Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs having superior brightness, which can be formed on opaque substrates such as silicon, and methods for producing such OLEDs. OLEDs according to the invention comprise a reflective electrode on the substrate, an organic active layer which provides electroluminescence, an injection layer, and a transparent organic electrode. Light from the active layer which is initially directed backward is reflected by the reflective layer to increase the apparent brightness of the diode in the forward direction.

Abstract: A device for sampling blood from the skin of a patient by puncture. The device includes one or more lancets for lancing the skin and a fluid-conducting plate unit for transporting blood from the lancing wound. The plate unit has one or more channels for conducting fluid to one or more target locations. Preferably there is a first channel for conducting away a first portion of fluid that contains more of a fluid that is emitted initially (initial fluid) from the puncture wound and a second channel for conducting a second portion of fluid that contains less of the initial fluid from the puncture wound. Blood is drawn into the channels by capillary force. The device can be used to lance the skin and obtain a representative sample of blood with relatively simple procedures.

Abstract: A technique for analyzing ions by determining the time of flight of the ions in a time of flight mass spectrometer using internal calibration. In the technique, a calibration step includes the steps of launching a packet of ions from a source to a detector, detecting the time needed for the ions to arrive at the detector to obtain a time-of-flight mass spectrum, and selecting data from the mass spectrum corresponding to a plurality of ions of consecutive masses and use the selected data to determine the relationship between time of flight data and the masses of the ions of consecutive masses for calibration of the relation between times of flight and masses in the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: An illumination source for use in projectors and the like. The illumination source includes a light source that generates a two-dimensional emission pattern having a light intensity that varies as a function of position in the emission pattern. A collector collects the light from the light source and illuminates an exit aperture therewith. The illuminated exit aperture has a two-dimensional emission pattern with a light intensity that varies as a function of position in a manner that is more uniform as a function of position than the emission pattern of the light source. An imaging optical element images the exit aperture onto a surface. The collector is preferably a compound parabolic concentrator or a compound elliptical concentrator. In one embodiment of the invention, a partially reflecting film is placed between the exit aperture and the imaging optical element.

Abstract: A cross-connect switch for switching light signals arriving on N input optical fibers to M output optical fibers. The switch includes N×M mirror elements arranged as N rows and M columns of mirror elements. Each mirror element has a reflecting state and a non-reflecting state. In the reflecting state, each mirror element reflects light from a corresponding one of the input optical fibers to a corresponding one of the output optical fibers. Each mirror element is positioned in the non-reflecting state such that the mirror element does not intercept light from any of the input optical fibers. All of the mirror elements corresponding to a given input optical fiber are located on the same row and all mirror elements corresponding to a given output optical fiber are located in the same column. The switch also includes a plurality of re-collimating lenses. One such re-collimating lens is located between two of the mirror elements in each of the rows of mirror elements.

Abstract: The disclosed HV supply device has a first housing part (1) that serves as an outside cover. In addition, a second housing part (6) forming two sides is provided. On the first side is the high-voltage supply part (8), and on the second side is the low-voltage supply part (9) which is physically or spatially separated from the high-voltage supply part (8). The first side of the second housing part (6) has a first mounting rack (14) to receive electrical or electronic low-voltage (16) and high-voltage components (17), and the second side has a second mounting rack (13) to receive electrical or electronic low-voltage components (15), whereby the two mounting racks (13, 14) are connected by an electrical connecting line (11, 12) penetrating the second housing part (6). The second (6) and the first housing part (1) are designed so that the high-voltage supply part (8) is enclosed on all sides in an area within one of the two housing parts after the two housing parts (1, 6) are joined.

Abstract: A micro display system is provided that uses ambient light to illuminate the microdisplay. A wave-guide contains an embedded dye which absorbs ambient light through the surface of the wave-guide and re-emits light. Total internal reflection in the wave-guide and reflection from a reflector at one end of the wave-guide direct all the re-emitted light through a light-transmissive end to an illuminator for illuminating the microdisplay with polarized light. The microdisplay has a plurality of pixels which are activated to selectively reflect polarized or rotated polarized light back through the illuminator where the polarized light forms an image for a user.

Abstract: An electronic probe has a termination portion, a filter, and an impedance device. The termination portion is connected between a transmission line end and a common node. The termination portion has a termination resistor and a termination capacitor connected in series between the transmission line end and the common node. The filter has a resistor connected in parallel with a capacitor and an inductor connected in series with the filter resistor and filter capacitor combination. The components are connected between the transmission line end and an output. An impedance device is connected between the output and the common node. A zero is associated with the termination portion and a pole is associated with the filter. The frequency of the zero is approximately equal to the frequency of the pole. The probe provides a device for measuring tri-state logic circuits without overloading the circuits.

Abstract: A cooling system for dissipating heat from a heat source has a heat sink associated with an air moving device. The heat sink has a core member having a first surface adapted to contact at least a portion of the heat source. In addition, the core member has at least one outer peripheral surface. At least one cooling fin device having at least one inner peripheral surface and at least one cooling fin is associated with the core member wherein the inner peripheral surface of the cooling fin device is adjacent the outer peripheral surface of the core member. The air moving device is located opposite the first surface of the core member and forces air past the cooling fins in the general direction of the first surface. During operation of the cooling system, heat transfers from the heat source into the core member via the core member first surface. The core member transfers the heat to the outer peripheral surface where it is then transferred to the cooling fins.

Abstract: A quantum absorber is provided having transitions that include a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. Incident electro-magnetic radiation is generated. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components and additional frequency components. The main frequency components are at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and differ in frequency by a frequency difference. The additional frequency components collectively have a spectrum. The quantum absorber is irradiated with the incident electro-magnetic radiation.

Abstract: Absolute delay of a FTD is characterized by applying a stimulus signal to a first port of the FTD. A second port of the FTD is coupled to a delay element having a known delay and a reflective termination. A drive signal is applied to a third port of the FTD. A time domain reflection response to the stimulus signal is obtained and a signal peak within the response that corresponds to a return signal from the reflective termination is identified. Absolute delay of the frequency translation device is then extracted based on the known delay of the delay element and a time that corresponds to the occurrence of the identified signal peak. Delay versus frequency is characterized by isolating a segment of the obtained time domain reflection response that corresponds to a return signal from the reflective termination. Inverse frequency transforming the isolated segment of the time domain reflection response provides delay characteristics of the FTD versus frequency.

Abstract: A centrifuge includes a centrifuge rotor that rotates to provide supergravity conditions and tilt rotors that provide for sample agitation under the supergravity conditions. The centrifuge rotor is integral with a hollow centrifuge drive shaft. A tilt-drive shaft extends through the hollow and rotates coaxially of the centrifuge rotor. The tilt-drive shaft has a pinion that engages the tilt rotors, which thus are made to rotate about tilt axes that are spaced from and parallel to the centrifuge axis. A centrifuge motor is mechanically coupled to the centrifuge drive shaft to rotate the centrifuge rotor. A tilt motor is mechanically coupled to the tilt drive shaft for imparting a rocking motion of the tilt rotors (and thus of mounted sample reaction cells) relative to the centrifuge rotor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for probing target pads in a dense pad array while minimizing distortion of a signal on the pads probed due to the probe load on the target pads and minimizing an amount of cross-talk between aggressor conductors in the dense pad array and the probe tip. In one embodiment, a probe tip arrangement is provided comprising a pad located in a dense pad array and a first probe tip resistor having first and second ends, the first end being coupled to the pad. The first probe tip resistor is positioned directly adjacent to the pad as closely as manufacturing processes will allow. The probe tip arrangement further includes an access transmission line coupled to the second end of the first probe tip resistor and extending outside of the dense pad array to a second probe tip resistor The second probe tip resistor may, in turn, be coupled to an electrical connector which in turn is coupled to a logic analyzer or oscilloscope to test the signal on the respective pad of the pad array.

Abstract: A strain relief comprises a generally cylindrically shaped, spool-like member having at least one radial slot therein that extends along a portion of the length of the cylindrically shaped, spool-like member. The radial slot divides the cylindrically shaped, spool-like member into a first hemi-spool portion and a second hemi-spool portion. The radial slot also defines a bridge section that connects the first and second hemi-spool portions. The bridge section is severable to allow the second hemi-spool portion to be separated from the first hemi-spool portion.

Abstract: Improved calibration of optical wavelength measuring instruments. In a first embodiment, improved calibration is achieved in an optical wavelength measuring instrument by performing calibration measurements at a plurality of known wavelengths and using an average calibration constant derived from the plurality of measurements. In a second embodiment, improved calibration is achieved by performing calibration measurements at a plurality of known wavelengths and calculating a linear or higher order calibration model, or a periodic model. These approaches may be extended by segmenting the wavelength range and using different calculated calibration values, or different calibration models, for each segment.

Abstract: The data of a plurality of attributes of dies on a semiconductor wafer under a parametric test can be managed in a unified manner, and edited and displayed on a real-time basis with one tool. A semiconductor inspection apparatus has a memory for expanding and storing attribute data of dies as data of at least three values for selecting and specifying attributes of dies on a wafer from a plurality of attributes, and a display controller for allowing an operator to select any of the attributes of dies within one displayed image, and reflecting selected attributes immediately as die characteristics in the displayed image. A method of specifying attributes of dies on a wafer in such a semiconductor inspection apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical switch uses a surface electrostatic actuator to mechanically pivot a reflector to selectively redirect a received optical beam. In one application, the optical switch selectively couples a first optical fiber to a second optical fiber. The electrostatic actuator includes first and second members that are separated by a short distance. The opposing surfaces of the two members include a number of drive electrodes. These electrodes generate electrostatic forces which induce lateral displacement when the electrostatic forces are modified. The modification of the electrostatic forces is accomplished by reconfiguring a voltage pattern of the drive electrodes. The lateral displacement pivots the reflector, which is mechanically attached to the first member. The pivoting occurs along a pivot region that is generally parallel to the surfaces of the first and second members. The first member may be a stator, while the second member may be a translator that controls pivoting of an internal micromirror.

Abstract: A switching device for controlling fluid motion. The device includes a capillary filled with a first fluid into which a wall-confined bubble of a second fluid is introduced to achieve a first switching event. Capillary geometry and wetting properties provide a pressure-related asymmetric energy potential distribution for controlling the flow of the bubble, and the device is called an asymmetric bubble chamber, or ABC. The bubble is initially trapped in an energy potential well, and upon increase of its volume moves from the well into a region of low energy potential to achieve a second switching event. The first switching event may be blocking of a fluid channel or reflection of an optical beam in an optical crosspoint switch, while the second switching event may be unblocking of a fluid channel or restoration of transmission of an optical beam.

Abstract: A method and system for compensating for defects in a multi-light valve display allows for the compensation of defective pixels in a display. By sequentially illuminating all light valves in a multi-light valve system with all colors, or wavelengths, available in the display, each light valve modulates the full gamut of colors available in the system. In this manner, the remaining light valves can compensate for a defective pixel in one of the light valves. The invention also includes an active compensation feature, whereby defective pixels in the display are identified and are compensated for by an associated display driver.