Abstract: A reflector with high total reflection which is resistant to mechanical stresses. The reflector includes a reflector body and superimposed thereon (a) a functional coating such as a varnish, (b) a reflecting layer structure composed of a reflecting metallic layer and optionally arranged thereon one or several transparent ceramic layers, for example, layers having an optical depth of &lgr;/2. The reflecting layer structure contains, as its surface layer, a protective layer. The protective layer is a silicon oxide of general formula SiOx, wherein x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or it is aluminum oxide of formula Al2O3, in a thickness of 3 nm or more. The protective layer protects the underlying layers from mechanical damages. In the DIN 58196 abrasion test the protected surface does not show any damages after 50 test cycles with 100 abrasion strokes.

Abstract: Light-guiding surface of metal in the form of a rolled product, said rolled product having at least one structured surface created by a rolling process.

Abstract: A heat sink of metal material, in particular a light metal alloy, for semi-conductor elements or similar components, has plate-like cooling ribs projecting from a base plate at intervals (f) and approximately parallel to each other, protrude with a connection strip into the base plate in which they are cast. A molding tool designed for production of the heat sink includes a casting mold with a mold chamber for the base plate. The mold chamber contains an area to receive the connection strips of the cooling ribs. Two parallel side walls of the casting mold and intermediate layers arranged parallel between them, each defining a receiver gap, are arranged displaceably on at least one shaft passing through them. The walls can be moved to produce the compact casting mold after insertion of the cooling ribs in the receiver gaps.

Abstract: An arrangement for absorption of the energy of impact for road or rail bound vehicles contains an elongated insert (6)—in the form of a rigid lever or as part of a lever of length r and featuring two end faces (10, 11), the first end face (10) being attached to the long side of a section component (3) and the second face (11) coupled via a collision component (12) to an impact area (9) projecting out from the section component (3) in such a manner that a force of impact acting on the impact area (9), while displacing the collision component (12) in the direction of the force of impact, effects a rotational movement (D) of the insert (6) about a predetermined point of rotation (P) in the section component (3) and local bending of the section component (3) at the point of rotation (P).

Abstract: The packaging tube (10) comprises a tubular pipe (11) which has an opening (19) and a hinged cover seal (12) with a tubular sealing neck (14) which contains a spout (16) and an opening (18). The hinged cover seal (12) is manufactured in one piece, substantially from a said polypropylene, by injection moulding and comprises a hinged cover (13) which is integrally connected to the sealing neck (14) by way of a hinge (17). The tubular pipe (11) consists of a composite film (20) with two external films (21, 24) of a said polypropylene and an intermediate film (23) with barrier effect. The sealing neck (14) is drawn with its opening (11) over the tubular pipe opening (19) of the tubular pipe (11) or engages therein and forms an overlap area (30) with the tubular pipe (11), in which the hinged cover seal (12) is welded to one of the external films (24) of the tubular pipe composite film (20).

Abstract: Packaging (10) featuring a tear-off closure with an tearing aid for freeing an opening (34) to remove the contents (32) is such that, at least in the region of the opening, layers of packaging material forming an outer (20) and inner part (22) of the packaging are superimposed, separated or separable from each other. The aid to tearing is arranged on the outer part (20) of the packaging in such a manner that the outer part of the packaging is separated from the inner part of the packaging a distance (a) from the opening and the inner part of the packaging is exposed in the region of the opening. The inner part (22) of the packaging which is revealed on tearing open the packaging is free of germs with the result that the packaging is suitable for consuming drinkable and/or edible contents by mouth directly from the packaging.

Abstract: Diecasting machine for production of mouldings from thixotropic metal billets, containing a sprue system which connects a cylindrical casting chamber cavity with a moulding cavity, where the sprue system has a cylindrical sprue cavity immediately adjacent to the casting chamber cavity and contains at least one sprue, and all sprues lead laterally away from the generated surface of the sprue cavity and each sprue has a concentric center line and at its end facing towards the moulding cavity has an inlet opening for introduction of the thixotropic metal alloy into the moulding cavity, and the sprue system is connected to the casting chamber cavity by a passage opening perpendicular in relation to a concentric longitudinal axis of the cylindrical casting chamber cavity, wherein each sprue has a circular or elliptical cross section with a substantially constant cross sectional area over its entire length.

Abstract: In order to detect pin-holes or tears in a foil (16), during deformation of the foil (16), the transmission of light through the foil is measured continuously by means of at least one light source (22) situated on one side of the foil (16) and at least one of the light sensors (24) on the other side of the foil (16). The light source (22) is integrated in a shaping-punch (14) and the light sensors (24) are situated in a die (12) which is employed along with the punch (14). The pin-hole detector (10) enables pin-holes or tears formed during the deformation of the foil to be detected on-line in a single shaping step closely resembling actual working practice.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion tool for an extrusion press for manufacturing seamless, eccentric pipe sections (12)—in particular pipe sections with circular outer and inner contours—from extrusion blocks (2), in particular from extrusion billets.

Abstract: A composite plastic film comprises a plastic film which is coated, as desired at least on one side, with ceramic material deposited using a vacuum thin layer deposition process and a plastic layer deposited by extrusion coating on the plastic film or on the ceramic layer which may be present, such that the ceramic layer is situated between the plastic film and the plastic layer deposited by extrusion coating. In order to improve the strength of bonding, a metal layer of chromium, aluminum, nickel, titanium, iron, molybdenum or an alloy made up from at least two of these metals is provided, as an aid to bonding, between the plastic film or on the ceramic layer which may be present and the plastic layer deposited by extrusion coating. A thin metal layer deposited in such an amount that it has a thickness of approximately 0.1 to 0.5 nm corresponding to a monatomic coverage is sufficient for this purpose.

Abstract: Ultra-fine-grained thermoplastics such as polyolefins, for example, having an average particle size D50 of less than 400 &mgr;m and are present in a mixture along with a filler where the amount of filler material in the mixture amounts to 40 to 90% with respect to the mixture. As such ultra-fine-grained thermoplastics cannot be obtained by means of the normal milling process of if so then only with considerable expenditure, the process for manufacturing ultrafine-grained thermoplastics is performed in such a manner that a mixture containing 10 to 60 wt. % thermoplastics with respect to the mixture and 40 to 90 wt.% filler material with respect to the mixture is ground e.g. in an impact pulverizer, as a result of which thermoplastic particles with an average particle size D50 less than 400 &mgr;m are produced.

Abstract: A device for forming a hollow profile formed as a multi-chamber profile (21) by means of an internal high pressure generated by a fluid pressure medium within the hollow profile containing a sealing die (1a) engaging in the profile chamber (20) with a carrier part (3a) and a collar (2a) arranged on the carrier part (3a) sealing the face side of the profile chamber (20). The die (1a) also has a passage opening (7a) as a pressure medium supply and/or extraction channel (9a). The collar (2a) is a resilient rubber die part arranged on the face of the carrier part (3a) facing the profile chamber (20) and on the free face (16a) of the collar (2a) is provided a preload plate (6a) which is anchored by way of the fixing means (8a) penetrating the collar (2a) in the carrier part (3a) lying on the collar (2a) so that the collar (2a) is squeeze-clamped between the preload plate (6a) and the carrier part (3a).

Abstract: A linear cold connection with connecting places contains a first and a second structural component to join first and second construction elements of a frame for road or rail bound vehicles. First construction elements are attached to the first structural component and second construction elements are attached to the second structural component. The first and second structural components are joined together via a pair of first and second joint faces. The joint faces form a length of arc of a circular cylinder with a common circular-cylinder axis. The first structural element is joined to the second structural element via a bolt-type connection penetrating openings in the first and second joint faces.

Abstract: A rolled product of metal with at least one structured surface with light spreading structure. The structured surface exhibits a groove-type pattern in the form of a series of circular arc lengths that runs in the roiling direction and is wave-like in cross-section. The maximum angle of inclination of a tangent to the circular arc lengths with respect to a plane defined by the surface is 1 to 15°, and the radius of the arc lengths is between 0.1 and 20 mm.

Abstract: Inlet manifolds such as intake manifolds, collector tanks, intake pipes, oscillatory intake passages, systems with variable-tract intake manifolds etc., for internal combustion engines operating on the principle of the diesel or Otto engine, where the inlet manifold includes two or more dish-shaped parts that are permanently joined to each other, and the dish-shaped parts are formed sheet parts, castings and/or extruded sections of metal. The permanent joining of the dish-shaped parts may be effected e.g. by adhesive bonding and/or welding.

Abstract: A conductor rail having a rail-like support section made of metallic material, in particular a support section which is I-shaped in cross-section, and which has at least one other component of another metal attached to it, has a light metal body acting as conductor section—in particular an extruded section of an aluminium alloy—mounted in at least one of the side channels of a ferrous support section, the component of higher strength material covering the outwards facing surface of the conductor section. This conductor section is fitted by mechanical locking into the side channel, the light metal body of the conductor section may reside in the side channel under compression.

Abstract: A process for die-casting aluminum and aluminum alloys is such that the molten metal is introduced into a filling chamber and injected from the filling chamber into a mold cavity by a piston. The mold cavity is evacuated in advance, after which it is flooded with oxygen. After flooding with oxygen and before injecting the molten metal into it, the mold cavity is again evacuated. Finally, the molten metal is injected into the hollow mold cavity. The process enables die-cast parts to be produced with low tendency to forming pores and blisters.

Abstract: Lids (10) of a substrate material (5) having a plastic film, featuring printing (6) on the outside, with respect to a container (1) on which the lid (10) is employed, and an inward facing sealing layer (8,9), for closing the container (1) which has a shoulder region (4). The inward facing side of the substrate material (5) features the sealing layer (8,9) in the form of a printed image, and the printed image corresponds with the shoulder region (4) of the container (1) and is in the form of a series of points (12). The printed image (12) which forms the sealing layer (8,9) and the printed pattern (12) may be deposited in the same printing machine in which the printing (6) on the substrate layer takes place. The printed image (11) enables easy removal of the lids (10) individually from a stack of lids in the packaging machine without having to depend on embossing of the lids.

Abstract: Collapsible freight container for air transport, having on a base element (8) a frame-type structure containing a) a front frame (2) featuring an opening (22) for loading, b) a rear frame (3) which lies opposite and parallel to the front frame (2), c) an inner side frame (4) and at least one outer side frame, d) and a roof frame (7) which lies opposite and parallel to the base element (8). In the unfolded, operational state the freight container (1a) has a stable shape and is self-supporting.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of coarse aluminum hydroxide via the Bayer Process. The process involves the decomposition of a supersaturated alkaline aluminate liquor in a two stage precipitation process having an agglomeration stage and a growth stage. The agglomeration stage takes place in agglomeration tanks, where the liquor is seeded with fine aluminum hydroxide to induce precipitation and formation of a suspension, followed by a growth stage, where the suspension is seeded with a coarse aluminium hydroxide. Typically, the feed of the supersaturated alkaline aluminate liquor is split over a first agglomeration tank at a higher liquor temperature of 70° to 100° C. and a second agglomeration tank or one or more of a series of second agglomeration tanks at a lower liquor temperature of 50° to 80° C.