Abstract: Inserts of metal in the plastic of a plastic structural element are coated with a coupling layer of fibre-reinforced plastic, which reduces the abrupt change in stiffness and/or coefficient of thermal expansion at the joining interfaces in the metal-plastic composite. By altering the volume fraction of fibres and/or by different orientation of the fibre layers within the coupling layers, a gradual change in the E-modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient are produced, as a result of which abrupt changes in these values at the composite interfaces can be avoided. The sudden change in stiffness between the plastic material and the metal inset also reduced by reducing the stiffness of the insert, which again is achieved by specific choice of shape. Preferred, in particular, is a finger-shaped fanning out of the insert in the plastic material.

Abstract: A device for forming a single or mutli-chamber workpiece by high internal pressure created by a medium capable of flow in the hollow interior of the workpiece. The device contains a forming tool with a cavity accommodating the workpiece and pressure generating equipment for generating the high internal pressure. The pressure generating equipment contains a displacement pump with a pressure converter having a longitudinally coupled displacement body with different working surface areas A1, A2, which operates with a stroke frequency f, whereby strokes of the pressure converter cause a pressure p1 created on the primary side to be raised until a higher secondary pressure p2 is reached on the secondary side.

Abstract: A hollow section made of a metal alloy and having at least one hollow space which is delimited by walls featuring end lengths forming corner regions. The walls exhibit at least in part different thicknesses in cross-section. The thickness of the end length of the walls diminishes in a continuous manner to a smaller thickness. The facing and approximately parallel outer walls of the hollow section are joined on the inside by at least one integral inner wall. The outer walls along with the inner walls delimit a plurality of hollow chambers and the walls of each chamber exhibit in each case a middle length of constant thickness and at both ends thereof an end length of increasing thickness.

Abstract: A short circuiting device for an electric railway system having a conductor rail for supplying electric power to drive the vehicles. The function of the device is to provide a short circuit between a track rail and the conductor rail. The short circuiting device contains a first contact element providing a face to make contact with the track rail and a contact arm that is coupled to the contact element via a jointed connection and has a contact face for making contact with the conductor rail. The jointed connection is a multi-hinged connecting facility containing two levers which are joined to each other via a knee-type joint and joined via the respective first and second connection hinges to the contact element and the contact arm.

Abstract: In a vehicle with bumper which is attached to the vehicle transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle via a deformation element (10) the deformation element (10) exhibits two first side walls (28, 30) that are spaced apart, and are joined to second side walls (40,42) that are spaced apart. The first and second side walls (28, 30, 40, 42) feature first and second grooves (48a,b, 50a,b; 50a,b, 54a,b) that run transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and are arranged in pairs opposite each other, each in a common plane. The first grooves (48a,b, 58a,b) extend over the whole breadth of the first side walls (28, 30) and the second grooves (52a,b, 54a,b) extend over only a middle part of the second side walls (40,42), leaving a region free at both edges. The first grooves (48a,b, 58a,b) are arranged in pairs in first planes and the second grooves (52a,b, 54a,b) are arranged in pairs in second planes situated between two subsequent first planes.

Abstract: A process for forming a starting profile with a profile cavity by a bending forming process and an internal high pressure produced in a sealed profiled cavity by way of a fluid, including the steps of initially, before forming by internal high pressure, forming a starting profile at a distance from free ends of the starting profile and across a longitudinal axis of the starting profile into a cross-section with favorable bending properties, by one of transversely inwardly bent side walls of the starting profile, folding during bending, flat pressing or a flat high-sided profile produced in an extrusion process.

Abstract: A method for optimizing colored images emitted by a color printer on the non-white surfaces of substrates and for optimizing the amounts of printing ink used, wherein an image motif is processed by a computer-assisted image processing system in order to form a master copy which is ready for output. The method determines, for each pixel, whether and with what color density, a white underprint can be applied to a corresponding pixel, using an algorithm based on overall color density SF. The surface of the substrate is thus only underprinted with white on the pixels of the master copy where the overall color density is lacking or low.

Abstract: A deformation element having a single or multi-chamber hollow section with a longitudinal axis to accommodate energy of impact acting in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the section. The deformation element contains outer section walls that form inner and outer section wall faces. The outer section walls are divided into section wall end lengths and lengths and section wall intermediate lengths, whereby the abutting section wall end lengths of a pair of outer section walls form corner regions with corners. The wall thicknesses of the section wall end lengths are greater than the wall thickness of the section wall lengths neighbouring the section wall end lengths, with the result that a thickening of the section wall is provided in the corner region.

Abstract: A child-resistant yet senior-friendly packaging for tablets, capsules or similar pharmaceutical products. The packaging is a blister pack (12) with at least one cup (24) that receives tablets in an external package (10), arranged between a base part (14) and an intermediate part (16), and that is closed by a cover film (26) that can be pressed through. The intermediate part (16) is covered by a cover part (18). A first adhesive (30) is arranged between the base part (14) or the blister pack (12) and the intermediate part (16). A second adhesive (32) is arranged between the intermediate part (16) and the cover part (18). The second adhesive (32), in the closed state of the external package (10), has a lower adhesiveness vis-à-vis the first adhesive (30) and, once the cover part (18) is released from the intermediate part (16), a higher adhesiveness vis-à-vis the first adhesive (30).

Abstract: A method for producing a strip-shaped object of any thickness, width and length, made up of stacked, partially glued together foil strips. According to said method, each of the foil strips is provided with adhesive strips applied across the width (u) of the foil strip on one side, and the adhesive strips are offset from each other on foil strips that directly follow each other. The foil strips are stacked to produce a foil strip stack, pressed against each other in the stacking direction and glued together in order to produce the strip-shaped object. In the process, a line of foil which is provided with adhesive strips crosswise to its longitudinal direction (x) is divided into at least two lines of foil strips of equal width in its longitudinal direction (u).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for shaping an initial profile (16a) or a similar workpiece, which comprises a profile space, into a final profile by using an internal high pressure that is generated in the sealed profile space by a flowable active medium. In order to shape the initial profile (16a) comprising at least one corner area (28n), preferably at least two corner area (28n), wall sections (34) which connect in the corner area (28n) are preshaped such that their cross-sections are curved counter to the direction of pressure, and are subsequently straightened by the internal high pressure of the flowable active medium while displacing the corner area (28n) in a direction of pressure.

Abstract: Lids, for example lids for machine-lidding of e.g. beakers, dishes, menu dishes, goblets, small packages etc., containing a substrate material featuring, with respect to a container on which the lids are used, a smooth outward facing surface bearing printing. On the inward facing side of the lid is a sealing layer deposited by extrusion laminate coating. The sealing layer exhibits on the free surface embossing with a depth of roughness of up to 50 &mgr;m. The embossing is transferred to the sealing layer in the form of a roughness pattern on the cooling roll on depositing the laminate coating of the substrate material and extruded sealing layer. The free side of the substrate material is smooth and exhibits no embossing. Printing on the free surface is therefore of higher quality. The extruded sealing layer on the substrate material exhibits embossing on the free side. If the lids are drawn from a stack of lids, for example in a filling machine, the embossing allows them to be separated individually.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a road-bound, horizontally fitted vehicle body with a roof unit having an outer skin and an inward facing ceiling with a ceiling frame, and a basic structure having longitudinal frames and front and rear cross members. The ceiling and the outer skin along with the basic structure have corresponding joining configurations that mate the ceiling and outer skin to the basic structure.

Abstract: A device for shape-forming at least one recess in a film-type material features a die with at least one opening, at least one shaping stem that can be introduced into the opening to create the recess by shape-forming, and a clamping facility for holding the film-type material fast between the clamping facility and the die. Counter-stems which are displaceable at least within the die openings are situated in the die, whereby shape-forming regions of the shape forming stems and the counter-stems for clamping the film-shaped material are, at least in part, superimposed on each other.

Abstract: Packaging for receiving liquid, pasty, powdery, granular or solid material having tear-open means and sealed edges and made of a foil-shaped composite material. The foil-shaped composite material has multiple layers. At least one layer of the composite material does not have weakened areas. At least one layer of the composite material has weakened areas located in the packaging at least partly in the area of the filling space. The weakened areas are preferably a series of cuts or a plurality of parallel individual cuts.

Abstract: Lids (10) of a substrate material (5) having a plastic film, featuring printing (6) on the outside, with respect to a container (1) on which the lid (10) is employed, and an inward facing sealing layer (8,9), for closing the container (1) which has a shoulder region (4). The inward facing side of the substrate material (5) features the sealing layer (8,9) in the form of a printed image, and the printed image corresponds with the shoulder region (4) of the container (1) and is in the form of a series of points (12). The printed image (12) which forms the sealing layer (8,9) and the printed pattern (12) may be deposited in the same printing machine in which the printing (6) on the substrate layer takes place. The printed image (11) enables easy removal of the lids (10) individually from a stack of lids in the packaging machine without having to depend on embossing of the lids.

Abstract: A bumper for a vehicle having an extruded light metal alloy hollow section with section walls in the form of a compressive strut and a tensile strut which are spaced apart and a pair of transverse walls joining them. In the interior of the hollow section there is a reinforcing bead provided on at least one of the transverse walls and/or on one of the section walls joining them. This bead is situated in at least one corner region between a transverse wall and the section wall joining them, the latter of which may preferably be a section inner wall facing the vehicle.

Abstract: A blister package (1) with a bottom part (2) with at least one depression (3) and a cover film (6) that is fastened to the bottom part (2), covers the depressions (3) and can be forced through, the depressions (3) containing a product to be withdrawn. A cover layer (7) covers the cover film (6) and contains sections that can be forced through and others that cannot be forced through. The depression (3), in the rest position of the blister package (1), is located at least partially or completely above a section of the cover layer (7) that cannot be forced through. In order to expose the product to be withdrawn, the depression is displaced across a section (8) in the cover layer (7) that can be forced through by way of a lateral movement with respect to the cover layer (7). The product to be withdrawn can then be forced through the cover film (6) and the cover layer (7).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a road-bound, horizontally fitted vehicle body with a roof unit having an outer skin and an inward facing ceiling, or an outer skin and an inward facing ceiling with a ceiling frame, whereby the roof unit is a unit ready for installation, and a basic structure having longitudinal frames and side wall columns, the ceiling and the outer skin along with the basic structure having joining configurations that mate with each other at mutual places for joining. The ceiling has at least one fitting from a group of fittings consisting of fittings for a ceiling cover, interior cladding, cushioning against impact, sun shields, an interior rear view mirror, interior lighting, wiring, operating and display elements, sliding, raising, folding, lamellar and glass roofs, and their frame parts and the drive elements, and roof hand grips.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing cold formed shaped forms of packaging having at least one recess from a metal-plastic laminate. Examples of such shaped forms of packaging are the base parts of push-through packs or blister packs. The process is such that the laminate is held between a retaining tool and a die. The die 1 exhibits at least one opening and a stamp is driven into the die opening causing the laminate to be shape-formed into a packaging, correspondingly exhibiting one or more recesses. The die and the retaining tool exhibit facing edge regions and the die, within the edge region, exhibits a shoulder region that surrounds the die opening or openings. The surface of the shoulder region lies 0.