Abstract: Mutants of the genus Brevibacterium or Coryne-bacterium resistant to a respiratory inhibitor or ADP phosphorylation inhibitor produced L-glutamic acid in a high yield, when they are cultured aerobically in an aqueous culture medium.

Abstract: An L-lysine producing microorganism which is obtained by incorporation into a host strain of the genus Escherichia of a hybrid plasmid having inserted therein a DNA fragment with genetic information controlling L-lysine production which is derived from a donor strain which is resistant to an L-lysine analogue, is useful for the production of high levels of L-lysine by fermentation.

Abstract: Mutants of the genus Bervibacterium or Corynebacterium are given resistance to keto-malonic acid, fluoro-malonic acid, monofluoro-acetic acid or aspartate antagonist and used to produce L-arginine by aerobic fermentation.

Abstract: The reaction between L-aspartic acid and benzyloxycarbonyl chloride is carried out at a specific pH range, i.e., 12.0 to 13.5, whereby highly pure N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartic acid can be obtained in high yields, while both the by-production of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-.alpha.- or .beta.-L-aspartyl-L-aspartic acid and the decomposition of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride to benzyl alcohol are suppressed.

Abstract: Stabilized halogen-containing resin compositions having improved thermal stability and weather resistance comprising a halogen-containing resin and as a stabilizer, an organic phosphate ester having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are the same or different organic radicals, A represents hydrocarbon residue of polyhydric compound having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, m and n are each an integer of 1 to 3, and m+n is equal to the total number of hydroxyl groups in polyhydric compound.

Abstract: A mutant of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium resistant to a compound having vitamine-P activity produces L-glutamic acid in a high yield, when it is cultured in an aqueous medium aerobically.

Abstract: A yeast extract containing flavoring 5'-neucleotide and having an improved thickness or body in taste is produced by (1) autolyzing suspended yeast cells in the presence of a stimulator of autolysis at a constant pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.6, then (2) heating the autolyzed suspension at a temperature of 90.degree.-110.degree. C. for 1 to 3 hours thereby extracting intracellular ribonucleic acid; and thereafter performing the following steps in any order; (3) hydrolyzing the extracted ribonucleic acid with a 5'-phosphodiesterase and; (4) separating the resulting extract from the insoluble residue.

Abstract: A method of producing improved starch, which comprises subjecting starch having a water content of not more than 50% to a smoking treatment.

Abstract: A novel modified hemoglobin was prepared. The hemoglobin is coupled with a polyalkylene glycol or its derivative, and the products are useful as a blood substitute. The oxygen-carrying capacity of this hemoglobin is nearly equal to that of a native hemoglobin, and the residence time in the circulation is satisfactorily long.

Abstract: Electrochemical method for determining the concentration of a carbon source and L-amino acid in a fermentation medium or cultured broth by contacting a microbial electrode consisting of an oxygen-sensitive electrode or a carbon dioxide gas-sensitive electrode combined with fixed microbial cells of a micro-organism capable of assimilating said carbon source or decarboxylating said L-amino acid with a sample solution and sensing electrically the rate of current decrease which is caused by the consumed oxygen in the solution in proportion to the concentration of carbon source; or the electric motive force which is caused by the liberation of carbon dioxide in the sample solution in proportion to the concentration of L-amino acid. Microbial electrodes and systems useful in carrying out the aforementioned method.

Abstract: The concentration of ammonia in an aqueous liquid is determined by contacting a sample of the liquid with dissolved oxygen and with a microbial electrode comprising an oxygen-sensitive electrode, a porous membrane, and nitrifying bacteria confined or immobilised by the membrane which are in direct or close contact with the diaphragm of the electrode. The rate of oxygen consumption under otherwise uniform conditions is as precise a measure of concentration of ammonia as a conventional colorimetric method and distillation-titration method.

Abstract: A purified ring peptide antibiotic of the following empirical formula:N.alpha.-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-oxohexyl)-L-.alpha.,.gamma.-diaminobutyryl-L -isoleucyl-L-.alpha.,.gamma.-diaminobutyryl-D-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-.alph a.,.gamma.-diaminobutyryl-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-serine (9-1)-lactoneand which has the following structural formula: ##STR1## and wherein Dab represents 2,4-diamino butyric acid.

Abstract: An amino acid intravenous solution is provided which comprises an aqueous solution of L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-valine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, L-alanine, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-serine wherein all or a portion of the cystine component can be substituted by cysteine and/or methionine, while all or a portion of the tyrosine can be substituted by phenylalanine.

Abstract: L-lysine is produced by culturing mutants of Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium which are sensitive to fluoropyruvic acid.

Abstract: A glyceride product is prepared by interesterifying a glyceride mixture in the presence of a lipase as a catalyst with a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol, or mixture thereof, said glyceride mixture being composed of at least two different glycerides or at least one glyceride and at least one fatty acid.

Abstract: A method is provided for fractionating an oil to separate high melting components thereof, which comprises the steps of:(a) adjusting the temperature of an oil or fat to a temperature from the complete melting point to thirty Celsius degrees above the slip melting point of the oil or fat;(b) seeding the temperature-adjusted oil or fat with seed crystals of the high melting point components of said oil or fat;(c) cooling said seeded oil or fat below said temperature to crystallize said high melting point components; and(d) separating the crystals of said high melting point components from the slurry obtained in step (c).

Abstract: Novel cyano substituted diphenoquinones of the formula, ##STR1## wherein X is a bromine atom or a cyano group, are useful as oxidizing agents and electron acceptors in charge-transfer complex formation owing to their high redox potentials. They may be easily prepared by oxidizing the corresponding cyano substituted biphenols with dinitrogen tetraoxide in an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: A peptide derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, glutamyl, isoleucyl-glutamyl, phenylalanyl-glutamyl, lysyl, glutamyl-lysyl, phenylalanyl-glutamyl-lysyl, leucyl, and valyl-leucyl. This compound is useful as a fluorescent substrate for the sensitive determination of enzymatic activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a peptidase capable of substantially completely hydrolyzing protein into its constituent amino acids which comprises culturing a strain of filamentous fungus, belonging to one of the species Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae and characterized in that said strain is capable of producing said peptidase, in a nutrient culture medium containing at least one substrate selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid having 14, 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms and a derivative of said fatty acid, and recovering said peptidase from said culture medium. It is particularly effective to use a combination of a sugar ester of a fatty acid and a vegetable oil as substrates in a liquid culture medium.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions for agricultural and horticultural use are provided which contain as an active ingredient thereof the antibiotics angustmycin A or angustmycin C. They exhibit excellent protective effects against attack by plant disease fungi or bacteria, have no phytotoxicity and cause no pollution in the environment. A method for protecting plants by the use thereof is also provided.