Abstract: Method and composition for applying an organic coating to a metallic surface, the surface being contacted with an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising an organic coating-forming material, fluoride, and ferric iron, wherein the thickness and/or weight of the coating formed on the surface can be controlled by varying the time the surface is immersed in the composition.

Abstract: A spray process for plating nickel metal or ferrous metal surfaces using a solution containing nickel ions and hypophoshite ions.

Abstract: An alkaline cleaner, cleaning solutions formed therefrom, and processes for cleaning ferrous-based metal surfaces. The compositions and processes of the invention are especially useful in removing contaminants from the surfaces of drawn and ironed black plate steel containers. The cleaner includes:(a) from about 20 to about 70% by weight of an alkali metal metasilicate or orthosilicate, or a combination thereof;(b) from 0 to about 45% by weight of an alkali metal carbonate;(c) from about 5 to about 30% by weight of an alkali metal phosphate;(d) from about 2 to about 15% by weight of a surfactant such as nonylphenoxy-(polyethoxy) ethanol; and(e) from about 2 to about 20% by weight of a polyethoxy secondary alcohol.

Abstract: Solutions and processes for accelerating the rate of application of a conversion coating to zinc surfaces utilizing an aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent which is a bromate, nitrite, persulfate or hypochlorite; a cation of cobalt, nickel, iron or tin; a complexing agent to keep the cation in solution; and sufficient alkaline material to produce a pH of at least 10.5.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous solution for coating metallic substrates and consisting essentially of hexavalent chromium, reduced chromium, an alkylphenoxypoly(alkyleneoxy)ether and dispersed acrylic resin solids.

Abstract: Method and composition for applying a coating to a metallic surface, the surface being immersed in an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising dispersed solid particles of an organic polymeric resinous coating-forming material and an oxidizing agent, wherein the weight or thickness of the coating formed on the surface is a function of the time the surface is immersed in the composition.

Abstract: Lubricating oils and aluminum fines are removed from aluminum surfaces by contacting the surfaces with an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and an alkali metal 2-butoxyethoxyacetate anionic surfactant. The solution may also contain one or more low foaming nonionic surfactants.

Abstract: In an acidic aqueous coating solution which contains zirconium, hafnium or titanium, and fluoride and which is effective in forming on an aluminum surface a non-chromate coating to which overlying coatings adhere tightly and which is corrosion resistant and resists being discolored when subjected to hot water, the improvement comprising including in said coating solution a combination of surfactants in an amount such that a coating formed from the surfactant-containing coating solution has an improved tendency to resist being discolored by hot water.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition containing a monomer which is capable of polymerizing in the presence of a metallic substrate in contact with the composition to form a polymer which has a multiplicity of groups capable of ionizing to form negatively charged groups on the polymer chain. Also, an autodepositing composition having included therein a monomeric constituent, that is, a material capable of being polymerized, for forming an organic coating on a metallic substrate.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline composition having increased effectiveness and bath life when used at elevated temperatures to remove siccative coatings from substrates coated therewith containing one or more alkaline compounds and at least two of the following three materials: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, an ethoxylated furfuryl alcohol and an ethoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; and preferably containing one or more of a sequestering agent, a composition-stabilizing compound, and a surfactant.

Abstract: An outodepositing coating process wherein a coating bath containing an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising as essential ingredients: (1) an acid; (2) an oxidizing agent; and (3) an aqueous dispersion of coating forming resin particles and surfactant, which surfactant is subject to being slowly altered by the acidic oxidizing environment in the metal coating bath resulting in the buildup of reaction products in the bath, which bath is maintained in continuous coating forming operability by replenishing in a manner which prevents the deterioration of the coating quality of the bath. The coating composition and replenishing composition may also contain as an optional ingredient an aqueous dispersion of pigment and surfactant and may also contain non-essential ingredients, which non-essential ingredients may increase in concentration as the bath is operated until a deleterious effect is asserted on the coating formation.

Abstract: Method and composition for applying an organic coating to a metallic surface, the surface being contacted with an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising an organic coating-forming material, fluoride, and ferric iron, wherein the thickness and/or weight of the coating formed on the surface can be controlled by varying the time the surface is immersed in the composition.

Abstract: In a process wherein an organic coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of an organic coating-forming material, wherein said composition forms on said surface an organic coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the coating on said surface tends to crack, the improvement comprising maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere surrounding the metallic surface from the time it is removed from the coating composition until the coated metallic surface is heated to fuse the coating.

Abstract: In an acidic aqueous coating solution which contains zirconium, hafnium or titanium, and fluoride and which is effective in forming on an aluminum surface a non-chromate coating to which overlying coatings adhere tightly and which is corrosion resistant and resists being discolored when subjected to hot water, the improvement comprising including in said coating solution a surfactant in an amount such that a coating formed from the surfactant-containing coating solution has an improved tendency to resist being discolored by hot water.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline coating solution having a pH of no greater than about 10.2 for forming on zinc surface a coating which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently is disclosed, and containing in solution one or more of the following metals: cobalt, nickel, iron and tin; and an inorganic complexing material which is effective in maintaining the metal in solution; and optionally, a reducing agent.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating solution for forming a coating on an aluminum surface which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently. The coating solution contains a zirconium and/or hafnium compound, a fluoride compound, and a polyhydroxy compound having no more than 7 carbon atoms. The coating solution is capable of forming on an aluminum surface a uniformly colorless and clear coating so that the coated surface has the appearance of the underlying metal surface, that is, the coating can be formed without changing the appearance of the metal surface. When coating a bright shiny aluminum surface, there can be produced a coated surface having a uniformly bright shiny appearance which is maintained even after the coated surface is subjected to boiling water. Such surface is capable of undergoing the "muffle test" to confirm the presence of the clear and colorless coating.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of chrome from waste water containing chrome in addition to at least one chelating agent for trivalent chromium. The chrome-containing waste water is treated at low pH with both a reducing agent suitable for converting hexavalent chrome to trivalent chrome and with a ferric or aluminum sulfate or chloride salt. Following the reduction step, the pH of the now acidic solution is raised, using an inorganic base, to a pH sufficient to cause the formation of chromic hydroxide. The process of this invention is particularly suitable where rapid sedimentation processes, such as are achievable by the use of the lamella separator, are contemplated.

Abstract: The novel compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each either hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and maybe the same or different, are useful intermediates in a novel process for the preparation of herbicidally active compounds such as 2,5-dichloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid, 2,5-dichloro-3-amino-benzoic acid and their functional derivatives.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the stripping of polymer coatings from coated metal surfaces. The composition comprises methylene chloride, formic acid, chlorinated acetic acid and a surfactant selected from the class consisting of sulfonated castor oil and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and salts thereof, wherein the alkyl group has from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Lubricants and metallic fines are removed from aluminum surfaces by contacting the surfaces with an aqueous solution containing an active fluoride compound, sulfuric acid, and a surfactant.