Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating solution for forming a coating on an aluminum surface which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently. The coating solution contains a zirconium and/or hafnium compound, a fluoride compound, and a polyhydroxy compound having no more than 7 carbon atoms. The coating solution is capable of forming on an aluminum surface a uniformly colorless and clear coating so that the coated surface has the appearance of the underlying metal surface, that is, the coating can be formed without changing the appearance of the metal surface. When coating a bright shiny aluminum surface, there can be produced a coated surface having a uniformly bright shiny appearance which is maintained even after the coated surface is subjected to boiling water. Such surface is capable of undergoing the "muffle test" to confirm the presence of the clear and colorless coating.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the removal of chrome from waste water containing chrome in addition to at least one chelating agent for trivalent chromium. The chrome-containing waste water is treated at low pH with both a reducing agent suitable for converting hexavalent chrome to trivalent chrome and with a ferric or aluminum sulfate or chloride salt. Following the reduction step, the pH of the now acidic solution is raised, using an inorganic base, to a pH sufficient to cause the formation of chromic hydroxide. The process of this invention is particularly suitable where rapid sedimentation processes, such as are achievable by the use of the lamella separator, are contemplated.

Abstract: The novel compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each either hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and maybe the same or different, are useful intermediates in a novel process for the preparation of herbicidally active compounds such as 2,5-dichloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid, 2,5-dichloro-3-amino-benzoic acid and their functional derivatives.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the stripping of polymer coatings from coated metal surfaces. The composition comprises methylene chloride, formic acid, chlorinated acetic acid and a surfactant selected from the class consisting of sulfonated castor oil and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and salts thereof, wherein the alkyl group has from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: In a process wherein an organic coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of an organic coating-forming material from which the particles are deposited on the metallic surface forming an organic coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the temperature of the coating composition tends to rise with the result that the quality of coatings formed therefrom is affected adversely, particularly when coating worked or roughened metal surfaces, the improvement comprising maintaining the temperature of the coating composition at a temperature within the range over which the rate of change in the rate of film build is substantially constant thereby improving the quality of the coating formed by the deposition of coating-forming particles, including reducing or preventing the tendency of the composition to form coatings which contain pinholes and/or craters.

Abstract: A metallic substrate is pretreated with a composition containing an acid corrosion inhibitor prior to subjecting the substrate to an acidic aqueous autodepositing coating composition of the type which contains dissolved fluoride and ferric ions in order to improve the quality of the coating formed from said autodepositing composition by reducing or preventing the tendency of the composition to form coatings which contain pinholes or blisters on worked or roughened areas of the metallic surface.

Abstract: An autodepositing coating process wherein a coating bath containing an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising as essential ingredients: (1) an acid; (2) an oxidizing agent; and (3) an aqueous dispersion of coating forming resin particles and surfactant, which surfactant is subject to being slowly altered by the acidic oxidizing environment in the metal coating bath resulting in the buildup of reaction products in the bath, which bath is maintained in continuous coating forming operability by replenishing in a manner which prevents the deterioration of the coating quality of the bath. The coating composition and replenishing composition may also contain as an optional ingredient an aqueous dispersion of pigment and surfactant and may also contain non-essential ingredients, which non-essential ingredients may increase in concentration as the bath is operated until a deleterious effect is asserted on the coating formation.

Abstract: Compositions comprising mixtures of a dithiocarbamic acid derivative and a sulfonium compound such as triphenylsulfonium chloride provide effective corrosion inhibition in acid treatment of metal in the presence of a copper complexing agent such as a thiourea.

Abstract: In an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of an organic coating-forming material and of the type which forms on a metallic surface immersed therein an organic coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition, the improvement comprising including in said composition an acid inhibitor thereby improving the quality of said coating, including reducing or preventing the tendency of said composition to form coatings which contain pinholes or blisters.

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising resin and pigment for use in an acidic aqueous coating composition, wherein substantially all the resin is associated with pigment, such that when said coating composition is applied to a metallic surface a resinous coating having uniform color is formed; the acidic aqueous coating composition, having resin and pigment therein, is of the type which forms on a metallic surface immersed therein a resinous coating which increases in thickness or weight the longer the time the surface is contacted with the coating composition; aqueous resin/pigment concentrate for use in the coating composition is prepared by combining an aqueous dispersion of resin solids with an aqueous dispersion of pigment solids in a manner such that substantially all of the resin solids have substantially the same opportunity to associate with the pigment solids.

Abstract: Method and composition for applying a coating to a metal surface, the surface being contacted with an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising an organic coating-forming material, an acid, and a metal from a compound containing said metal, wherein the thickness and weight of the coating formed on the surface can be controlled by varying the amount of metal present in the composition and by varying the time the surface is contacted with the composition.

Abstract: Synergistic ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) plus fungicide compositions applied to plants produce enhanced fungicidal activity and enhanced plant growth regulant activity.

Abstract: A combination of accelerators, including an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate or a bromate, in conjunction with a reducing agent, particularly, hydroxylamine sulfate is used in phosphatizing ferrous metal at low temperature to produce an iron phosphate coating with good salt spray resistance.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating solution for forming on an aluminum surface a coating which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently is disclosed. The coating solution contains compounds of zirconium and/or titanium, fluoride and phosphate in dissolved form, and optionally, polyhydroxy compounds having 6 or fewer carbon atoms. The coating solution is capable of forming on an aluminum surface a uniformly colorless and clear coating so that the coated surface has the appearance of the underlying metal surface, that is, the coating can be formed without changing the appearance of the metal surface.

Abstract: A composition, and method for using the composition in applying a conversion coating on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces, is disclosed. In the method of this invention an aluminum containing metal surface is contacted with a ferricyanide free aqueous acidic solution containing zinc, hexavalent chromium, fluoride, and molybdate ions. The coated metal surface shows inhanced resistance to corrosion and improved paint adhesion. The absence of ferricyanide in the composition promotes easier disposal of the spent solutions.

Abstract: A latex stimulant and method of use involving a composition comprised of (a) ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) and its functional derivatives, (b) and a thickening agent so that the composition may be used to stimulate the flow of latex in rubber trees through direct application by brush to the bark of the tree or to exposed areas wherein the bark has been removed.

Abstract: In a continuous process wherein corrosion resistant and paint adherent coatings are formed on metallic articles and wherein prior to the formation of said coatings, the articles are first subjected to a pre-cleaning stage in which oil emulsion is removed from the surfaces of the articles by washing the articles with an aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier and the removed oil emulsion is broken and the oil recovered, and wherein the articles having the oil emulsion removed from their surfaces are thereafter subjected to a second cleaning stage in which the articles are contacted with a cleaning solution to remove metal fines from the surfaces of the articles, the improvement comprising including a chelating agent in said aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier to aid in breaking said oil emulsion and to deter or prevent the formation of precipitates in the cleaning solution of said second cleaning stage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method for coating aluminum in order to improve both corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. By using very low concentrations of hexavalent chromium ions, phosphate ions and fluoride ions in the coating composition, the characteristics of the treated aluminum surfaces are improved, while process waste disposal problems are minimized.

Abstract: Lubricants and metallic fines are removed from aluminum surfaces by contacting the surfaces with an aqueous solution containing an active fluoride compound, sulfuric acid, and a surfactant.

Abstract: Acid cleaning of aluminum surfaces is accomplished by employing a composition comprising hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. More specifically, this invention relates to a composition and method for treating aluminum containers at low temperatures.