heat transfer between the heat pipe chamber and the cooling vanes. The cooling device may include extensions of the main heat pipe chamber which project into each of the cooling vanes. In this manner, the condensing surface of the heat pipe chamber is actually moved into the vanes at a position very close to the surface of the vanes where heat transfer into the atmosphere occurs.

Abstract: A graphical user interface for displaying boundary scan test data, and method for producing the same, is presented. The user interface display allows a user to view boundary scan test data from a boundary scan testing device in a format well-suited for debugging. Serial data received from the testing device is organized into a parallel format to display predicted versus actual data values on a per node basis, to show how a node is passing or failing. In a preferred embodiment, the user views the frame cell number in the boundary scan chain, the device cell number within a device at that point of the chain, the device name, the pin of the device associated with the cell, the node associated with the pin, the predicted value for the cell, the actual value for the cell as if differs from the predicted value if it differs, and the cell numbers for drivers that match predicted and actual data.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering a plurality of different biological materials onto discrete locations on a receiving surface, as for example to fabricate an array of different biological materials, includes a plurality of orifices in an orifice member, at least six delivery chambers each in fluid conducting relationship with at least one of the orifices, a plurality of reservoirs each in fluid communication with at least one of the delivery chambers, means associated with each orifice for propelling fluid through the associated orifice from the delivery chamber that is in fluid conducting relationship with the orifice, and a vent for commonly venting at least two of the reservoirs. In some embodiments the chambers and reservoirs are loaded with fluids containing selected biomolecules by drawing the selected fluids into the chambers through the orifices; in other embodiments the fluids are introduced into the reservoirs.

Abstract: An optical link includes a transmitter and a receiver for sending and receiving data across a free-space link or any other link in which a high level of background light may be present. The transmitter includes a source of circularly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength. The source is modulated to transmit data. The receiver includes a circuit for generating a signal indicative of the difference in intensity of left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light incident on the receiver. In one embodiment of the invention, the receiver includes a first polarization filter for blocking left-handed circularly polarized light of the predetermined wavelength and a second polarization filter for blocking right-handed circularly polarized light of the predetermined wavelength, the filters being displaced from one another.

Abstract: An apron and a skirt of a spatial light modulator are each coupled to a substrate by reverse-bias diodes. The spatial light modulator includes liquid crystal material between an array of electrodes and a ground electrode. The apron surrounds the array, and the segmented skirt surrounds the apron. The array, apron, and skirt are formed over the substrate. The reverse-bias diodes provide suitable electrical isolation during normal operation, but dissipate excessive charge that might accumulate during plasma etching as the modulator is being manufactured and that might otherwise induce damage due to electrostatic discharge.

Abstract: The display device operates in response to an information signal and comprises analog drive circuits in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns, an analog sampling circuit that derives the analog samples from the information signal, and a sample distribution circuit. The sample distribution circuit receives the analog samples from the analog sampling circuit and distributes them to the analog drive circuits. The sample distribution circuit includes input gates corresponding to the analog drive circuits, column busses corresponding to the columns of the array, and a row selector having outputs corresponding to the rows of the array. The column busses distribute the analog samples column-wise to the analog drive circuits. The input gates connect the analog drive circuits to the column busses. Each output of the row selector is connected to control the input gates in one of the rows. The row selector sequentially opens the input gates in the rows to select the analog samples on the column busses row-wise.

Abstract: A scalable synthesis apparatus capable of rapid and efficient oligo synthesis. The apparatus includes a combination of dispensing elements, synthesis elements, and waste removal elements. More specifically, the synthesis elements are, in the preferred embodiment, a series of well-like synthesis locations on a continuous strip, where the strip is moving serially from one dispensing location to the next, and waste from each step is evacuated a vacuum egress element, until an entire oligo has been synthesized. Serial oligo synthesis increases the per hour productivity dramatically over batch synthesis apparatus currently used. The number of dispensing locations can be increased or decreased so that oligos of longer or shorter lengths may be synthesized. Moreover, a tremendous reduction of wasted reagents and oligo surplusage by providing serial synthesis.

Abstract: A system for coupling a transmit fiber and a receive fiber to a light source and a photodetector, respectively, includes a unitary clear plastic member having lenses and total internal reflection (TIR) mirrors which cooperate to provide propagation along perpendicular X, Y and Z axes. The light source, photodetector and unitary optical member are surface mounted to a printed circuit board having drive circuitry for the light source and processing circuitry for the photodetector. By enabling surface mounting of the detector and light source, the cost of fabrication is significantly reduced.

Abstract: Spurious artifacts in intensity emulation caused by measurement non-linearities within a statistically created raster display are reduced or eliminated by first characterizing the non-linearities. Armed with this information the collection of code values in an aperture can be inspected to notice which code values are occurring. M-many out of every n-many instances of a fat code can be replaced by an adjacent code, with a frequency of replacement that is selected to counteract the fatness. In principle, the replacement mechanism could be sensitive to prior events and propagate or distribute corrections across a family of abnormal codes. The idea is to statistically adjust the collection of codes to be closer to what it would be if there were no non-linearities. Different non-linearities may benefit from different strategies for replacement. Certain safeguards may be desirable to prevent making the problem worse rather than better.

Abstract: A system and methodology for use in a signal measurement system having a graphical user interface. The measurement invocation system is configured to provide graphical control elements on the graphical user interface such that the selection of a control element invokes a measurement operation on a selected displayed waveform. The measurement invocation system automatically performs a waveform measurement function when graphically associated by a user with a waveform displayed in a waveform display region of a graphical user interface is disclosed. The measurement invocation system includes a measurement toolbar manager configured to display on the graphical user interface one or more measurement icons. Each of the icons corresponds to a waveform measurement function. The toolbar manager identifies which of the one or more measurement icons has been selected by the user.

Abstract: An optical switching device and a method of providing temperature control for the device utilize compensating thermal energy to maintain a consistent operating temperature. The optical switching device may be a thermally activated optical switch that routes optical signals using bubbles that are strategically created along optical paths within the device. The bubbles are created by thermal energy generated by switching heating elements. The compensating thermal energy may be generated by at least one compensating heating element or by at least one switching heating element that is not currently being used for optical switching, i.e., bubble creation. The compensating thermal energy is varied so that total thermal energy generated by the device is constant, which results in a consistent operating temperature. In a first embodiment, the device includes additional heating elements that are selectively activated to generate the compensating thermal energy.

Abstract: An automatic save and recall system and method for use in signal measurement systems that acquire and store signal data in accordance with a trigger specification, including generally a trigger definition and trigger control parameters (“trigger controls”). The present invention automatically stores in memory (“saves”) trigger-related data that includes, for example, a current trigger definition and other specified portions of a trigger specification (“saved trigger specifications”) without an explicit operator request. A plurality of such saved trigger specifications are subsequently available for retrieval from memory (“recall”). This enables an operator to easily return to a previous version of a trigger definition should the operator determine that a current trigger definition is undesirable. The automatic storing of trigger specifications (or portions thereof) may occur in response to one or more predetermined event(s).

Abstract: A system that can test individual components having tolerances on a circuit board without complete access to every node on the board is disclosed. The system uses a method that develops test limits from a model of the board, component tolerances, and a list of accessible nodes. A method of reducing the complexity of the test problem by limiting the number of components under consideration is also disclosed. A method of reducing the complexity of the test problem by limiting the number of nodes under consideration is also disclosed. A method of picking nodes to apply stimulus to a board is also disclosed. Finally, a method of correcting for certain parasitics associated with tester hardware is disclosed.

Abstract: An optical barrier made of tungsten (W) or titanium-tungsten (TiW). A layer of the optical barrier material is deposited over a transparent layer such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The optical barrier material is then patterned using photolithography processing steps and hydrogen peroxide as an etchant. The patterned optical barrier material acts as a light-shielding layer over a light-sensing device to form a dark reference device or dark pixel.

Abstract: A light source for generating light that is collected by an optical system that collects light leaving the light source within a predetermined acceptance angle relative to an axis defined in relation to the optical system. The light source includes a plurality of LEDs mounted on a reflecting base. Each of the LEDs generates light that leaves that LED via a top surface, a bottom surface, and one or more side surfaces of the LED. The reflecting base has a reflective surface in contact with the bottom surface of each of the LEDs. Light leaving the side surfaces of the LEDs is reflected into the acceptance angle of the optical system by a plurality of reflectors. In one embodiment of the invention, the reflectors include a plurality of reflecting facets for reflecting light leaving the side surfaces of the LEDs. The facets may be part of the reflective base or separate objects located between the LEDs. In another embodiment of the invention, the reflectors include scattering centers located between the LEDs.

Abstract: An optical detection system. The optical detection system includes an integrated circuit, photosensors, a passivation layer formed above the photosensors, and test sites formed on the passivation layer. The test sites include test probes of organic material that are able to bind with target organic molecules. The combination of the test probes and target organic molecules can be activated such that light is given off from the test sites in proportion to the concentration of target molecules. Light given off from the test sites is detected by the photosensors that are present below the passivation layer. The photosensors generate electronic signals in proportion to the amount of light received from the test sites. The electronic signals are then transmitted from the photosensors to the integrated circuit for signal processing. Signal processing within the integrated circuit can enhance the quality of the electronic signals generated by the photosensors.

Abstract: A bias circuit with an input current having a first reference node, the input current being gain divided to form a current smaller than the input current by a magnitude of the gain. The gain divided current being transferred through an intermediate current mirror with optional gain and to provide an output current. The output may have a second reference node that is different in voltage to the reference node of the input current, and multiplies the gain divided current by a gain so that the output current has a value equal to or greater than, but proportional to, the input current whereby an impedance in the output reference node is not reflected back.

Abstract: A time delay system and method utilize an accurate clock signal with a known frequency to calibrate an inaccurate clock signal that will be used to generate a desired time delay. In the case that the frequency of the inaccurate clock signal is lower than the frequency of the accurate clock signal, the number of cycles of the accurate clock signal that occur during a predetermined portion of the inaccurate clock signal is used to calibrate the inaccurate clock signal. Alternately, if the frequency of the inaccurate clock signal is higher than the frequency of the accurate clock signal, the number of cycles of the inaccurate clock signal that occur during a predetermined portion of the accurate clock signal is used in the calibration. The calibrated inaccurate clock signal is then utilized to generate an accurate time delay.

Abstract: In order to improve the noise performance of a charge balance type photodiode array by reducing error influences, e.g. due to offset voltages, flicker and/or thermal noise, on a desired signal a compensation circuit is inserted in each channel of this array. The basic concept under lying this compensation circuit is to effect a correlated double sampling method without any significant increase in space or power demand for the silicon chip of at least one channel of said photodiode array. Because the wanted signal is primarily an amount of charge, the compensating circuit comprises a switchable compensating capacitor to compensate an error contribution of the desired signal. In a first “calibration period” the compensating capacitor is charged or discharged in dependence on the actual noise contribution. In a second compensation period the compensation capacitor provides a voltage which is used to correct a predetermined reference voltage to insure compensation of the error contribution.